clearly. The measures which he employed, were demanded by the principles which he had avowed. The latter were embodied and acted out in the former. No man can heartily and consistently maintain such principles, without employing just such measures.

But was not Lovejoy imprudent? Why imprudent? For asserting his rights just there where they were invaded?—That clearly was the very position which prudence required him to take. It was the only point where his rights could be defended. Abandoned there, they must give place to the yoke of slavery.

Such, if I understand it, is the language of our brother's blood. It cries aloud; and a loud response, I am sure, it must awaken. From the East and from the West; from the North, aye, and from the South, I already hear the thousand voices exclaiming: To the principles, martyred brother, which thou didst maintain, we will adhere ;-the exertions which brought thee to thy bloody grave, we will promptly and earnestly second. Nor will we hear and help us, Heaven, while we thus solemnly promise!-relinquish the one or renounce the other till slavery be universally and forever abolished.

4. Full justice we cannot do to the memory of our martyr, if we should forget that his death was of a vicarious character.-The friends of the slave could not but foresee that if they plead his cause, they must expect to be partakers of his sufferings. They felt themselves called upon to "count the cost" before entering on the sublime enterprise which had laid fast hold of their hearts and demanded their powers. They saw clearly that slavery was digging a grave for the republic; and that nothing could save it from the doom to which it was hastening but public spirit and magnanimity of so exalted a character, as for its sake to brave the most appalling dangers. From these dangers they durst not shrink. To their property, reputation, and lives, they could not feel indifferent. Few had stronger ties to bind them to the earth than themselves. They entered on their course; and who needs to be told of the multiplied and various trials which at every step have beset their path? But these trials they have felt themselves called upon to bear with whatever fortitude and cheerfulness the Saviour might afford them, for the sake of the millions, of all complexions and in all conditions, by whom they were surrounded.

In the midst of his disinterested and useful labors, our beloved and revered Lovejoy was cut off by the hand of violence;-but not for him. self. He might have retired from the "deadly imminent "breach," and escaped the fatal shaft. But he felt himself impelled by authority to

which he had been accustomed meekly and gratefully to bow, to hazard every thing in maintaining at his proper post the inalienable rights of man. For the inalienable rights of man-for every man, therefore, for whom they are inalienable-Lovejoy bowed his head in death. He died for his country; for the bond and the free; for his friends and his foes; for the advocates as truly as for the enemies of slavery. The miserable men who murdered him must, as well as others, if remorse should let them live, share in the benefits of his suffering. Yes, brother, as we bend over thy bleeding body, we know, and feel, and acknowledge, that the insufferable insults, "the cruel mockings" and dying agonies which thou hast endured, were meant for us. Thou didst not die as Elijah P. Lovejoy, but as the representative of all who prize principle, conscience, truth, freedom-the smiles of God and the welfare of man, more than life;—for all didst thou die who have rights to maintain, or powers to wield, or privileges to enjoy. Blessings on thy memory now and forever-blessings from Heaven above and the earth beneath-for thy magnanimity in thus nobly acting upon the sublimest Christian maxim: "He laid down his life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren!" And blessings infinite on the crowned head of Him who graciously enabled thee, in imitation of his own example, thus to welcome vicarious sufferings.

It must not be forgotten where the murderers of Lovejoy accomplished their fell designs. Amidst the monuments of freedom-in Illinois-it was that they raised their suicidal hands in defence of slavery. A soil professedly consecrated to freedom, drank our brother's blood. And let me say, that it stains the hands of every American citizen who has contributed any thing to that public sentiment which was the inspiring genius-the evil angel of the men who slew him. Let the conductors of the public press look to it, who have been so base and wicked as to defend slavery and malign the abolitionists;-who again and again have urged on the multitude to deeds of violence which would disgrace the rudest savages. Let the appointed guardians of the public welfare look to it, who have more than once or twice so treacherously refused to protect their fellow-citizens in the enjoyment of their admitted rights. With what astounding force may not the magistracy of Alton plead in selfdefence the example of the magistracy of New York, Utica, and Boston! Let the ministers of the Gospel who have refused to pray and preach in behalf of their "countryinen in chains," look to it. Have they not consented to the death of Lovejoy? What are they all but bloody men, who without a word of remonstrance or an effort at resistance, have seen

freedom cloven down in the broad highway? God will find out the guilty. He will put his mark upon their foreheads. Wo, wo, wo to them if they refuse or delay to repent! What is Alton, at this moment, but the rendezvous of outlaws-the hiding place of confessed murderers? The North has, indeed, much to do with slavery. Unless it rises in the name of God to hasten its destruction, it cannot long escape its murderous fangs. The life or death of the republic awaits the event of the conflict in which we are now called to mingle.

For thee, brother, why should we mourn? Thou hast found thy place by the side of Stephen, in the glorious army of martyrs who now exult in the smiles of the Captain of their salvation. Welcome to thy reward. There the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest. Rest, then, in the bosom of His love who inspired thee with courage and gave thee the victory! But the widowed wife! Thy helpless orphans! Who shall bind up their broken hearts? Who shall cherish and sustain these lambs, amidst the wolves which have drunk the blood of the father and the husband? They shall not be forsaken. They are ours, under God, to support and soothe-to love and bless with the tenderness and warmth of undying attachment. Whose sympathies will not gush forth and whose hand will not be open to the widow and the orphans of our blessed martyr?

AN

ADDRESS

DELIVERED AT THE

ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION

OF

THE BIRTH OF SPURZHEIM,

AND

THE ORGANIZATION OF

THE

BOSTON PHRENOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

DECEMBER 31, 1839.

BY GEORGE COMBE, ESQ.

BOSTON.

MARSH, CAPEN, LYON & WEBB.

At the annual meeting of the Boston Phrenological Society on Wednesday evening, January 1, 1840, the following vote was adopted:

Voted, That the thanks of this society be presented to George Combe, Esq. of Edinburgh, for the able and eloquent address which he delivered before the Boston Phrenological Society and the public, on Tuesday, the 31st of December, and that a committee be appointed to wait upon that gentleman and request a copy for the press.

GENTLEMEN,

BOSTON, 2D JAN. 1840.

1 have much pleasure in complying with your request that I should consent to your printing my Address delivered on Tuesday evening to the Phrenological Society of Boston. I have the honor to remain,

Gentlemen,

Your obliged and faithful friend,

GEO. COMBE.