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1. Lorsqu'une personne, dûment autorisée par l'autorité administrative, a élevé le long d'une rue une construction dont une partie surplombe la voie publique, la commune, en vertu de son droit de propriété sur la rue, peut se faire reconnaître en justice le pouvoir d'enlever la partie de cette construction qui est en surplomb, l'auteur de la bâtisse restant entier dans tous les autres droits pouvant résulter pour lui de ce qu'il a été autorisé à bâtir comme il l'a fait. La commune ne peut le contraindre à procéder lui-même à la démolition ni à lui en payer les frais.

Lorsqu'une personne, qui a élevé le long d'une rue une bâtisse dont une partie surplombe la voie publique, n'a pas observé, quant à cette construction en surplomb, les conditions de l'autorisation de bâtir accordée par l'autorité administrative, la commune, en vertu de son droit de propriété sur la rue, peut faire condamner le constructeur à démolir la partie de la construction en surplomb qui n'est pas conforme à l'autorisation de bâtir; si elle se charge de ce travail, elle ne peut en récupérer le prix contre le constructeur en faute de maintenir cet ouvrage. Trib. Bruxelles,

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3.

supprimé l'accès, l'action en dommages-intérêts peut être dirigée contre ce particulier, sauf appel de l'Etat en garantie. Marche, 9 juillet 1909. Pas. 1909. III, 327. Ne peut être condamné à la réparation de la contravention le propriétaire qui, sans empiéter sur la voie publique, reconstruit sans autorisation sur un terrain sujet à reculement, mais sans apporter de changement à l'état des lieux et sans toucher à la façade, le pignon de sa maison ensuite de la démolition de la maison voisine de la sienne. Trib. Liége, 13 octobre 1909. Pus. 1909. III. 397.

VOL.

1. — L'immunité de l'article 462 du code pénal ne peut être étendue aux parents non visés par cette disposition le vol entre frères est punissable.

Commettent un vol les cohéritiers qui, au préjudice d'autres cohéritiers, appréhendent et partagent immédiatement une succession après le décès du de cujus. G., 14 novembre 1908. Pas. 1909. II. 341.

2. Le placier rémunéré à la commission n'est pas un homme de service à gages, et le vol commis par lui au préjudice de son patron n'est pas un vol domestique. (Code pén. fr., art. 386; code pén. belge, art. 464.) Cass. fr., 18 décembre 1908. Pas. 1909. IV. 82.

3.

L'immunité pénale consacrée par l'article 462 du code pénal au profit des personnes qui ont commis un vol au préjudice d'ascendants ou de descendants ou d'alliés aux mêmes degrés ne peut être étendue aux prévenus de vols au préjudice de collatéraux. (Code pén., art. 462.)

L'héritier qui, avant le partage, soustrait frauduleusement, au préjudice de ses cohéritiers, des effets d'une succession qui leur est dévolue en commun commet un vol tombant sous l'application de la loi pénale. (Code pén., art. 461; code civ., art. 792.)

La partie lésée est recevable à se constituer partie civile devant le juge répressif en cet état de la cause. (Loi du 17 avril 1878, art. 3 et 4; code civ., art. 792.) Cass., 4 janvier 1909. Pas. 1909. I. 78.

4. En cas de poursuite du chef de cel frauduleux d'une chose appartenant à autrui, il importe peu que l'identité du légitime propriétaire de la chose celée n'ait pu être établie. (Code pén., art. 508.)

Les droits de la défense ne sont pas violés par le fait que le ministère public poursuit un prévenu du chef de vol et subsidiairement du chef de cel frauduleux. Cass., 18 janvier 1909. Pas. 1909. I. 100.

3. Se rend coupable du détournement prévu par l'article 240 du code pénal la personne chargée d'un service public qui s'ap

proprie des deniers qui étaient entre ses mains soit en vertu, soit à raison de sa charge.

La circonstance que le prévenu n'a pas cessé d'être détenteur des sommes détour

nées et qu'il les a restituées après constatation du détournement n'est pas élisive de la culpabilité. (Code pén., art. 240.) — Cass., 19 juillet 1909. Pas. 1909. I. 347.

WARRANT.

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La stipulation faite lors de la constitution d'un warrant que le warrant et la cédule seraient considérés comme nuls et non avenus s'ils n'ont pas été renouvelés à l'échéance ne fait pas, en cas de non-renouvellement, perdre au prêteur le droit de gage acquis par l'endos du warrant ni acquérir à celui qui a levé le warrant la propriété quitte et libre vis-à-vis du prêteur et du dépositaire.

Les parties peuvent, sans l'intervention du déposant, reporter la date d'échéance du warrant. Si le déposant a intérêt à ce que le warrant soit exécuté à la date prévue, l'inexécution peut lui donner certains droits, mais n'annule pas le titre.

Un warrant peut être valablement consenti pour dettes n'affectant pas normalement les marchandises warrantées; le crédit que la loi a voulu faciliter aux commerçants par le warrant n'est pas nécessairement un crédit entièrement nouveau.

Il est de l'essence du warrant qu'il intervienne à sa constitution trois personnes distinctes le déposant, son créancier et le dépositaire. Si le prêteur est l'émetteur du warrant, celui-ci constituerait le prêt sur gage défendu par l'article 306 du code pénal; toute combinaison tendant à éluder cette règle est nulle d'ordre public.

Si le dépositaire ne remet pas de cédule au déposant, l'opération est absolument nulle comme warrant. Trib. Bruxelles, 4 janvier 1909. Pas. 1909. III. 358.

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