Chri. the words of Christ, as distinct from narrative, see 1672*.

=

Clem. Alex. 42=Clement of Alexandria in Potter's page 42.

Dalman, Words= Words of Jesus, Eng. Transl. 1902; Aram. G.= Grammatik Aramäisch, 1894.

Demosth. 433 Teubner's marginal page 433 of Demosthenes; but Demosth. (Preuss) xxvii. 3=p. 3 of Orat. xxvii. in Teubner, as in Preuss's Concordance.

Diatess. = the Arabic Diatessaron, sometimes called Tatian's, translated by Rev. H. W. Hogg, B.D., in the Ante-Nicene Christian Library. Ency. Encyclopaedia Biblica.

=

Euseb. the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius.

Field = Origenis Hexaplorum quae supersunt, Oxford, 1875, also Otium Norvicense, 1881.

Gesen. the Oxford edition of Gesenius.

Heb. LXX= that part of LXX of which the Hebrew is extant.

=

Hor. Heb. Horae Hebraicae, by John Lightfoot, 1658--74, ed. Gandell, Oxf. 1859.

Iren. the treatise of Irenaeus against Heresies.

Jer. Targ. (or Jer.) I and II = severally the Targum of "Jonathan Ben Uzziel" and the fragments of the Jerusalem Targum on the Pentateuch. K.=Kings.

Levy = Levy's Neuhebräisches und Chaldäisches Wörterbuch, 4 vols., Leipzig, 1889; Levy Ch. Chaldäisches Wörterbuch, 2 vols., 1881.

=

=

Narr. in narrative, as distinct from (a) speech of Christ, (b) speech generally (1672*).

Origen, Huet, or Lomm., ii. 340=vol. ii. p. 340 of Huet or Lommatzsch severally. The reader is also sometimes guided by reference to the text, e.g. Numb. xiv. 23 in O.'s commentary on Numbers.

Oxf. Conc. The Oxford Concordance to the Septuagint.

Papyri are indicated by Pap. [from the] Berlin [Museum]; and Pap. [of the] Egypt [Exploration Society], vols. i-vi, viz. Oxy[rynchus] i—iv, Fayûm v, Tebt[unis] vi.

Pec., affixed to Mt., Lk., etc., means peculiar to Matthew, Luke, etc. Philo is referred to by Mangey's volume and page, e.g. Philo ii. 234, or, as to the Latin treatises, by Aucher's pages (P. A.) (see 1608). Resch = Resch's Paralleltexte (4 vols.).

S.=Samuel; s.="see."

Schöttg. Schöttgen's Horae Hebraicae, Dresden and Leipzig, 1733.

Sir. = the work of Ben Sira, i.e. the son of Sira. It is commonly called Ecclesiasticus (see 20a). The original Hebrew has been edited, in part, by Cowley and Neubauer, Oxf. 1897; in part, by Schechter and Taylor, Camb. 1899.

SS, see (iii) above.

Steph. or Steph. Thes. Stephani Thesaurus (Didot).

Sym. Symmachus's version of O.T.

Theod. Theodotion's version of O.T.

Tromm. Trommius' Concordance to the Septuagint.

Tryph. = the Dialogue between Justin Martyr and Trypho the Jew. Wetst. Wetstein's Comm. on the New Testament, Amsterdam, 1751. W.H. = Westcott and Hort's New Testament.

(a) A bracketed Arabic number, following Mk, Mt., etc., indicates the number of instances in which a word occurs in Mark, Matthew, etc., e.g. ȧyánŋ Mk (0), Mt. (1), Lk. (1), Jn (7).

(b) Where verses in Hebrew, Greek, and Revised Version, are numbered differently, the number of R. V. is given alone.

=

ADDENDUM

Blass Second English Edition of Professor Blass's Grammar of New Testament Greek, Macmillan and Co., 1905. It did not come into my hands till this volume was in the press. But I have made copious use of it in foot-notes, and still more in the "Notes on Preceding Paragraphs" (2664-799). Dr Blass regards as interpolations some passages that I should treat as evangelistic comment; and he appears to me to attach too much importance to the testimony of Chrysostom (concerning whom Field, Chrys. Comm. Matth. vol. iii. p. 153 uses the weighty words, "Chrysostomo, Scriptori in libris citandis incuriosissimo," of which the reader will find ample proof in the following pages) and too little to that of Origen. But even where, as is frequently the case, my conclusions differ from his, I gladly acknowledge my obligation for his succinct statement of the evidence favouring his views, and for calling attention to points that had escaped my notice.

INTRODUCTION1

1. The scope of the proposed work

[1886] Obscurity of style in an inflected language is caused by ambiguity (1) in words2, (2) in inflexions of words3, (3) in combinations of words. The First Part of this work, Johannine Vocabulary, dealt with characteristic, or characteristically used, Johannine words, such as "believe," and "authority," with the principal Johannine synonyms, and with the relation between the Johannine and the Synoptic Vocabularies. But the words were almost exclusively verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. The article could not be represented statistically in the Vocabularies, nor could many of the pronouns and conjunctions; and only a general view could be given of the difference between the Johannine and the Synoptic use of prepositions. These words must therefore now be added to the two subjects above mentioned as remaining to be discussed-namely, inflexions, and combinations of words.

1 See references on pp. xxv foll. This is the sixth part of the series entitled Diatessarica. The fifth part of the series ("Johannine Vocabulary") terminated with subsection 1885.

E.g. "apprehend" (1443, 1735 e-g) may mean "understand" or "take prisoner."

3 "Inflexions" include those of all parts of speech.

4 "Combinations" include those in phrases, in clauses, in sentences, and in paragraphs (or sections).

A. VI.

I

I

[1887] In Johannine Grammar it is proposed to treat of these matters with a view to two objects. The first object is to ascertain the evangelist's meaning; the second is to compare or contrast his Gospel with those of the Synoptists. A great deal will be omitted that would be inserted in a Grammar of New Testament Greek, or in a Grammar that proposed to examine the differences between Johannine and, for example, Pauline style. On the other hand, a great deal will be inserted that would not find place in a treatise attempting simply to elucidate the obscurities of the Fourth Gospel. As in Johannine Vocabulary, so in Johannine Grammar, many remarks that may seem superfluous for explaining the special passage under discussion may be found to be justified hereafter by the use made of them in a commentary on parallel passages in the Four Gospels1.

§ 2. The arrangement and proportions of the work

[1888] Logical arrangement, symmetry, and completeness, will be subordinated to the object of illuminating the Fourth Gospel as a whole, and passages of recognised difficulty in particular, by ready reference to groups of similar Johannine idioms. For this purpose, English alphabetical order will be adopted as regards subjects, e.g. Adjectives, Adverbs, Anacoluthon, Asyndeton etc., and Greek order, for the most part, as regards Greek words discussed separately under these several headings. Under "Adjectives"—in Adjectives "-in accordance with the promise to omit all that did not bear on Johannine style— very little will be said except as to John's use of two or three special words. For the rest, the reader will be referred to "Article"-since the repetition of the article with an adjective makes the latter emphatic. The same rule will apply to Adverbs. On the other hand, under "Anacoluthon" (ie. want

1 See Johannine Vocabulary, Pref. p. ix.