Introduction.. Stands... CONTENTS. Black Hills National Forest, Table 1. Prescott National Forest, Table 2. Flathead and Missoula counties, Mont., Table 3 Stevens County, Wash., Table 4 Klamath County, Oreg., Table 5.. Madera County, Cal., Table 6 Height..... General regional table, Table 7. Various types in Flathead and Missoula counties, Mont., Table 8 Clear length. By regions, Table 9.. Growth.... Height... Seedlings by types and regions, Table 10. Seedlings by types in Montana, Table 11. Diameter.... General regional tables, Table 12. By types in Montana, Table 13.. Volume..... Variation according to region.. Volume in board feet (Scribner rule)... Black Hills National Forest, Table 14 San Francisco Mountains National Forest, Table 15 California and Montana, Table 16.. Volume of entire stem in cubic feet Black Hills National Forest, Table 17 Butte and Madera counties, Cal., Table 18.. Black Hills and California, Table 19 Form..... Black Hills National Forest, Table 20. Black Hills National Forest, Table 21. Butte County, Cal., Table 22. [Cir. 127] (2) FOREST TABLES FOR WESTERN YELLOW PINE. INTRODUCTION. Forest tables for western yellow pine include Pinus ponderosa proper, the variety scopulorum, and Pinus jeffreyi. In gathering the data no attempt was made to segregate the species, since the distinction is too slight to be reflected in form or growth tables. The data used in the construction of these tables were collected by field parties" in connection with various projects mainly on the National Forests; they were not gathered according to a set plan, but nevertheless are sufficient for the immediate requirements of exploitation and forest management. Cooperation is requested in the collection of more complete measurements for extending and revising the tables. In the National Forests, technical assistants, timber-sale inspectors, and lumbermen supervising cuttings can render valuable aid in this direction. The widely varying factors of temperature and rainfall in different parts of the western yellow pine region bring about a corresponding variation in the development of the tree. This affects both the rate of growth and the form, and necessitates the recognition of three regions in which the tree differs widely. These regions are: the isolated Black Hills region; Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado, and the lower and drier mountains of southern California; northern California, Oregon, Washington, and the moister parts of Montana. The first two regions are marked by a light rainfall; there the tree makes slow growth, has a short full stem, and forms open stands. The third region has a much heavier rainfall, which makes more rapid growth, a more slender stem, and rather dense stands. These characteristics are most conspicuous in the volume tables, but can a The field parties for the different regions were under the direction of the following men: Archuleta County, Colo. (western yellow pine study), H. M. Curran (1904). Butte and Madera counties, Cal. (western yellow pine study), A. W. Cooper (1904). San Francisco Mountains National Forest, Ariz. (timber sales), T. S. Woolsey, Jr. (1906). also be traced in the stand, height, and diameter-growth tables. The boundaries of the regions are not always sharply drawn and intermediate stands may occasionally be found that will require nice judgment in the use of the tables. STANDS. Five tables of stands containing western yellow pine are given. They illustrate the different regions, and give associated species and relative development as seen in the diameters attained. The size of the tree increases from the Black Hills to Arizona, to Colorado, to Montana, to eastern Washington, and finally makes a decided increase to the west slope of the Sierras in California and Oregon. While yellow pine attains its maximum size in the central and northern Sierras of California and Oregon in mixture with sugar pine and white fir, on the lower and drier foothills it occurs in pure stands, or with a few scrubby oaks, and has a form very similar to that found in Arizona. Table 1 shows the average stand per acre on township 1 south, range 3 east, of the Black Hills National Forest. It shows a large percentage of "insect-killed" timber, but does not indicate an average loss from that source. The column of totals gives the stand before the invasion of the beetle. It shows a denser stand than is found in many parts of the Black Hills, and gives the possibilities of the region. The stands here are mainly pure, and mostly very open; diameters above 30 inches are infrequent and the greater part of the stand is under 18 inches. [Cir. 127] TABLE 1.-Stand in township 1 south, range 3 east, Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota. [Altitude, 5,000-6,000 feet.] TREES 5 INCHES AND OVER, BREASTHIGH DIAMETER, ON 351 ACRES. Table 2 gives a representative stand in the Prescott National Forest, Arizona. Western yellow pine is the principal timber tree. There are more trees 18 inches and over than in the Black Hills, and trees 30 to 40 inches are frequent. The forest here is usually more open than that in the Black Hills. TABLE 2.--Stand in the Prescott National Forest. [Altitude, 5,000-6,000 feet.] TREES 5 INCHES AND OVER, BREASTHIGH DIAMETER, ON 128 ACRES. Table 3 shows a stand of timber in Flathead and Missoula counties, Mont. Western yellow pine is the principal timber tree at the lower altitudes, and in favorable situations it occurs with Douglas fir, western larch, and lodgepole pine. Western yellow pine occurs here in much denser stands than in the Black Hills or in Arizona and |