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VI.

Average weight of Refuse per 1,000 of Population per day (565 days to year) and average cost per ton of Refuse Collection and Disposal in Boroughs and Districts grouped according to Population.

(Income deducted. Number of Boroughs and Districts shewn in brackets).

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8s. 5d. (61)

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50,000 and over, under 100,000

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3s.10d.(61) 11s. 11d. (69) 11s. 1d. (69) 9s. 1d. (49) 4s. 1d. (49) 12s. 11d. (53) 11s. 10d. (53) 9s. Od. (25) 5s. 1d. (25) 14s. 1d. (27) 12s. 6d. (27) 10s. Od. (18) 4s. 6d. (18) 14s. 6d. (18) 13s. 4d. (18)

For all places making returns 17.0 (167) 8s. 9d. (153) 4s.2d.(153) 12s. 8d. (167) 11s. 8d. (167)

VII.

Average cost of Collection and Disposal of Refuse per 1,000 of Population in
Boroughs and Districts grouped according to Population.

(Loan or depreciation charges and expenditure for new plant out of revenue
included; income deducted. Number of Boroughs and Districts shewn in
brackets).

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The Public Health (Smoke Abatement) Act, 1926, came into operation on July 1, 1927. During the year the Midlands Joint Advisory Council on Smoke Abatement and the Regional Advisory Smoke Abatement Committee for the Tyneside area were set up; a Statutory Joint Smoke Abatement Committee for Sheffield and Rotherham, with administrative and not merely advisory powers, was appointed; and a conference of representatives of

Local Authorities appointed a Committee to report on questions of smoke abatement in the Greater London Area.

The Regional Advisory Committees for the Manchester Area and the West Riding of Yorkshire previously appointed are actively engaged upon the problem of smoke abatement in their respective areas.

Byelaws have been made by a number of Local Authorities and duly confirmed. These byelaws are based on the model series issued by the Ministry prescribing that the emission of black smoke for a period of two minutes in the aggregate within any continuous period of thirty minutes shall be presumed to be a nuisance.

PUBLIC PARKS, PLEASURE GROUNDS AND PLAYING FIELDS.

The total amount of the loans sanctioned during the year 1927-28 for the above purposes-land purchase, layout, buildings, etc.— was £1,253,000. Of this amount £527,000 was for the purchase of land, the total area being 6,744 acres, including 820 acres acquired for playing fields, at a cost of £314,000, under section 69 of the Public Health Act, 1925. Notable purchases were 4,483 acres by the Southport Town Council, 190 acres by the Seaford Urban District Council, 186 acres by the Lynton Urban District Council, and 130 acres by the Ilkley Urban District Council. The area acquired by the Southport Council consisted mainly of foreshore (3,767 acres), but there was also a large purchase of land (716 acres) on the sea front which included two golf courses held by clubs on leases to be continued and an area which it is proposed at some future time to develop as a muncipal golf course. The land at Seaford comprised an extensive area of downland which was about to be placed on the market for building development, and by acquiring it under the powers of section 69 of the Public Health Act, 1925, the Council have completed a scheme for the preservation of the downlands between Eastbourne and Seaford: this purchase included an existing golf course (145 acres) which the Council propose to let to the present club. As another instance of useful action under the Act of 1925 mention may be made of the acquisition by the Friern Barnet Urban District Council of the North Middlesex Golf Course, for which purpose a loan was sanctioned by the Department. The land was held on lease by a club, and the scheme provided for the grant of a fresh lease to the club at a rent which would cover the annual loan charges. A large open space has thus been preserved without cost, for the time being, to the local rates.

Apart from the areas actually purchased, 645 acres already vested in Local Authorities for other purposes were authorised to be appropriated for recreation purposes during the year, 510 for public

parks, etc., and 135 for playing fields, as compared with 230 acres for the two purposes during 1926-27.

The total area of new lands acquired or taken over expressly for recreational purposes under sanction of the Minister was therefore 7,389 acres, as compared with 2,280 acres for 1926-27, but, as previously mentioned, the former included a very large area of foreshore excluding this the totals were 3,622 and 2,280 respectively.

The total amount of loans sanctioned for recreational purposes generally shows a slight decrease as compared with 1926-27, when the amount was £1,260,000, but, excluding the above-mentioned purchase of foreshore, there was an appreciable increase both in the amount authorised to be borrowed for land purchase and in the acreage acquired.

In addition to the loans sanctioned for the purchase of land for the specific purpose of recreation, other loans were sanctioned under Local Acts for the purchase of land for the "benefit, improvement or development" of the Cities or Boroughs concerned, that is to say, in advance of actual requirements and without specifying any particular purposes. These loans amounted during the year to £373,853 representing an acreage of 668, and it is probable that a considerable portion of the land so acquired will be set apart for recreational purposes or reserved as permanent open spaces. The figures for 1927-28 show a large decrease on those for the previous year, when the loans sanctioned amounted to nearly a million pounds and the areas purchased to 6,870 acres, but the latter was an exceptional year as regards purchases of this kind. Important purchases under this heading during 1927-28 were the Dyke Estate (190 acres) by the Brighton Town Council, Lupset Hall Estate (145 acres) by the Wakefield City Council, and various properties having a total acreage of 178 acres by the Oxford City Council. The amounts authorised to be borrowed for these purchases were £9,000 to Brighton, £6,370 to Wakefield, and £27,080 to Oxford.

The figures given in the preceding paragraphs are not exhaustive, as they do not include any particulars of gifts of land for public open spaces, etc. During the year gifts of land amounting to a considerable area were made to Local Authorities.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE ALKALI, ETC., WORKS REGULATION Аст, 1906.

The Report of Dr. Lewis Bailey, Chief Inspector under the Act, contains detailed information as to proceedings under the Act during

the year 1927, and is issued separately as a Stationery Office publication (price 1s. 3d. net). The following are statistics of works, processes and tests for the last two years:

Number of Works Registered

1927.

England and Wales.

1926. England and Wales.

Alkali Works

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Dr. Bailey points out that the removal of nuisance from waste gases is as much for the benefit of those carrying on the works as it is necessary for the well-being of people living in the vicinity of the works. He states that the general tone of efficiency has been maintained, except in some instances, which have not, however, necessitated extreme action. Mention is made of the rapid growth of the artificial silk industry, which has led to complaints of smells from various quarters. The processes involved are not at present registrable under the Alkali, etc., Works Regulation Act, 1906, but the difficult problem of the practicability of removing offensive constituents from the escaping gases before emission to the atmosphere is receiving the attention of the Department.

Reference is made in Dr. Bailey's Report to the extension of the list of noxious gases and the list of operations scheduled in the Alkali, etc., Works Regulation Act, 1906, which has been effected by order of the Minister, made under Section 4 of the Public Health (Smoke Abatement) Act, 1926, after consultation with the local government associations and other interests concerned, and after public inquiry, as prescribed by the Act. There was no objection to the Order and it came into operation on 1st April last, being entitled "The Alkali, etc., Works Order, 1928."

ADMINISTRATION OF THE CANAL BOATS ACTS, 1877 AND 1884.

The Report of Mr. Owen J. Llewellyn, the Department's Inspector under the Canal Boats Acts, is printed in Appendix III (pages 256 to 257 below).

Mr. Llewellyn welcomes the more general introduction of mechanical methods of propulsion in canal boats. He reports that there has been no improvement in the unsatisfactory conditions on boats conveying refuse from Paddington Basin to dumps. Having regard to the number of children on these boats it is to be regretted that a conference arranged to consider the matter was fruitless.

The carriage of motor spirit in bulk on canal boats is being carefully watched so that adequate precautions may be recommended if thought desirable, particularly in the event of the introduction of new types of boats for this traffic.

Inspection and Supervision of Food.

MILK GRADING.

The following statement shows the numbers of licences for the sale of milk under special designations in force in England on the 31st March in each of the past three years and indicates that the demand for milk of high hygienic quality continues to increase :

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* These licences are granted by Local Authorities. The figures given are those reported to the Department, and may not be quite complete.

In the course of the year the licences of four producers of Certified Milk were revoked on account of the continued failure of the milk to conform to the prescribed bacterial standard, and the licences of three producers of Grade A (Tuberculin Tested) Milk were revoked on account of other breaches of the prescribed conditions.

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