Interest in bankruptcy, ii. 488.
distinction between contract for re-
ducing and contract for increasing,
iii, 432.

Interested witness, iii, 370.
Interlineation in deed, ii, 308.

presumption of law as to the making,
ii, 308, n.

Interlocutory judgment, iii, 396, 448.
decrees, iii, 101, 452.
Interpleader, iii, 300, n.

by a sheriff, iii, 417, n.
in equity, iii, 448.

Interpretation of law, i, 58.

rules for, i, 60, 62.

Jeofails, statutes of, iii, 407; iv, 375, 439.
Jersey, Isle of, i, 106.
Jetsam, i, 293; iii, 106.
Jew bill, i, 375.
Jews, iv, 373.

exclusion of, i, 375.

appointment of guardian by, i, 462, n.
legal protection to, i, 425.

maintenance of their protestant chil-
dren, i, 449.

marriages of, i, 435, n.

may now sit in parliament, i, 157, n.,
375, n.

relief from disabilities, i, 157, n., 375,
n.; iv, 443, n.

writ of error from superior courts of,
iii, 410, n.

relief from forfeitures of leases in,
iii, 435.

disestablishment of state church of,
iv, 443, n.

Irish peerages, i, 100, n., 154, n.
Irons to secure prisoners, iv, 300, 322.
Irrepealable laws, i, 91, n.
Islands, title to new, ii, 261.
Isle of Man, laws of, i, 105.
Isle of Ely, i, 119.

Issuable terms, iii, 353.
Issue, collateral, iv, 396.

in criminal cases, iv, 399.
joinder of, iii, 315; iv, 340.
tender of, iii, 312, 314.

of fact, when said to be joined, iii,

315.

importance of, iii, 357, n.

directed by court of equity, iii, 452.
on distringas, iii, 280.
Itinerant courts, iv, 411, 422.
justices, iii, 59; iv, 422.

Jactitationis matrimonii causa, iii, 93.
Duchess of Kingston's Case, iii, 93.
Jenks, refusal to grant habeas corpus
to, iii, 135.

to the pope, iv, 108, 111.

magna charta of, i, 127; iv, 423, 425.
Joinder of issue, iii, 315.

in demurrer, iii, 115.

Joinder of actions, iii, 295, n.

Joint owner of chattel, crown cannot
be, ii, 409.

Joint tenancy, ii, 180 et seq.
dissolution of, ii, 185.

good faith required in, ii, 194, n.
Jointure, ii, 137, 180.

Judgment, title to chattels by, ii, 436.
debt by, ii, 465.

remedy by elegit, ii, 162.
origin of lien of, ii, 161.
in tort, ii, 438.

void if jurisdiction wanting, iii, 24, n.
arrest of, iii, 393, 394.

operates as a charge upon lands, iii,
419, n.

from what time it binds lands, iii, 420.
scire facias to revive, iii, 421, and n.
action of debt on, iii, 160.

jurisdiction of equity over, iii, 437.
decree in equity has the force of, iii,

453.

in criminal cases, iv, 375 et seq.

cannot be amended, id.

Judge in one's own cause, iii, 298 and n.
Judges, iii, 25, 356; iv, 440.

commissions of, i, 267.

are counsellors to the king, i, 229.
depositories of the common law, i, 69.
killing of, iv, 84.

assaults upon, iv, 125.

threats or reproaches to, iv, 126.

how counsel for prisoners, iv, 355.

are always made sergeants, iii, 26.
in equity, iii, 441, 442, 444.

punishment for misbehavior, iii, 408.
summing up of, iii, 375, n.

Judicial committee of the privy coun-
cil, i, 232, n., 280, n.; iii, 67, n.,
80, n.

its present organization, iii, 69, n.
Judicial decisions, i, 63, 64.
Judicial power, i, 267, 269; iii, 59.
not a distinct branch in England, i,
190.

Judicial establishment in United States,
iii, 61.

Judicial writs, iii, 282.
Judices ordinarii, iii, 315.
Judicium Dei, iv, 341, 342.

Judicium ferri, aquæ et ignis, iv, 344.
Jura rerum, meaning of, ii, 1.
Jure, king de, i, 204; iv, 77.
Jure divino right of kings, i, 191.
Juris utrum, writ of, iii, 252.

Jurisdiction, plea to, iii, 301; iv, 333.
criminal, i, 268.

ecclesiastical, i, 83; iii, 87.
of courts of equity, iii, 426.
original partition of, iii, 44.
encroachment of, iii, 111.

want of, renders judgments void, iii,

24, n.

Jurisprudence,

utility of study of, i, 5.
in the universities, i, 16.
Vinerian chair of, i, 26.

Jurists of the common law, i, 72.
Jurors, fining or imprisoning, iv, 361.
list of, in sheriff's office, iii, 354, n.; iv,
351.

examining, iii, 355.

challenge of, iii, 358, 362, 363; iv, 352.
qualification of, iii, 361 and n.
trial of challenge of, iii, 362.

verdict formerly on their own knowl-
edge, iii, 374.

may be sworn as witness, iii, 374.
should understand law, i, 8.

Jury, trial by, iii, 349.

its establishment in England, iii, 360.
excellence of trial by, iii, 354.
defects of trial by, iii, 381.
manner of deliberating, iii, 375.
the glory of the English law, iii, 378.
impartial administration of the law
promoted by, iii, 379.

must formerly be hundredors, iii, 358.
may retire to consider verdict, iii, 375.
special, iii, 357.

common, iii, 358.

Justice, remedy by means of the courts,
iii, 22 et seq.

neglect or refusal of, iii, 109.
offences against, iv, 127, 128.
obstructing process, iv, 129.
escapes, prison breaches and rescues,
iv, 129.

returning from transportation, iv,
132.

receiving stolen goods, &c., iv, 132.
theft-bote, iv, 133.

barratry, maintenance and cham-
perty, iv, 134, 135.

compounding criminal information,
iv, 136.

conspiracy, iv, 136.

threatening letters, and perjury, iv,

137.

bribery, embracery and false verdict,
iv, 140.

official negligence and oppression, iv,
140, 141.

homicide, in advancement of, iv, 179.
Justice-seat, court of, iii, 72.
Justices of the peace, i, 349.
appointment of, i, 350.

number and qualification, i, 352.
power and duty of, i, 353.
in the United States, 354, n.
should understand law, i, 8.
Justicies, writ of, iii, 36.
Justifiable homicide, iv, 30, 178.
Justification, plea of, iii, 306.
in slander, iii, 125.
of bail, iii, 291.
Justinian, pandects of, i, 81.

Keeper, lord, iii, 47.
Kidnaping, iv, 219.

Killing, what amounts to murder, iv,
196.

what to manslaughter, iv, 190.
(See "Homicide.")

352.

selecting, iv, 352, 355.

jury process, iv, 350.

award of tales, iv, 354.
verdict, iv, 360.

Jury, what persons exempted from

serving on, iii, 363.
unanimity of, iii, 375.

jury of women, iii, 362; iv, 365.
Jury, grand, iv, 302–306.

indictment by, iv, 303.

Jus accrescendi, ii, 180, n., 184.
Jus ad rem, ii, 212.

Jus divinum of kings, i, 204.

Jus prætorium, iii, 49.

Jus proprietatis, ii, 197.

Justice, origin of, ii, 8, n.

right to, i, 141.

king, the fountain of, i, 266.

remedy by party's own act, iii, 1 et

seq.

(See "Descent," "Executors and Ad-
ministrators.")

Kindred, degrees of, how computed, ii,
207 and n.

King, i, 190. (See "Crown.")

assent to bills, i, 184.

table of, i, 200.

lord paramount, ii, 59.

a constituent part of parliament, i
154, 261.

governs according to law, i, 233.

can do no wrong, i, 246; iii, 254; iv,
32.

councils of, i, 227.

dignity of, i, 241.

duties of, i, 226.

sovereignty of, i, 233, 241.

cannot be sued, i, 242.

title of, i, 190.

ubiquity of, i, 270.

expenditures of, i, 334, 335.

103

prerogative of, i, 237.

representative capacity, i, 252.

King, jurisdiction of exchequer in mat-
ters concerning, iii, 420.

palaces of, contempts against, iv, 124.
person of, contempts against, iv, 123.
prerogative of, contempts against, iv,

122.

felonies against, iv, 98.

counterfeiting seals of, iv, 83, 89, 92, n.
levying war against, iv, 123.
refusing to advise or assist, iv, 122.
can do no wrong, i, 243-246; iii, 254.
personal irresponsibility of, iii, 254.

iv, 76.

adhering to enemies of, iv, 82.
contempts against government of, iv,

123.

against courts of, iv, 124.

counterfeiting money of, iv, 84, 98,
100, n.

all lands held of, ii, 51.
right to mines, ii, 18.
royal fish, ii, 403.

titles to chattels by prerogative, ii,
408, 505..

cannot be joint owner with subject,
ii, 409.

prerogative copyright, ii, 410.
property in game, ii, 410.

may take a chattel by succession, ii,
432.

ancient jewels of, are heir-looms, ii,
428.

prerogative presentation to a living,
ii, 24, n.

no lapse of time bars right to present
by, ii, 277.

mortuary on death of bishop, ii, 413,
426.

forfeitures of lands to, ii, 267.

no general occupancy against, ii, 259.
words of limitation in grants to, ii,
109.

descent of crown to half-blood, ii,
253.

not bound by sale in market overt, ii,
449.

grants by, ii, 308, 346.
restrictions on alienations by, ii,
346, n.

mistake or deceit, ii, 348.

cannot grant monopolies except for
inventions, ii, 407.

revenue extraordinary of, i, 306.
ordinary revenue, i, 281.

royal family of, i, 219, 225.

seals of, ii, 346; iii, 47.

suits formerly discontinued by de-
mise of, iii, 295.

when preferred to other creditors, iii,
420 and n.

judgment of, affects all lands of his
officers, iii, 420.

neither pays nor receive costs, iii,
400.

exceptions, iii, 400, n.

not fixed to certain place, iii, 41.
jurisdiction of, iii, 41.

fiction of defendant being in custody,
iii, 42, n.

from what courts a court of appeal,
iii, 43 and n.

writ of error from, to exchequer
chamber, iii, 43 and n.

process in, by original, iii, 284.
by bill of Middlesex, iii, 285.
by latitat, iii, 285.
justices of, killing, iv, 84.
King's counsel, iii, 27.
King's silver, ii, 350.

Knight, tenure of lands by, ii, 62.
bachelor, i, 404.
banneret, i, 403.
of the bath, i, 403.
of the garter, i, 410.

to be returned on a lord's jury, iii, 359.
of the shire, i, 176.
Knighthood, i, 404; ii, 69; iv, 437.
Knight's fee, i, 404: ii, 62.
Knight service, ii, 62, 74.

Labor, the origin of property, ii, 5.
punishment by, iv, 370, 371, 377.
Laborers, i, 407, 426.

Laches of infants, i, 465.

not imputable to the crown, i, 247.
Læsæ majestatis crimen, iv, 75, 79.
Læsione fidei, suit pro, iii, 52.
Laity, i, 396.

Lancaster, county palatine of, i, 117,

119.

court of duchy and county of, iii, 78,
429.

practice of court of common pleas of,
iii, 79, n.

Land, what is, ii, 16, 19.

original and ultimate ownership of,
ii, 59, n.

license to occupy, ii, 279, n.
left by sea or river, ii, 261.
history of right to alien, ii, 287.
re-entry on, iii, 4.

limitation of actions to recover, iii,

178, n.

in the eye of the law is always en-
closed, iii, 209.

possession of, sufficient to maintain

trespass against strangers, iii, 210, n.

Lease to an alien, ii, 293.
defeasance of, ii, 327.
distinction between assignments and
underleases, ii, 327, n.

relief from forfeiture, iii, 435.
and release, ii, 339.

entry and ouster, iii, 204.
Leases, statute of, ii, 118.

Lectures, copyright in, ii, 407, n.
Leet, iv, 273, 411, 424.

Legacies, ii, 512; iii, 98.

suits for in ecclesiastical courts, iii,
98.

in chancery, iii, 98, n.
lapsed, ii, 513.

when vested, ii, 513, n.
payable in future, ib.
interest upon, ib.

(See "Wills.")

Legal memory, i, 67; ii, 31.

Legal proceedings, wherein their un-
certainty consists, and to what owing,
iii, 325.

Legal tender, i, 277, and n.
Legatine constitutions, i, 82.
Legislative power, i, 51, 53, 147.
supremacy of, i, 52,

cannot be delegated, i, 52, n.

how restrained in America, i, 52, n.,
58, n., 89, n.

one legislature cannot limit power of
subsequent, i, 91, n.

how far controllable, i, 161.
Legislature.

(See "Legislative Power," "Parlia
ment.")

Legitimacy, i, 446.

presumption of, i, 447.

English and Scotch laws respecting,
ii, 248, n.

Letter missive, iii, 445.

for electing a bishop, i, 379.

Letters, stealing of, iv, 235.

sending threatening, iv, 144.

opening in the postoffice, i, 322, n.
copyright in, ii, 407, n.

Letters of marque, i, 258, 259, n.
Letters patent, ii, 346.

scire facias, for repeal of, iii, 260, 261.
for inventions, ii, 407.

Levant and couchant, meaning of, iii,

8, n., 239.

Levari facias, iii, 417.

Levitical degrees, i, 438.

Levying money without consent of par-
liament, i, 140.

Levying war against the king, iv, 81.

Lewdness, iv, 64.

Lex mercatoria, i, 76.

Lex talionis, iv, 12.

Libel, remedies for, iii, 125.

Libel, what kind indictable, and how,
iv, 150.

blasphemous, iv, 59.

on king and government, iv, 123.
on judges, &c., iv, 150.

how far things imputed must be
criminal, iv, 150.

malice in, ib.

what publication necessary, ib.
modes of prosecution, iv, 151.
trial of, ib.

in newspaper, proof of, iv, 150.
judgment and punishment, iv, 151.
in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 100.
Liberam legem, losing, iii, 340, 404; iv,
348.

Liberam tenementum, ii, 104; iii, 214.
Liberties or franchises, ii, 167.

English charters of, i, 127-129.

Liberty, civil, i, 6, 125, 251.

natural, i, 125.

personal, i, 134.

political, i, 6, 125, 251.
of the press, iv, 151.

personal, injuries to, and criminal
assault, iii, 127; iv, 21.

License to erect buildings, ii, 297, n.
of mortmain, ii, 269.

of alienation, ii, 72.

to administer oaths, iii, 59.
marriage, i, 439.

of law distinguished from private
license, iii, 213, n.

wine, i, 289.

from the pope, iv, 115.

implied, to enter on lands, iii, 212.
Licensing of books, iv, 152, 439.
Licentia loquendi, iii, 299.

concordandi, ii, 350.

Liege, i, 367.

Lien of vendor of goods, ii, 449, n.
of bailee, ii, 453, n.

Lieutenant, lord, of Ireland, i, 412; iv,
272.

Life, i, 129.

action for deprivation of, iii, 119.
distinction between natural and civil,
ii, 121.

presumption of death, ii, 177, n.
compelling production of cestui que
vie, ii, 177.

i, 164.

actionable words, iii, 123.

truth as a defence, iii, 126, n.

apology in mitigation of damages, ib.

Limbs, i, 130; iii, 121, 333.

(See "Mayhem.")

Limitation and condition distinguished,
ii, 155.