61445
JAN S 1902
K 45L
+856
1895
OF THE REDRESS OF PRIVATE WRONGS BY THE MERE ACT OF THE PARTIES.
wrongs are divisible into private wrongs and public wrongs,......
private wrongs or civil injuries are an infringement or privation of the private
or civil rights belonging to individuals, considered as individuals,..
for their redress courts of justice are instituted,...
the redress is effected, 1, by the mere act of the parties; 2, by mere opera-
tion of law; 3, by suit or action in courts,....
redress by the mere act of the parties is, 1, that from the act of the in-
jured party only; 2, that from the joint act of all the parties,.......
of the first sort are:
1. defence of one's self, and those who stand in the relation of hus-
band and wife, parent and child, master and servant.......
2. recaption of goods wrongfully taken, or wife, child or servant
wrongfully detained,...
8. entry on lands and tenements occupied by another without right,
4. abatement or removal of nuisance,...
a court is a place where justice is judicially administered,.
the power to hold which is derived from the king, who, in contemplation of
law, is always present,...
against the truth of which records nothing can be averred,.
other courts are not of record, and have limited power,..
in every court there are three constituent parts, the actor, the rous, and the
judex,..
also in superior courts, attorneys and advocates, or counsel,
the advocates are either barristers or sergeants,.
some of whom are king's counsel,.
they cannot maintain action for fees,
their privileges and responsibilities,..
8. the hundred court, a larger species of court-baron,.
4. the county court, incident to the jurisdiction of the sheriff,.......
the new county courts,...
5. the court of common pleas, or common bench...
held by judges appointed by the king, with jurisdiction in all civil
7. the court of exchequer,....
which has general control of inferior jurisdictions and corporations,
and cognizance of civil and criminal causes,...
but its equity powers are of chief consequence,
historical view thereof,.
9. the court of exchequer chamber, which is a court of appeal,.
10. the house of peers,.
11. the courts of assize and nisi prius,.
OF COURTS ECCLESIASTICAL, MILITARY AND MARITIME,
history of the ccclesiastical courts,...
8. the court of arches, a court of appeal belonging to the archbishop of Can-
terbury,.....
transfer of jurisdiction to matrimonial and probate courts,.
of military courts, the only permanent one is the court of chivalry,.
maritime courts have authority to determine all maritime injuries arising upon the
high seas or in parts out of the reach of the common law,...
they are only the court of admiralty and its courts of appeal,..
8. testamentary causes, which are the probate of wills, the granting of ad-
ministrations and suing for legacies,..
these courts proceed according to the civil and canon laws, and enforce their de-
crees by excommunication,..
civil injuries cognizable in the court military or court of chivalry are injuries in
matters of honor, and encroachments upon distinctions of degrees and quality,. 103
civil injuries cognizable by the courts maritime are such as are committed on the
high sea, or out of the reach of common-law remedies,.
their proceedings resemble those of the civil law,.
civil injuries are to the rights of persons or to the rights of property,...
injuries to the rights of persons are, 1, to the absolute, 2, to the relative rights,
the absolute rights of individuals are, 1, personal security, 2, personal liberty,
8, private property,...
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