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5. The ENGLISH GARDENER; or, 16. MARTENS'S LAW OF NAa Treatise on the situation, soil, euclosing and TIONS.-This is the Book which was the laying out, of Kitchen Gardens; on the mak- foundation of all the knowledge that I have ing and managing of Hot-beds and Green-ever possessed relative to public law. The houses; and on the propagation and cultiva Price is 178., and the manner of its execution is, tion of all sorts of Kitchen Garden Plants, and I think, such as to make it fit for the Library of Fruit Trees, whether of the Garden or the of any Gentleman. Orchard. And also, on the formation of Shrubberies and Flower Gardens. Price 6s. 6. THE WOODLANDS; or, a Treatise on the preparing of the ground for planting; on the planting, on the cultivating, on the pruning, and on the cutting down, of Forest Trees and Underwoods. Price 14s. bound in boards.

7. SERMONS.-There are twelve of these, in one volume, on the following sub jects: 1. Hypocrisy and Cruelty; 2. Drunkenness; 3. Bribery; 4. Oppression; 5. Unjust Judges; 6. The Sluggard; 7. The Murderer; 8. The Gamester; 9. Public Robbery; 10. The Unnatural Mother; 11. The Sin of Forbidding Marriage; 12. On the Duties of Parsons, and on the Institution and Object of Tithes. Price

3s. 6d. bound in boards,

A Thirteenth Sermon, entitled "GOOD FRIDAY; or, The Murder of Jesus Christ by the Jews." Price 6d.

8. TULL'S HORSE-HOEING HUSBANDRY; or, a Treatise on the Principles of Tillage and Vegetation. With an In troduction, by WM. COBBETT. 8vo. Price 15s.

9. PAPER AGAINST GOLD; or, the History and Mystery of the National Debt, the Bank of England, the Funds, and all the Trickery of Paper Money. The Price of this book, very nicely printed, is 5s.

10. POOR MAN'S FRIEND. A new edition. Price 8d.

11. THE LAW OF TURNPIKES. By William Cobbett, Juu., Student of Lincoln's Inn. Price 3s. 6d. boards.

12. FRENCH GRAMMAR; or, Plain Instructious for the Learning of French. Price bound in boards, 5s.

13. THE EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. Just now Published; under this Title, a little Volume, containing Ten Letters, addressed to English Tax-payers. A new edition, with a Postscript, containing an account of the Prices of Houses and Land, recently obtained from America by Mr. Cobbett. Price 2s. 6d. in bds.

14. MR. JAMES PAUL COBBETT'S RIDE OF EIGHT HUNDRED MILES IN FRANCE. Second Edition. Price 2s. 6d.

15. ROMAN HISTORY, French and English, intended, not only as a History for Young People to read, but as a Book of Exercises to accompany my French Grammar. Two Volumes. Price 13s. in boards.

17. LETTERS FROM FRANCE: containing Observations made in that Country during a Residence of Two Months in the South, and Three Months at Paris. By JOHN M. COBBETT. Price 4s. in boards.

18. A TREATISE ON COBBETT'S CORN; containing Instructions for Propagating and Cultivating the Plant, aud for an account of the several uses to which the Harvesting and Preserving the Crop; and also Produce is applied. Price 2s. 6d.

19. PROTESTANT "REFORMATION" in England and Ireland, showing how that event has impoverished and degraded the main body of the people in those countries. Two volumes, bound in boards. The Price of

the first volume is 4s. 6d. The Price of the
second volume 3s. 6d.

Lately published, Price 4s. 6d., extra boards,
JOURNAL

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In the Press.

A GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.-This Work, which has been so long in hand, is now in the Press. It will contain the Name, Situation, &c., of every Parish, and even of every Hamlet; it will contain a description, and an Account of the Country; also of each County; and will, I trust, convey more useful information on this subject, than has ever been conveyed in all other books put together. It is not a book made to flatter fools, nor to hide the doings of public robbers: it is to convey a mass of important truths; its object is to make the English reader well acquainted with all that he need know about his own country. The precise bulk and price of the Book I cannot yet state; but I imagine that it will be a Thick Duodecimo Volume (six or seven hundred pages), and that the Price will be from Eleven to Thirteen Shillings.

To be had at No. 11, Bolt-court Fleet-street.

THE BALLOT

Weekly Newspaper,

EDITED BY MR. WAKLEY.

THE BALLOT is at once one of the largest and by far the most original Newspaper in London. Two-thirds of its contents are generally entirely original matter, and the Publisher does not hesitate to say, that it has established for itself a character such as is possessed by no other Weekly Journal in the metropolis. Mr. WAKLEY established this Paper in order that another might be added to the very small number of those po- . litical publications which dare to send forth THE TRUTH. The unprecedented success which has attended its publication, is the best proof that the want of such a journal was deeply felt by the English public.

The efforts of the Editor, whose views on public men and public affairs are communicated in the boldest and most uncompromising manner, are seconded by the articles and correspondence of some of the most distinguished political characters of the age, Just published, the third Edition, Price 6d., who have selected THE BALLOT as the most LEGAL ARGUMENT, showing that independent medium for addressing the pubA TITHES are the PROPERTY of the lic. In order that the English public may

TITHES.

PUBLIC and of the POOR, by WILLIAM know the true state of affairs in France, the EAGLE, of the Middle Temple, Esq., Barris-Editor has established a correspondent in ter at Law.

In this Edition, the Author proposes a plan for exacting justice from the possessors of Tithes, the adoption of which is earnestly recommended to the immediate consideration of the people of England.

Saunders and Benning, 43, Fleet-street, and all

Booksellers.

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Paris, whose connexions, being of the highest character, euable him to communicate intelligence not generally within the reach of public Journalists. Gentlemen of great skill and learning have been engaged in all the critical departments of the Paper, and means have been taken to secure for each edition the very latest news and most copious intelligence up to the hours of publication. In fiue, the advantages offered by THE BALLOT may be summed up as follows :

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A HISTORY OF THE WORLD FOR THE WEEK.

THE BALLOT, price 7d., is published at THE 180 LANCET OFFICE, 210, Strand, every Saturday A Plain Suit of Livery.. 4 40 afternoon, at Three o'clock, and may be reLadies' Habits and Pelisses, and every deceived, free of postage, upwards of 100 Miles scription of Clothing for young gentlemen, from London by Eight o'clock on Sunday equally cheap. The whole made from goods morning; an Edition is published with the of the finest quality; and the cUT and WORK-latest Intelligence early every Sunday mornMANSHIP not to be surpassed. ing for Town circulation. Orders received at the Office, or by any Newsman.

I recommend Messrs. Swain and Co. as very good and punctual tradesmen,

whom I have long employed with great Printed by William Cobbett, Johnson's-court, and satisfaction.

WM. COBBETT.

published by him, at 11, Bolt-court, Fleet-street.

VOL. 74.-No. 9.] LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 26TH, 1831.

TO THE

FARMERS AND TRADESMEN,
On the Arming of Persons of Property.

Kensington, 25th November, 1831.

[Price Is. 2d.

consultation amongst the tradesmen upon the best means of defending the town, the tanner said, "If you have a

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mind to have the town well secured, "take my word for it there is nothing "like leather;" and we now hear the publishers of the London daily papers, whenever they hear of a riot or a fire, whenever they hear of a workhousekeeper or an overseer's head being broken, or a tread-mill being demolished, burst out in indignant rage that the poor creatures that commit the violences cannot get a London broadsheet to read. Judging from my own feelings, I should say that it is happy for the FARMERS AND TRADESMEN, grinders and the starvers that the workTHE winter before last, LORD STAN-ing people do not get these sheets to HOPE said, in his place in the House of read, for the effect which the reading of Peers, that there was rising up in the them has upon me invariably is to fill country a general hatred of the poor me with revenge and with rage; and towards the rich; and he suggested the to such a degree, that, if I could be propriety of measures being adopted in induced to set fire, the reading of these time to correct this mighty evil. It was at once stupid and atrocious publications not rising up: it had risen up long would urge me on to the act; and opebefore. It is, indeed, an evil far sur- rating on me as the music of Timotheus passing in magnitude any other that I did upon Alexander, I really am ready, can conceive: it has led to all the hor- sometimes, upon flinging down their rible scenes which we have been be- mass of paragraphs, to seize a flambeau, holding during the last fifteen months, and rush out to burn up the whole of this and yet never do we hear from any infernal Wen, this collection of filth, persons in power any-thing to make us moral as well as physical, this poisoner hope that they mean even to propose of the mind and destroyer of the bodies any-thing tending to put a stop to this of the whole kingdom; but, above all evil, of which they do not appear to things, this collection and amalgamation have the smallest idea of the real cause. of literary conceit, corruption, and stuTotally ignorant of the causes of the pidity. evil, they look upon all the discontents of the working people as being unreasonable and unjust: rejecting all the evidence of facts, they attribute the loud complaints and the violent acts of the working people entirely to their bad disposition, to their laziness, their greediness, their dishonest propensities, and, which is very curious, they, at one and the same time, ascribe their violent acts to want of education, and to the reading of cheap publications. The fable of the town in danger of being taken by an enemy tells us that, upon a

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Never looking at the true causes of the evil; brutal enough to believe that the people would have their minds changed and be made as quiet as they were formerly by being generally what these stupid men call educated; being brutal enough to believe this, at the same time that they are making reports which show that, where one working man could read and write formerly, twenty can now; being so stupid as this; but finding that the education, as they call it, does not tend to produce that submission which they teach, they have reENCE

PARK and ALDERSON, with whom were
associated in this Special Commission,
Denman, Wilde, Wellington, Pollen, and
Sturges Bourne.

course to the last remedy known to the minds of such men; namely, to punishment in all its shapes, forms, and degrees of severity. Jails of a new sort, dungeons of a new sort, hanging in a I could enumerate, if I had time, new fashion and in new places, and in more than three hundred instances, in some cases on the tops of the new which the criminal code has been hardjails; the treadmill, the hulks, and an ened during the time that Sir JEMMY endless variety of new modes of inflict- MACKINTOSH has been receiving the ing punishment. The progress has been praises of the hypocrites and fools for very curious. As the taxes increased, the softening which he has produced in the working people became poor and it. At last, the very word liberty, as miserable. Exactly in proportion to the applied to the state of things in England, increase of taxes has been the increase has become ridiculous. Peel's new of the poverty and the misery; exactly traspass law has made it unsafe for any in proportion to these has been the in- poor man to set his foot upon any spot crease of larcenies and felonies. The of earth except the mere high-way. old laws provided imprisonment and Suppose an Englishman to be walking transportation for the larger part of along the turnpike road, and, pressed by these; but a prison was a paradise com- feelings of nature and of decency, to get pared to starvation and sleeping under over the gate of a field; slap comes the a hedge; and though transportation farmer under Peel's new trespass law, took a man from his kindred and friends, seizes him by the throat and drags him it took him also to something to eat away as a malefactor. To shun the and to drink and to wear. To the prison, penalties of Peel, he is compelled to set therefore, the dungeon and the tread- decency at defiance; but as nature will mill were added, as improvements of not be defied, he reluctantly yields to the age; and instead of transportation an exposure of the person; slap comes it became necessary in numerous cases the informer with Chetwind's exposure to inflict death. To check rioting and act in his hand, and off he drags him to poaching, ELLENBOROUGH's act, impro- fine and imprisonment. Duly sensible ved by LANSDOWN, made it death even of both these dangers, on he goes carryto strike a man, without doing him any ing with him the consequences of his bodily harm, if the jury should de- salutary fears; and slap comes upon termine that the striking was with intent him the surveyor of the highways, who to do him grievous bodily harm. It indicts him as a filthy nuisance; so that was upon this act that HENRY COOK, of all the slaves that the earth was ever the ploughman of Micheldever, was ashamed to bear, the free-born Enhanged for striking BINGHAM BARING.glishman is become the most perfect. -Cook was one of a party of labourers Yet to carry on the system of pension, who were going about demolishing thrashing-machines. BINGHAM BARING, with a party of his men, went up to the party to which Cook belonged, and seized one of them by the collar, upon which Cook, with a little sledge-hammer, which he was carrying about for the purpose of demolishing machines, gave BARING a blow, which did him no bodily harm whatever, he, Baring, being out on horseback the next day. For this Cook was hanged by the neck till he was dead, prosecuted by DENMAN and WILDE, and sentenced to death by VAUGHAN, the two other Judges being

sinecure, grant, retired allowance, debt and dead-weight, such abrogation of the liberties of the people was absolutely necessary: it is impossible for a people to enjoy any-thing worthy of the name of civil liberty, and to be made to live upon potatoes at the same time: that is impossible: it is impossible to make English working people live upon potatoes without Peel's new felony laws, Peel's new trespass laws; without Ellenborough's and Lansdown's act, and without a standing army in time of peace, as great, or greater, than in time of war.

But even these are not suffi、

cient; for in comparison with starvation, who are not renters or owners to the English people will set even hanging at amount of twenty pounds a year? What defiance, besides which, hanging the are all these armings for? Against parties will not restore that which they whom is all this arming? You cannot have taken away. So that, at last, it answer: you could if you would, but becomes necessary to superintend their you will not. movements day and night. Hence the It is certain that the armings cannot half-military police, of which there are be against the Government, because the now thousands prowling about this Government is the object to support hellish and all-devouring wen. Hence which the arming people state that they the new and monstrous power of swear-have in view; and because, in the case ing in special constables, and thus en- of Chelsea, at any rate, the Government rolling beforehand the tradesmen in sanctions the armings. It cannot be towns against the working people in against the middle class, because it is the towns. Even this is now found not the middle class who are called upon to to be enough; and, therefore, there are arm. It cannot be against the nobility, projects for actually arming persons of and gentry, and parsons, because they property in the towns; actually fur- are too few and too feeble of body to be nishing them with arms by the Go- able to make a physical attack on any vernment! class of the people. It must, then, be And FOR WHAT is all this? For against the working people, or such what have we now a permanent stand- part of them at least as may be dising army of more than a hundred thou-posed to commit acts of violence. And sand men? For what have we yeo- then comes the question, Is this ill-dismanry cavalry corps paid out of the posed part of the working people so taxes? Against whom are persons of numerous as to render all this arming property in the towns now to be armed? necessary? If it be so numerous, pretty The yeomanry cavalry and the volun- perilous is our state. The arming can teering, in the brilliant times of PITT, not be necessary for the protection of DUNDAS, and GRENVILLE, men could the middle class; and it then must be understand. Fools regarded them as for the protection of somebody else; and necessary in Yorkshire to keep the who that somebody is may very easily French from landing in Sussex and be guessed at. It is very curious, that, Kent. Fools regarded them as abso- during the time of Pitt and Co., the lutely necessary to keep atheism out of VOLUNTEERS were taken from amongst England. Men of experience and sense shopmen, porters, journeyman melooked upon the dread of the French as chanics, and labourers; and that, even a mere pretence for these armings, and in the corps of "yeomanry there were also for bringing the German troops into many carpenters, bricklayers, and other England and Ireland; but, at any rate, persons, living by their daily labour. there was a pretence, which there is not But now, MONEY'S WORTH is made now. If you asked the Government the standard of qualification! and we then what all that arming was for, why hear hardly a word about the militia! farmers and tradesmen were turned into The difference is remarkable, and it can soldiers, the answer was, "The French! be ascribed only to this: that Pitt and The French!" That was the answer of Co.'s people were fighting against athePITT, DUNDAS, and GRENVILLE. But, ism, and in defence of our holy reLord Grey, I ask you, what this thun-ligion," as JoHN BOWLES, of Dutchdering army in time of peace is for? commission memory, used to say; and What have you augmented that army that the Whigs' people are to be prefor what are the yeomanry cavalry pared to fight against somethin7, and in for? what are the town armings for? defence of some other thing else! Every what, for instance, is that of Chelsea one had a soul to be saved, but every one for, where the plan, signed by two of has not house, or land, or goods; so the your magistrates, is to exclude all men Whigs' people make a selection in their

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