M. MACA, I. a people of Africa who occupied the coast to the northwest of and near the Greater Syrtis. They are thought to have been the same with those named Syrtites by Pliny. Herodotus states that they had a curious custom of leaving only a tuft of hair in the centre of their head, carefully shaving the rest, and that, when they went to war, they used the skins of ostriches instead of shields (4, 175). The river Cinyps flowed through their territory. (Compare Diod. Sic., 3, 48.)-II. A people of Arabia Deserta, on a projection of land where the Sinus Persicus is narrowest. Ptolemy calls the promontory Assabo: its modern name, however, Cape Mussendon, bears some faint resemblance to that of the Maca. (Bischoff und Möl ler, Wörterb. der Geogr., s. v.) three brothers named Gavanes, Aëropus, and Perdiccas, descended from Temenus, left Argos, their native place, in quest of fortune, and, arriving in Illyria, passed thence into Upper Macedonia, where, after experiencing some singular adventures, which Herodotus details, they at length succeeded in acquiring possession of a principality, which devolved on Perdiccas, the youngest of the brothers, who is therefore considered, both by Herodotus (8, 137) and Thucydides (2, 99), as the founder of the Macedonian dynasty. These writers have also recorded the names of the succes from his narrative.-According to many ancient writers, Macedonia was anciently called Emathia (Plin., 4, 17.-Justin, 7, 1.-Aul. Gell., 14, 6); but we also find traces of the name Macedonians, from the earliest times, under the ancient forms of Maceta (Makérat), and Macedni (Makɛdvoć). They appear to have dwelt originally in the southwestern part of Macedonia, near Mount Pindus. Herodotus says that the Do rians dwelling under Pindus were called Macedonians (1, 56.-Compare 8, 43); and, although it may for many reasons be doubted whether the Macedonians had any particular connexion with the Dorians, it may be inferred, from the statement of Herodotus, that the Macedonians once dwelt at the foot of Pindus, whence they emigrated in a northeasterly direction.-The origin of the Macedonian dynasty is a subject of some intricacy and dispute. There is one point, however, on which all the ancient authorities agree; namely, that the royal family of that country was of the race MACĂRIS, an ancient name of Crete. of the Temenida of Argos. The difference of opinMACEDONIA, a country of Europe, lying to the west ion principally regards the individual of that family to of Thrace, and north and northeast of Thessaly. The whom the honour of founding this monarchy is to be boundaries of this country varied at different times. ascribed. The account of Herodotus seems most When Strabo wrote, Macedonia included a considera-worthy of being received. According to this writer, ble part of Illyria and Thrace; but Macedonia Proper may be considered as separated from Thessaly, on the south, by the Cambunian Mountains; from Illyria, on the west, by the great mountain chain called Scardus and Bernus, and which, under the name of Pindus, also separates Thessaly from Epirus; from Moesia, on the north, by the mountains called Orbelus and Scomius, which run at right angles to Scardus; and from Thrace, on the east, by the river Strymon. The Macedonia of Herodotus, however, was still more limited, as is afterward mentioned. Macedonia Proper, as defined above, is watered by three rivers of considera-sors of this prince, though there is little to interest ble size, the Axius, Lydias, and Haliacmon, all which the reader in their history. Before the time of Philip, flow into the Sinus Thermaïcus, the modern Gulf of father of Alexander, all the country beyond the rivSaloniki. The whole of the district on the seacoast, er Strymon, and even the Macedonian peninsula from and to a considerable distance into the interior, be- Amphipolis to Thessalonica, belonged to Thrace, and tween the Axius and the Haliacmon, is very low and Paonia likewise on the north. Philip conquered this marshy. The origin and early history of the Macedo-peninsula, and all the country to the river Nessus and nians are involved in much obscurity. Some moderns Mount Rhodope; as also Pæonia and Illyria beyond have attempted, against all probability, to derive the Lake Lychnitis. Thus the widest limits of Macedoname from the Kittim mentioned in the old Testa-nia were from the Egean Sea to the Ionian, where ment (Gen. 10, 4.- Numb. 24, 24.-Jer. 2, 10.-the Drino formed its boundary. The provinces of Ezek. 27, 6.-Dan. 11, 30). This opinion appears Macedonia in the time of Philip amounted to nineteen, to have arisen, in part, from the description of the Macedonia first became powerful under this monarch, country inhabited by the Kittim, which is supposed to who, taking advantage of the strength of the country answer to Macedonia; but still more from the fact, and the warlike disposition of the inhabitants, reduced that, in the book of Maccabees, Alexander the Great Greece, which was distracted by intestine broils, in is said to have come from the land of Cheittieim (ex the battle of Charonea. His son Alexander subThe Yns XELTTIεiμ, 1 Macc. 1, 1), and Perses is called dued Asia, and by an uninterrupted series of victories king of the Kittians (KITTIέwv, 1 Macc. 8, 5).—In in- for ten successive years, made Macedonia, in a short quiring into the early history of the Macedonians, two time, the mistress of half the world. After his death, questions, which are frequently confounded, ought to this immense empire was divided. Macedonia rebe carefully kept distinct, namely, the origin of the ceived anew its ancient limits, and, after several batMacedonian people, and that of the Macedonian mon-tles, lost its dominion over Greece. The alliance of archy under the Temenida; for, while there is abundant reason for believing that the Macedonian princes were descended from an Hellenic race, it appears probable that the Macedonians themselves were an Illyrian people, though the country must also have been inhabited in very early times by many Hellenic tribes. The Greeks themselves always regarded the Macedonians as barbarians, that is, as a people not of Hellenic origin; and the similarity of the manners and customs, as well as the languages, as far as they are known, of the early Macedonians and Illyrians, appear to establish the identity of the two nations. In the time of Herodotus, the name of Macedonis comprehended only the country to the south and west of the Lydias, for he observes that Macedonis was separated from Bottiæis by the united mouth of the Lydias and Haliacmon (Herod., 7, 127). How far inland Herodotus conceived that Macedonia extended, does not appear Philip II. with Carthage, during the second Punic war, gave occasion to this catastrophe. The Romans delayed their revenge for a season; but, Philip having laid siege to Athens, the Athenians called the Romans to their aid; the latter declared war against Macedonia; Philip was compelled to sue for peace, to surrender his vessels, to reduce his army to 500 men, and defray the expenses of the war. Perseus, the successor of Philip, having taken up arms against Rome, was totally defeated at Pydna by Paulus Æmilius, and the Romans took possession of the country. Indignant at their oppression, the Macedonian nobility and the whole nation rebelled under Andriscus; but, after a long struggle, they were overcome by Quintus Cæcilius, surnamed, from his conquest, Macedonicus; the nobility were exiled, and the country became a Roman province B.C. 148. It is very difficult, however, to determine the boundaries of this Roman province of He was a soldier as well as a physician. He was wounded dangerously in the shoulder in a sally which the Trojans had made. Nestor immediately brought him back to his tent. Scarce are they entered there, before Machaon took a drink mixed with wine, in which they had put the scrapings of cheese and barley-flour. (Il., 11, 506, seqq.) What ill effects must not this mixture produce, since wine alone is very opposite to the healing of wounds! The meats which Machaon afterward used (Il., 11, 629) do not appear in any way proper for the state in which he found himself. In another part of the Iliad (4, 218) Menelaus is wounded with an arrow: they make Machaon immediately come to heal him. The son of Esculapius, after having considered the wound, sucks the blood, and puts on it a dressing to appease the pain. Homer does not specify what entered into that dressing. It was only composed, according to all appearances, of some bitter roots. This conjecture is founded on the following circumstance: in the description which the poet gives of the healing of such a wound, he says expressly that they applied to the wound the juice of a bitter herb bruised (11, 845). It appears that this was the only remedy which they knew. The virtue of these plants is to be styptic." To what is here said may be added the remarks of an eminent physician of our own country. It appears that the practice of Machaon and Podalirius was very much confined to the removal of the darts and arrows with which wounds had been inflicted, and afterward to the application of fomentations and styptics to the wounded parts; for, when the heroes recorded by Homer were in other respects severely injured, as in the case of Æneas, whose thigh-bone was broken by a stone thrown by Diomede, he makes no mention of any other than supernatural means employed for their relief." (Hosack's Medical Essays, vol. 1, p. 38.) Macedonia. According to the "Epitomizer" of Stra- | Eng. transl.), "was himself a very able physician. bo (lib. 7), it was bounded by the Adriatic on the west; on the north by the mountains of Scardus, Orbelus, Rhodope, and Hæmus; on the south by the Via Egnatia; while on the east it extended as far as Cypsela and the mouth of the Hebrus. But this statement with respect to the southern boundary of Macedonia cannot be correct, since we know that the province of Macedonia was bounded on the south by that of Achaia; and although it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to fix the precise boundaries of these provinces, yet it does not appear that Achaia extended farther north than the south of Thessaly. -Macedonia now forms part of Turkey in Europe, under the name of Makedonia or Filiba Vilajeti, and contains about 700,000 inhabitants, consisting of Walachians, Turks, Greeks, and Albanians. The southeastern part is under the pacha of Saloniki; the northern under beys or agas, or forms free communities. The capital Saloniki, the ancient Thessalonica, is a commercial town, and contains 70,000 inhabitants.-Ancient Macedonia was a mountainous and woody region, the riches of which consisted chiefly in mines of gold and silver; the coasts, however, produced corn, wine, oil, and fruits. Modern Macedonia is said to possess a soil more fruitful than the richest plains of Sicily, and there are few districts in the world so fertile as the coast of Athos or the ancient Chalcidice. The land in the valleys of Panomi and Cassandria, when grazed by the lightest plough, yields, it is said, a more abundant harvest than the finest fields in the department between the Eure and the Loire, or the granary of France; if the wheat in its green state be not browsed by sheep or cut with the scythe, it perishes by too much luxuriance. Macedonia is also famous for its cotton and tobacco, and its wines are some of them equal to those of Burgundy. (Malte-Brun, Geogr, vol. 6, p. 156, seqq., Eng. transl. -Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 164, seqq.-Encycl. Us. Knowl., vol. 14, p. 241.)--For a list of the ancient kings of Macedonia, with remarks on their reign, consult Clinton's Fasti Hellenici, p. 221, seqq., 2d ed. MACER, I. a Latin poet, a native of Verona. He was the author of a poem on birds, entitled Ornithogonia, and of another on snakes, under the title of Theriaca. This last was an imitation, in some degree, of the Theriaca of Nicander. (Quint., Inst. Or., 10, 1, 56.-Spalding, ad Quint., Inst. Or., 6, 3, 96.) We have no remains of either of these works. The poem De Herbarum virtutibus, commonly ascribed to him, is now regarded as a production of the middle ages. (Gyrald., Dial., 4, p. 217, segg. Broukhus., ad Tibull., p. 274.-Veesenmyer, Bibliogr. Analekt., p. 84.)-II. A friend of Ovid's, who wrote a continuation of the Iliad, and also an Antehomerica. He has been frequently confounded with the preceding, but flourished, in truth, at a later period. The former died in Asia, B.C. 17. (Compare the remarks of Wernsdorff, Poet. Lat. Min., vol. 4, p. 579, seqq.) MACRA, a river flowing from the Apennines, and dividing Liguria from Etruria, now the Magra. (Lucan, 2, 426.-Liv., 39, 32.) The Arnus formed the southern boundary of Liguria until the reign of Augustus. (Plin., 3, 5.) MACRIANUS, Titus Fulvius Julius, a Roman, who, from a private soldier, rose to the highest command in the army, and proclaimed himself emperor when Valerian had been made prisoner by the Persians, A.D. 260. He is one of the so-called "thirty tyrants" of later Roman history, but appears to have been, as far as we can judge from his brief period of authority, an able prince. Macrianus was proclaimed emperor along with his two sons Macrianus (Junior) and Quietus. When he had supported his dignity for a year in the eastern parts of the world, Macrianus marched towards Rome to crush Gallienus, who had been proclaimed emperor. He was defeated in Illyricum by the lieutenant of Gallienus, and put to death with his elder son, A.D. 262. (Treb. Poll., Vit. Macrian.) MACRINUS, I. M. Opilius Severus, a native of MauMACHANIDAS, a powerful tyrant of Sparta, whose ritania, was prætorian prefect under Caracalla, whom views at one time extended to the subjugation of all he accompanied in his expedition against the ParthiPeloponnesus. He was defeated and slain by Philo-ans, and caused to be murdered on the march. Mapomen in battle near Mantinea. (Plut., Vit. Philop.) crinus was immediately proclaimed emperor by the MACHAON, a celebrated physician, son of Escula- army, A.D. 217, and his son Diadumenianus, who was pius, and brother to Podalirius. He went to the Tro- at Antioch, was made Cæsar; both elections were jan war, where his skill in surgery and the healing art confirmed by the senate. Macrinus, after a battle with proved of great service to his countrymen. Machaon the Parthians near Nisibis, concluded peace with them. was one of those shut up in the wooden horse, and is On his return to Antioch he reformed many abuses by some supposed to have fallen on the night that introduced by Caracalla. But his excessive severity Troy was taken. He received divine honours after displeased the soldiers, and an insurrection, excited death, and had a temple erected to him. (Hom., Il., by Masa, the aunt of Caracalla, broke out against 2, 731.- Virg., Æn., 2, 263.)-Schwenck derives Macrinus, who, being defeated near Antioch, fled as the name from the old verb uúxw, the root of unxavý, far as Chalcedon, where he was arrested and put to and makes it denote one who is skilful with the hand. death, A.D. 218, after a reign of about 14 months. (Andeut., p. 206.) Machaon," observes the Pres- His son Diadumenianus shared his fate. He was suc ident Goguet (Origin of Laws, &c., vol. 2, p. 267, ceeded by Heliogabalus. (Jul. Capitol., Vit. Macrin. -Herodian, 4, 12, 2, seqq.)-II. A friend of the poet Persius, to whom his second satire is inscribed. They had been fellow-students under Servilius Numanus. (Lemaire, ad Pers., Sat., 2, 1.) Library at Paris, by Hess, Hal., 1833, 8vo. Some critics have thought that the commentary we have just been considering ought to be regarded as a part of the second work of this writer, of which we are goMACROBII, a people of Ethiopia, highly celebrated ing to speak, and from which it has been detached in antiquity, and whom Herodotus has copiously de- through the carelessness of the early editors. There scribed. An expedition was undertaken against them seems no good reason for this opinion.-2. Saturnaby Cambyses, and in this way they have obtained a lium conviviorum libri septem. Likewise addressed name in history. A rumour of the vast quantity of to his son. This is a compilation after the manner of gold which they possessed determined Cambyses to the Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius: it has, however, march against them. He sent, however, beforehand the dialogue form, and is supposed to be the transcript some spies into their country, from the nation of the of a conversation which took place at table during the Ichthyophagi, as they understood their language. The celebration of the Saturnalia. The principal interloaccounts, which the neighbouring people gave, repre- cutors are a certain Vectius Prætextatus, Q. Aurelius sented the Macrobii as a tall and beautiful race, who Symmachus and his brother Flavianus, Cæcinna Dehad their own laws and institutions, and elected the cius Albinus, Avienus, a physician, a grammarian, &c. tallest among them to the dignity of king. The Ich- It contains discussions of a great variety of historical thyophagi, on asking the monarch of the Macrobians, and mythological topics, explanations of many pasto whom they brought presents as if ambassadors from sages of ancient authors, remarks on the manners and Cambyses, for what length of time his subjects lived, customs of the Romans, &c. An idea of the general were told for the space of 120 years, and sometimes nature of the work may be formed from the titles of longer. Hence the name given them by the Greek some of the chapters: Of the origin of some Roman writers of Macrobii (Makpóbiot, “long-lived"). Gold words.-Of the origin of the Saturnalia.-Of the Rowas the metal in commonest use among them, even man year and its divisions.-Proof that all the gods for the fetters of their prisoners. Herodotus adds, of fable were originally symbols of the sun.- -Of Cithat Cambyses, ou the return of his spies, immediately cero's bons mots.—Of Augustus.—Of Julia.-Details marched against the Macrobii, but was compelled to re- on the luxury of the Romans.-Observations on the turn, from want of provisions, before he had proceeded Eneid, and a comparison between Virgil and Homer. a fifth part of the way. (Herod., 3, 17, seqq.)-Bruce Why those who turn round are attacked with vertitakes the Macrobii for a tribe of the Shangallas, dwell-goes.-Why women have softer voices than men.— -Why ing in the lower part of the gold countries, Cuba and shame makes one blush.—Why bodies plunged in waNuba, on both sides of the Nile, to the north of Fazuk-ter appear larger than they really are, &c. Many la. (Travels, vol. 2, p. 554, seqq.) Heeren, how things in Macrobius are drawn from Aulus Gellius, ever, more correctly thinks, that the people in question and some from Plutarch.-3. The third work of Maare to be sought for farther south, in another region.crobius treated of the difference between the Greek None of the Shangallas, that we know of, live in cities, or have reached that degree of civilization imputed to the Macrobii. He thinks it probable, therefore, that the Macrobii of Herodotus should be sought for on the coast, or in one of the ports of Adel, and in the vicinity of Cape Guardefui. This would place them in the country of the Somaulies, who are, perhaps, their descendants. (Heeren, Ideen, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 333, seqq.) MACROBIUS, I. a Latin writer, who flourished in the first half of the fifth century, under Theodosius the Younger. His full name is Aurelius Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius. (Funcc., de veget. L. L. senect., 4, 27.- Fabric., Bib. Lat., vol. 3, p. 180.) As he was not a Roman by birth, and seeks in this an excuse for his Latin style (Sat., 1, 1), he has been regarded by some critics as a native of Greece. (Fabric., l. c., in notis.) In the manuscripts he bears the title of Vir Consularis et illustris; and from this some have concluded, that he is the same with the Macrobius mentioned in a law of the Theodosian code (lib. 6, tit. 8) as Præfectus sacri cubiculi, or chamberlain of the royal bedchamber. Other critics have remarked, however, that this office was commonly given to eunuchs, and that Macrobius the writer had a son. It is also uncertain whether Macrobius was a Christian or not. The supposition that he held the office of chamberlain under a Christian emperor has been the chief, or, perhaps, the only ground for imagining him to have been a Christian, since the language of his writings and the interlocutors in the dialogues are entirely heathen. (Consult Mahul, Dissertation sur la Vie, &c., de Macrobe.. Class. Journ., vol. 20, p. 110.)-The works of Macrobius are three in number: 1. Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis libri duo. This work is addressed to his son Eustathius. Besides an explanatory view of the Somnium Scipionis of Cicero, it contains much information respecting the opinions of the later Platonists on the laws which govern the earth and the other parts of the universe. There is a Greek version by Maxumus Planudes, which was first published, from the MS. in the King's and Latin languages, and also of their analogy: De MACRONES, a nation of Asia, occupying the northern parts of Armenia, probably between the town of Arze and the coast of the Euxine. They are mentioned in the Anabasis as one of the nations through whose territories the Greeks marched. The Macrones are called Macrocephali by Scylax (p. 33), but Pliny seems to distinguish them as two different people (6, 4). Herodotus informs us that the Macrones used circumcision, having, as they themselves reported, derived the practice from the Colchians. (Herod., 2, 104.) The natural inference to be drawn from this passage is, that the Macrones were of Colchian origin. Strabo affirms, that this people were in his time no longer called by their ancient appellation, but were named Sanni (Strab., 548); and Eustathius, who confirms this statement, writes the word Tzani, according_to the more modern Greek orthography (ad Dionys. Pe rieg., 766). Cramer thinks, that the modern name of Djanik is a corruption of Sannice. (Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 286.) MADAURA, a city of Numidia, near Tagaste, and I deni, Gadeni, Selgovæ, Novanta, and Damnii. (Dio northwest of Sicca. It appears to have been a place Cass., 76, 12.) of some importance, and, in the Notitia Numidia, Pru- MECENAS, CAIUS CILNIUS, was descended, it is dentius Metaurensis is named as its bishop. It is com- said, from Elbius Volterrenus, one of the Lucumones monly regarded as the birthplace of Apuleius, though of Etruria, who fell in the battle at the lake VadimoMannert is in favour of the Roman colony Ad Medera.nis, A.U.C. 445, which finally brought his country No traces of Madaura remain. In an inscription of under total subjection to the Romans. His immeGruter's (p. 600, n. 10), the name of the city is given diate ancestors were Roman knights, who, having been as Medaura. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 10, pt. 2, p. at length incorporated into the state, held high com321.) mands in the army (Horat., Sat., 1, 6, 3), and Mæce-b MEANDER, a river of Asia Minor, rising near Celæ- nas would never consent to leave their class to be ennæ in Phrygia, and, after forming the common bound-rolled among the senators: but he was proud (as may ary between Lydia and Caria, falling into the Egean be conjectured from its frequent mention by the poets) below the promontory of Mycale. It was remarkable of his supposed descent from the old Etrurian princes. for the winding nature of its course (σkoλiòç veç It is not known in what year he was born, or in what vneрbokýv.-Strabo, 577), and hence all obliquities manner he spent his youth; but Meibomius (Macenas, or windings took the name of Mæander. (Strab., l. c.) L. Bat., 1653, 4to) conjectures that he was educated It received the waters of various streams, the Marsyas, at Apollonia, along with Augustus and Agrippa; and Orgas, &c., but was not remarkable for its size as far that this formed the commencement of their memora as regarded breadth, though a deep river, and fordable ble friendship. He is not mentioned in the history of only in a few places in the early part of its course. his country till we hear of his accompanying Augustus According to Xenophon (Anab., 1, 2), the Mæander to Rome after the battle of Mutina. He was also with rose in the palace of Cyrus, flowing from thence him at Philippi, and attended him during the whole through his park and the city of Celænæ. In the vi- course of the naval wars against Sextus Pompey, excinity rose the Marsyas, which formed a junction with cept when he was sent at intervals to Rome, in order the Mæander in the suburb of Celænæ, where after- by his presence to quell those disturbances, which, ward stood the city of Apamea. (Compare the re- during this period, frequently broke out in the capital. marks of Leake, Tour, p. 158, seqq.) According to In the battle of Actium he commanded the light LiStrabo (663), the common boundary of Caria and burnian galleys, which so greatly contributed to gain Phrygia, on the Mæander, was at Carura. After the the victory for Augustus, and he gave chase with them river had reached Lydia and Caria, it widened, and to Antony when he fled after the galley of Cleopatra. entered upon what the ancients denominated the plain During the absence of Augustus in Egypt, Mæcenas, of the Mæander, which extended from the borders in virtue of his office of prefect, was intrusted with the of Phrygia to the sea, nearly 100 miles. This plain chief administration of affairs in Italy, and particularly varied in breadth from 5 to 10 miles, and was orna- with the civil government of the capital. (Pedo Albimented with a number of fine cities and towns. Great nov., Epiced. Macen.) After Augustus had returned changes have taken place on the coast, at the mouth of from Egypt without a rival, and the affairs of the empire the Mæander, by the great deposition of mud and earth proceeded in a regular course, Maecenas shared with in the course of ages: changes that have so com- Agrippa the favour and confidence of his sovereign. pletely altered the face of things as described by the While Agrippa was intrusted with affairs requiring acancients, that the first of modern geographers was to- tivity, gravity, and force, those which were to be accomtally misled in his estimate of the ancient geography, plished by persuasion and address were committed to by attempting to reconcile it with the modern, on the Mæcenas. The advice which he gave to Augustus ground of the imperfect descriptions of it in the ancient in the celebrated consultation with regard to his probooks. D'Anville had no conception that the Gulf of posed resignation of the empire, was preferred to that Latmus received the Meander, but supposed a con- of Agrippa: Mæcenas having justly represented that siderable space to exist between them. Nor was he it would not be for the advantage of Rome to be left aware that the gulf itself no longer existed; that its without a head to the government, as the vast emwide opening to the sea was closed up by alluvions; pire now required a single chief to maintain peace and that the island of Lade, so often mentioned as a and order; that Augustus had already advanced too rendezvous in the history of the naval warfare of an- far to recede with safety; and that, if divested of abcient times, had become a part of the main land, rising, solute power, he would speedily fall a victim to the like the rock of Dumbarton, from the marshy soil; resentment of the friends or relatives of those whom and, moreover, that the inner part of the gulf was he had formerly sacrificed to his own security. (Dio transformed into a fresh-water lake. The mud of the Cassius, 52, 14, seqq.) Having agreed to retain the Meander, having been deposited across the southeast government, Augustus asked and obtained from Mæarm of the gulf, formed its upper part into a lake; cenas a general plan for its administration. His minwhich soon became fresh, when the access of the sea-ister laid down for him rules regarding the reformation water was barred out, as it receives a great quantity of the senate, the nomination of magistrates, the colof land waters from the surrounding mountains. It is lection of taxes, the establishment of schools, the gov named the Lake of Bafi, from a town at the southeasternment of provinces, the levy of troops, the equalizacorner: it is about 12 miles in length, and from 3 to tion of weights and measures, the suppression of tu5 in breadth. Chandler represents the water as in- multuous assemblies, and the support of religious sipid and not drinkable. The modern name of the observances. His measures on all these points, as Mæander is Minder. (Rennell, Geogr. of Western detailed by Dio Cassius, show consummate political Asia, vol. 2, p. 30, seqq.) Mr. Turner describes the wisdom, and knowledge in the science of governMæander in a part of its course as about seventy feet ment. Mæcenas had often mediated between Antony wide, and having a current towards the sea of about a and Augustus, and healed the mutual wounds which mile an hour: he observes, however, that this must their ambition inflicted. But when his master had at be much more rapid, when the streams, formed by length triumphed in the contest, the great object of rain and melted snow, pour into it from the mountains. his attention was to secure the permanence of the He describes the water as very thick and muddy; and government. For this purpose he had spies in all cor the mud in particular at the bank as extremely deep.ners, to pry into every assembly, and to watch the (Tour in the Levant, vol. 3, p. 96.) MEITA, a people in the north of Britain, near the vallum Severi or wall of Severus, comprising the Ota motions of the people. By these means the impru dent plots of Lepidus (Vell. Paterc., 2, 88) and Muræna were discovered and suppressed without danger |