BAY-ICE, OR HARBOR-ICE.-Ice formed annually in bays or closed seas. BESET.-To be nearly or entirely fast in the sea-ice.
BORING, OR “BUCKING” ICE.-Forcing the vessel by steam or sail through crowded ice.
FIELD-ICE.-Closely aggregated ice covering a large area.
FLOE.-A large piece, either of bay-ice or of paleocrystic ice.
FLOEBERG.-A paleocrystic iceberg of regular cubical shape, flat top and bottom, perpendicular sides, "stratified" structure, and regular lines of cleavage.
HUMMOCK.-An uneven, irregular part of floe-ice rising above the level, as does a mound above a plain.
ICE-BLINK, OR ICE-SKY.-Reflection of light from the ice, causing great brightness in the sky at a particular point.
ICE-FOOT.-Sea-ice formed along shore. It is stationary and is separated from the main, movable ice by the tide crack.
LAND-ICE, OR FAST-ICE.-Floes or grounded masses of ice attached to the land.
LANE, OR LEAD.—A narrow channel or passage between ice masses, through which a vessel may pass.
NIPPED.-Situation of a ship when jammed or hard pressed by the ice. NORTH POLE (Geographical).-Ninety degrees of north latitude: the point directly beneath the North (Polar) Star.
NORTH POLE (Magnetic).—The point where the dipping-needle becomes vertical-nearly twenty degrees (of latitude) south of the North Geographical Pole. See Voyage of John C. Ross.
PACK.-A considerable area of ice, consisting of large masses in close proximity. A pack may be either close or open, depending upon the closeness to which the masses are crowded.