specified passages along the coasts of the United Kingdom, or between Great Britain and Ireland, or between Great Britain or Ireland and the Isle of Man.

(a Ships of this class shall, according to their tonnage, carry boats placed under davits, as required by the Table.

(6) Masters or owners of ships of this class claiming to carry fewer boats under davits than are given in the Table must declare before the collector or other officer of Customs that the boats actually placed under davits are sufficient to accommodate all persons on board, allowing 10 (ten) cubic feet of boat capacity for each adult person, or 86 statute adult." Not less than half the number boats placed under davits having at least half the cubic capacity required by the Tables shall be of boats Section (A), or Section (B). The remaining boats may also be of such description, or may, at the option of the shipowners, conform to Section (C) or Section (D), provided that not more than two boats shall be of Section (D).

(c) It the boats placed under davits in accordance with this requirement do not furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, then additional wood, metal, collapsible, or other boats of approved description (whether placed under davits or otherwise), or approved life-rafts, or approved buoyant deck seats, or other approved buoyant deck fittings, shall be carried of at least such cubical capacity that they and the boats required to be placed under davits by Table provide together in the aggregate one-half more than the minimum cubic contents provided by column 3 of the Table. For this purpose 3 cubic feet of air case in the life-raft is to be estimated as 10 cubic feet of internal capacity; provided always that the rafts will accommodate the persons for which they are certified under the Rules, and also have 3 cubic feet of air case for each person.

(d) Ships of this class shall also carry approved life-belts or other similar approved articles of equal buoyancy suitable for being worn on the person, so that there may be at least one for each person on board the ship.

(e) At least one approved life-tuoy shall also be provided for each boat of wood or metal carried by the ship, but in no case shall less than six approved life-buoys be provided.

(ƒ) Provided nevertheless that no ship of this class shall be required to carry more boats, rafts, and other buoyant deck fittings than will furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board.

DIVISION (D).-CLASS 2.-Steamships carrying Passengers in Estuaries, or Mouths of Rivers, or on short Excursions or Pleasure Trips to Sea.

(a) Ships of this class shall carry at least two boats of Section (A), or Section (B), or Section (C), placed under davits, and with proper appliances for getting them into the water.

(b) They shall also carry other boats, approved buoyant apparatus and (or) approved life-belts sufficient (with the boats required by paragraph (a),) to keep afloat all the persons on board the ship. (c) At least four approved life-buoys shall be carried.

DIVISION (D).-CLASS 3.-Steamships not certified to carry Passengers, and employed solely in the Coasting Trade.

(a) Ships of this class shall carry one boat of Sections (A), (B), or (C), so fitted that it can be readily put out on either side of the ship, and amply sufficient to carry all the persons on board.

(b) They shall carry two approved life-buoys.

(c) They shall carry life-belts, so that there may be one for each person on board the ship.

DIVISION (D).-CLASS 4.-Sailing Ships not carrying Passengers. and employed solely in the Coasting Trade.

(a) Ships of this class shall carry one boat so fitted that it can be readily put out on either side of the ship, and amply sufficient to carry all the persons on board.

(b) They shall carry two approved life-buoys.

(c) They shall carry life-belts so that there may be one or each person on board the ship.

DIVISION (D).-CLASS 5-Steam Fish Carriers, Tug Boats, ana Steam Lighters, which proceed to Sea.

(a) Ships of this class shall carry one boat of Section (A), (B), or (C), so fitted that it can be readily put out on either side of the ship, and amply sufficient to carry all the persons on board. (b) They shall carry two approved life-buoys.

(c) They shall carry life-belts, so that there may be one for each person on board the ship.

DIVISION (D).-CLASS 6.-Steam Launches proceeding for short distances to Sea.

(a) Steam launches are themselves little more than boats, and therefore shall not be required to carry boats.

(b) They shall carry two approved life-buoys,

(c) They shall carry life-belts, so that there may be one for each person on board.

DIVISION (E)-CLASS 1.-Rules for Steamships carrying Passengers on Rivers, Lakes or Land-Locked Inland Waters, but not going to Sea or into Rough Waters.

(a) Ships of this class shall carry one boat in such a position that it can readily be got into the water. They also shall carry approved buoyant apparatus or approved life-belts and approved life-buoys at least sufficient, together with the boat to keep afloat all persons carried on board.

(b) At least four approved life-buoys shall be carried.

NOTE. A discretion may be exercised by the Board of Trade to relieve steam launches, steamers plying in narrow waters, and ferry boats, from the operation of the whole or part of Rule (a) of this class.

DIVISION (E).-CLASS 2.-Tug Boats and Steam Lighters which do not proceed to Sea.

(a) These vessels shall carry one boat of any section sufficient to carry all the persons on board.

(b) They shall carry two approved life-buoys.

(c) They shall carry approved life-belts, so that there may one for each person on board.

DIVISION (E).-CLASS 3.-Hulks, Dredgers, Steam Hoppers, &c. If these vessels do not proceed to sea from one port to another they shall carry the same boats and appliances as provided for in Class 2.

If they proceed to sea from one port to another they shall carry in addition one boat of Sections (A), (B), or (C) sufficient to carry all the persons on board, and with proper appliances to enable it to be put out readily on either side of the ship.

GENERAL RULES.

(1) BOATS.-All boats shall be constructed and properly equipped as provided by these Rules, and all boats and other life-saving appliances are to be kept ready for use to the satisfaction of the Board of Trade. Internal buoyancy apparatus may be constructed of wood, or of copper or yellow metal of not less than 18 oz. to the superficial foot or of other durable material.

Section (A).-A boat of this section shall be a lifeboat, of whaleboat form, properly constructed of wood or metal, having for every 10 cubic feet of her capacity computed as in Rule (2) at least I cubic foot of strong and serviceable enclosed air-tight compartments, so constructed that water cannot find its way into them. In the case of metal boats an addition will have to be made to the cubic capacity of the air-tight compartments, so as to give them buoyancy equal to that of the wooden boat.

Section (B). A boat of this section shall be a lifeboat of whaleboat form, properly constructed of wood or metal, having inside and outside buoyancy apparatus, together equal in efficiency to the buoyancy apparatus provided for a boat of Section (A). At least one-half of the buoyancy apparatus must be attached to the outside of the boat.

Section (C).-A boat of this section shall be a lifeboat properly constructed of wood or metal, having some buoyancy apparatus attached to the inside and (or) outside of the boat equal in efficiency to one-half of the buoyancy apparatus provided for a boat of Section (A) or Section (B). At least one-half of the buoyancy apparatus must be attached to the outside of the boat.

Section (D).-A boat of this section shall be a properly constructed boat of wood or metal.

Section (E).-A boat of this section shall be a boat of approved construction, form, and material, and may be collapsible.

(2) CUBIC CAPACITY.-The cubic capacity of a boat shall be deemed to be her cubic capacity, ascertained (as in measuring ships

for tonnage capacity) by Stirling's rule; but as the application of that rule entails much labour, the following simple plan, which is approximately accurate, may be adopted for general purposes, and when no question requiring absolute correct adjustment is raised :-Measure the length and breadth outside and depth inside. Multiply them together and by 6; the product is the capacity of the boat in cubic feet. Thus a boat 28 ft. long, 8 ft. 6 in. broad, and 3 ft. 6 in. deep, will be regarded as having a capacity of 28 × 85 × 35 × 6 = 499'8, or 500 cubic feet. If the oars are pulled in rowlocks, the bottom of the rowlock is to be considered the gunwale of the boat for ascertaining her depth.

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(3) NUMBER OF PERSONS FOR BOATS.-The number of persons a boat of Section (A) shall be deemed fit to carry shall be the number of cubic feet ascertained as in Rule (2) divided by 10.

The number of persons a boat of Section (B), (C), (D), or (E), shall be deemed fit to carry shall be the number of cubic feet ascertained as in Rule (2) divided by 8. The space in the boat shall be sufficient for the seating of the persons carried in it, and for the proper use of the oars.

(4) APPLIANCES FOR LOWERING BOATS.-Appliances for getting a boat into the water must fulfil the following conditions:-Means are to be provided for speedily, but not necessarily simultaneously or automatically, detaching the boats from the lower blocks of the davit tackles; the boats placed under davits are to be attached to the davit tackles and kept ready for service; the davits are to be strong enough and so spaced that the boats can be swung out with facility; the points of attachment of the boats to the davits are to be sufficiently away from the ends of the boats to ensure their being easily swung clear of the davits; the boats' chocks are to be such as can be expeditiously removed; the davits, falls, blocks, eye-bolts, rings, and the whole of the tackling are to be of sufficient strength; the boat's falls are to be long enough to lower the boat into the water with safety when the vessel is light. The life lines shall be fitted to the davits and be long enough to reach the water when the vessel is light; and hooks are not to be attached to the lower tackle blocks.

(5) EQUIPMENTS FOR COLLAPSIBLE OR OTHER BOATS AND FOR LIFE-RAFTS.-In order to be properly equipped each boat shall be provided as follows:--

(a) With the full single-banked complement of oars, and two

spare oars.

(b) With two plugs for each plug-hole, attached with lanyards or chains, and one set and a half of thole pins or crutches, attached to the boat by sound lanyards.

(c) With a sea anchor, a baler, a rudder and tiller, or yoke and yoke lines, a painter of sufficient length, and a boat-hook. The rudder and baler to be attached to the boat by sufficiently long lanyards, and kept ready for use. In boats where there may be a difficulty in fitting a rudder a steering oar may be provided instead.

(d) A vessel to be kept filled with fresh water shall be provided for each boat.

(e) Life-rafts shall be fully provided with a suitable approved equipment.

(6) ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENTS FOR BOATS OF SECTION (A) AND SECTION (B).-In order to be properly equipped, each boat of Sections (A) and (B), in addition to being provided with all the requisites laid down in Rule (5), shall be equipped as follows, but not more than four boats in any one ship require to have this outfit, and where boats of Sections (A) or (B) are carried in lieu of boats of Sections (C) or (D), this additional outfit need not be insisted on:

(a) With two hatchets or tomahawks, one to be kept in each end of the boat, and to be attached to the boat by a lanyard.

(b) With a mast or masts, and with at least one good sail, and proper gear for each.

(c) With a line becketed round the outside of the boat and securely made fast.

(d) With an efficient compass.

(e) With one gallon of vegetable or animal oil, and a vessel of an approved pattern, for distributing it in the water in rough weather. (ƒ) With a lantern trimmed, with oil in its receiver sufficient to burn eight hours.

(7) NUMBER OF PERSONS FOR LIFE-RAFTS.-The number of persons that any approved life-raft for use at sea shall be deemed to be capable of carrying, shall be determined with reference to each separate pattern approved by the Board of Trade; provided always that for every person so carried there shall be at least three cubic feet of strong and serviceable inclosed air-tight compartments, constructed so that water cannot find its way into them. Any approved life-raft of other construction may be used, provided that it has equivalent buoyancy to that herein before described. Every such approved life-raft shall be marked in such a way as to plainly indicate the number of adult persons it can carry.

(8) BUOYANT APPARATUS. -Approved buoyant apparatus shall be deemed sufficient, so far as buoyancy is concerned, for a number of persons, to be ascertained by dividing the number of pounds of iron which it is capable of supporting in fresh water, by 32. Such buoyant apparatus shall not require to be inflated before use, shall be of approved construction, and marked in such a way as plainly to indicate the number of persons for whom it is sufficient.

(9) LIFE BELTS.--An approved life-belt shall mean a belt which does not require to be inflated before use, and which is capable, at least, of floating in the water for 24 hours with 15 lbs. of iron suspended from it. Life-belts are to be cut out 2 in. under the armpits, and fitted so as to remain securely in their place when put on (10) LIFE-BUOYS.-An approved life-buoy shall mean either --(a) A life-buoy built of solid cork, capable of floating in the water for at least 24 hours with 32 lbs. of iron suspended from it ; or

(6) A strong life-buoy of any other approved pattern or material, provided that it is capable of floating in the water for at least 24 hours with 32 lbs. of iron suspended from it, and provided also