Sivut kuvina
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A column of water 12 in. high, 1'in.

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Fresh water.

Salt

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square=434 lbs. pressure per sq. in. A similar column 1 in, diameter='341 lbs. pressure per sq. in.

A pipe 3 feet long holds as many lbs. of water at 62° Fah, as the square of ts diameter in inches + 2 per cent.

water.

IMMERSION IN SALT AND FRESH WATER.

To find the difference of immersion or draught in salt and fresh If from salt to fresh, multiply the draught of salt water by 36, and divide the product by 35. If from fresh to salt, multiply the draught of fresh water by 35 and divide the product by 36.

=

Example :-Required the draught of a vessel in fresh water when drawing 20ft in salt water: 20ft x 36 720 ÷ 35ft. = 20 5 in. Table of draughts worked out by the above formula :—

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The Southern Ocean below Cape Horn reaches a depth of 5,500 yards, and oft Cape of Good Hope, 5,700 yards. The average depth of the Bay of Biscay is 1,200 yards.

BEAUFORT NOTATION, FORMULA, AS USED FOR INDICATING THE DISTURBANCE OF THE SEA.

Calm

1 Very Smooth

2 Smooth.

3 Slight.

4 Moderate

5 Rather Rough.

6 Rough.

7 High.

8 Very High.

9 Tremendous.

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SPHEROIDAL TABLES,

SHOWING THE LENGTH OF each Degree OF LATITUDE IN STATUTE MILES AND OF LONGITUDE IN MINUTES OF LATITUDE OR NAUTICAL MILES UNDER EACH PARALLEL OF LATITUDE.

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To find the height at which a Light should be put above the sǝa eve to show a given number of miles :

Multiply the number of miles by itself, and by 4, and divide the product by 7. Thus, a lamp required to show ten miles

10 x 10 = 100 × 4= 400

7)-
57 feet.

Should be 574 feet high above the sea level.

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USUAL DIETARY SCALE (WITH FRESH BEEF) FOR CREW.

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Bread Flour. Peas Rice Tea. Coffee. Sugar. Molasses. Fruit.

Pork. & Bouilli. Beef. Pork.

lbs.

lbs.

lbs.

lbs.

lbs. lbs.

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There is no statutory scale of provisions laid down for British trading vessels, the provision scale being a matter to be settled between the master and crew before signing articles of agreement

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THE VICTUALLING OF SHIPS.

(Board of Trade Circular.)

1. Scurvy has been on the increase in British ships since 1873.

2. Lime-juice, of itself, will not prevent scurvy, and too much reliance is placed on it, to the neglect of varied food scales.

3. Lime-juice, in connection with fresh or preserved meat and vegetables, may prevent scurvy.

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4. The dietary scale of ships should therefore include a fair proportion of fresh and "preserved" meats, as distinguished from "salted meats. 5. More fresh vegetables should be carried, notably raw potatoes. No satisfactory reason is given why fresh potatoes cannot be carried on board British ships. The allegation that they will not keep good on board ship is clearly disproved by the fact that they do keep on board United States ships, and will keep for a fair time anywhere else.

6. It is not at present desirable to insert a statutory scale of diet in the articles of agreements with crews serving on long voyages; though it may possibly be necessary hereafter, unless the shipowners themselves

move in the matter.

LIST OF PORTS AND PLACES WHERE SHIPS

ARE SWUNG.

Names of Firms at each Port who arrange for Adjustment of Ships Compasses for Deviation.

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BRISTOL.

I,

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CARDIFF.

W. Langford & Son, 53, Broad Quay, Bristol. In Dock or in King Roads
C. W. Price,

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DUBLIN

James Watts, 29, Eden Quay, Dublin.

CT. YARM'TH. Mayston & Son, South Quay, Gt. Yarmouth.

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1

In any Dock available, by permission of Dock Mas ter, or in Penarth Roads.

In Solent if under steam, or
at private Buoys; fee, 10/6
to Harbour Master.

Pond, Kingston, or in Bay
In Roads.

At Sea or in Roads

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