from the reserve buoyancy given in the tables, according to the following scale :

(a) When the combined length of the poop, or raised quarter-deck, bridge-house, and top-gallant forecastle is9-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 85 per cent. of

the reduction in the reserve buoyancy allowed for a com. plete awning deck, or 85-100ths, of the difference between freeboards in Tables A (after correction for sheer) and Tables C.

8-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 75 per cent. of the reduction in the reserve buoyancy allowed for a com. plete awning deck, or 75-100ths of the difference between freeboards in Tables A (after correction for sheer) and Tables C.

7-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 63 per cent. of the reduction in the reserve buoyancy allowed for a complete awning deck, or 63-100ths of the difference between freeboards in Tables A (after correction for sheer) and Tables C.

6-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 50 per cent. of the reduction in the reserve buoyancy allowed for a complete awning deck, or 50-100ths of the difference between freeboards in Tables A (after correction for sheer) and Tables C.

When the engine and boiler openings are protected only by a long raised quarter-deck, a less reduction in freeboard will be allowed.

(b) For intermediate lengths of erections the amount of the reduction in freeboard should be ascertained by interpolation. (c) The above scale of allowance is prepared for vessels having long poops or raised quarter-decks 4ft high or above. For raised quarter-decks of less height, extending over fourtenths of the length, and forming an integral portion of the vessel, the amount of the allowance should be diminished, as shown in the following table:

(e) It is to be understood in the application of this scale of allowance for erections on deck to vessels with long poops or with raised quarter-decks, and bridge-houses combined, that the deduction is a maximum deduction, applicable only to vessels of these types in which the erections are of a most substantial character, the deck openings most effectually protected, and the crew are either berthed in the bridge-house, or the arrangements to enable them to get backwards and forwards from their quarters are of a satisfactory character. For other

vessels of the same class the amount of the deduction should be fixed only after a careful survey. Also such vessels when employed in the Atlantic trade will require to have specially provided greater freeboard than that given in the tables.

(f) A sufficient number of clearing ports as large as practicable, and with shutters properly hung, should be formed in the bulwarks of these vessels, between the forecastle and the bridgehouse, for the purpose of speedily clearing this part of the deck of water.

12. When the erections on a vessel consist of a topgallant forecastle, a short poop having an efficient bulkhead, and bridge-house disconnected, the latter in steamers covering the engine and boiler openings, and being efficiently enclosed with an iron bulkhead at each end, a deduction may be made from the reserve buoyancy given in the tables according to the following scale :

(a) When the combined length of the erections is-
5-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 40 per cent. of the
reduction in reserve buoyancy allowed for a complete
awning deck or 2-5ths of the difference between the free-
boards in Tables A (after correction for sheer and length)
and Tables C (alter correction for length).

4-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 33 per cent. of the
reduction in reserve buoyancy allowed for a complete
awning deck or 1-3rd of the difference between the free-
boards in Tables A (after correction for sheer and length)
and Tables C (after correction for length).

13. When the erections on a vessel consist of a topgallant forecastle and bridge-house only, the latter in steamers covering the engine and boiler openings, and being efficiently enclosed with an iron bulkhead at each end, a deduction may be made from the reserve buoyancy given in the tables according to the following scale:

(a) When the combined length of the erections is-
4-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 30 per cent. of the
reduction in reserve buoyancy allowed for a complete
awning deck or 3-10ths of the difference between the free-
boards in Tables A (after correction for sheer and length)
and Tables C (after correction for length).

3-10ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 25 per cent. of the
reduction in reserve buoyancy allowed for a complete
awning deck or 1-4th of the difference between the free-
boards in Tables A (after correction for sheer and length)
and Tables C (after correction for length).

14. When the erections on a vessel consist of a short poop and topgaliant forecastle only, the former enclosed at the fore-end with an efficient bulkhead, the deduction from the reserve buoyancy given in the tables should be according to the following scale :(a) When the combined length of the erections is3-8ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 8 per cent. of the reserve buoyancy or 10 per cent. of the freeboard required for the vessel flush decked (after correction for length). 2-8ths of the length of the vessel, deduct 6 per cent. of the reserve buoyancy or 8 per cent. of the freeboard required for the vessel flush decked (after correction for length); and so on in proportion.

15. When a vessel is fitted with a topgallant forecastle only,

the reduction in reserve buoyancy should be one-half that prescribed by the previous paragraph for the case where, in addition to the forecastle, the vessel is fitted with a poop of the same length.

16. Sheer. The tables are framed for vessels having a mean sheer of deck measured at the side, as shown in the following table. Length over which Sheer is measured.

(a) In flush-deck vessels and in vessels to which clauses II and 12 apply, when the sheer of deck is greater or less than the above, and is of a gradual character, divide the difference in inches between it and the mean sheer provided for by 4, and the result in inches is the amount by which the freeboard amidships should be diminished or increased according as the sheer is greater or less.

(b) In vessels having short poops and forecastles, and in those having short forecastles only, the freeboard should be corrected in respect of the excess of or deficiency in reserve buoyancy due to variations in sheer from the standard amount over the length uncovered by substantial erections, as provided in the above table. One-fourth the difference between the mean sheer specified and that measured as described, is approximately the amount by which the freeboard should be modified in respect of sheer.

(c) The divisor 4 is to be used when the sheer is of a gradual character, and is not strictly applicable either to those cases in which the sheer is suddenly increased at the bow or stern, or to those in which it does not maintain its normal rate of increase to the ends of the vessel.

(d) In all cases the rise in sheer forward and aft is measured with reference to the deck at the middle of the length, and where the lowest point of the sheer is abaft the middle of the length, one-half of the difference between the sheer amidships and the lowest point, should be added to the freeboard specified in the tables for flush-deck vessels, and for vessels having short poops and forecastles only.

(e) Where, as in some instances, vessels fitted with long poops or raised quarter-decks connected with bridge-houses have the deck line rising rapidly from amidships to the front of the bridge, and from that point onwards gradually approaching

the normal sheer line, the freeboard may be slightly modified in consideration of the increase of height of deck in the "well."

(f) In flush-deck vessels and in vessels having short poops and forecastles the excess of sheer for which an allowance is made shall not exceed one-half the total standard mean sheer for the size of the ship.

(g) No decrease should be made in the freeboard of spar and awning deck vessels, in respect of excess of sheer.

17. Round of beam.-In calculating the reserve of buoyancy, an allowance has been made of one quarter of an inch for every foot of the length of the midship beam for the round up. When the round of the beam in flush-decked vessels is greater or less than given by this rule, divide the difference in inches by 2, and diminish or increase the freeboard by this amount. For vessels with erections on deck the amount of the allowance should depend on the extent of the main deck uncovered. This rule for round of beam does not apply to spar or awning deck vessels.

18. As a general illustration of the way in which the tables should be used in modifying the freeboard on account of erections on deck, extreme proportions and variations in sheer, the following may be taken as an example :

A vessel is 234ft long, 29ft broad, and has a moulded depth of 17 oft, the coefficient of fineness being 72. Suppose the vessel to have a poop and bridge-house of the united length of 121ft, and a forecastle 20ft in length, and let the sheer forward, measured at the side, be 4ft 6in, and aft 2ft tin.

Freeboard by Tables A if of the normal length, without erections, and with the normal amount of sheer...

The mean sheer by rule is 33'4in, or 6in less than that in the vessel,
and the reduction in freeboard is 6in divided by 4

Freeboard of vessel without erections and with 39 in mean sheer ......
Freeboard by Tables C as awning-decked....

The combined length of the erections is length of the vessel, and the allowance for I will be therefore ths of 17in, or 84in.

We have therefore :

Difference.........

Ft. in.

2 11

2

9

I

1

ths or ths of the erections under clause

Amount deducted from freeboard for excess of sheer.....................
Amount deducted from the freeboard for erections

Amount deducted if vessel be fitted with an uncovered iron main
deck (clause 6) = √ × 3a ..

Deduct in.

12

The length being 30ft in excess of that for which the tables are framed, the addition to the freeboard in respect of the same is one-half of % of one inch

That is tolin to be deducted from 2ft 11in, leaving a winter freeboard of 2ft olin.

Corresponding summer freeboard 1ft 10in.