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obliteration of certificate of mortgage or sale to issue new certificates. Revocation of certificate of mortgage or sale by registered owner. Name of Ship.-Section 47. Rules as to name of ship, and any change of name.

Registry of Alterations, Registry Anew, and Transfer of Registry. --Sections 48 to 54. Registry of alterations to be made with regis trar. Regulations for provisional certificate and endorsement by registrar where ship is to be registered anew provided for in certain cases. Registry anew on change of ownership may be made on application of owners. Transfer of registry provided for on application to registrar. Restrictions on re-registration of abandoned ships.

Incapacitated Persons.-Section 55. Provision for cases of infancy, lunacy, or other incapacity.

Trusts and Equitable Rights--Sections 56, 57. Notice of trusts not received or to be entered by registrar. Equities not excluded by Act.

Liability of Beneficial Owner.-Section 58. Persons beneficially Interested equally liable with managing owner to pecuniary penalties. Managing Owner.-Section 59. Ship's managing owner or nianager to be registered. Penalty for default.

Declarations, Inspection of Register, and Fies.-Sections 60 to 62. Power of registrar to dispense with declarations and other evidence. Mode of making declarations. Application of fees.

Returns, Evidence, and Forms.-Sections 63 to 65. Returns to be made by registrars. Power to inspect register book by public. Evidence of register book and certificate of registry and other documents. Forms of documents and instructions as to registry.

Forgery and False Declarations.-Sections 66, 67.-Forgery of documents deemed a felony. False declaration a misdemeanour. National Character and Flag.-Sectiors 68 to 75. National character of ship to be declared before clearance. Penalty for unduly assuming British character. Concealment of British or assumption of foreign character a misdemeanour. Penalty for acquiring ownership by unqualified persons. Liability of ships not recognised as British. National colours for ships and penalty on carrying improper colours. Penalty on ships not showing colours, but registered fishing-boats excluded. Saving clause re powers of Admiralty.

Forfeiture of Ship.-Section 76. Proceedings on forfeiture of ship set forth.

Rules

Measurement of Ship and Tonnage.-Sections 77 to 87. for ascertaining register tonnage to be ascertained by Rule I, 2nd Schedule to this Act. Computation of areas, allowances. Ships measured, under Rule II., with cargo on board for purposes other than registry, ascertained tonnage to be deemed correct until remeasurement. Remeasurement of registered ships may be made, but not compulsory. Remeasurement of engine rooms improperly Extended, provided. Tonnage regulations provided in Schedule to Act to be subject to modification from time to time by Board of Trade. Allowance for engine-room space in steamships. Ships propelled by paddle-wheels, where boilers and machinery space is above 20 and under 30 per cent. of gross tornage, deduction shall be 37 per cent. of gross tonnage. Ships propelled by screws, where such space is above 13 and under 20 per cent. of gross tonnage,

deduction shall be 32 per cent. of gro.s tonnage.

in the case of all other ships.

Special provision

Allowance for Engine-room in Steamers.-Space or spaces above crown of engine-room, and above the upper deck framed in and for the machinery or for admission of light and air, shall not be included in propelling-power space, except owner requests the Board of Trade in writing, and shall not be included in pursuance of such request, unless (a) That portion is first included in measurement of grosstonnage; and (6) A surveyor appointed under Fourth Part of Merchant' Shipping Act, 1854, certifies that it is duly constructed, safe, and seaworthy, and cannot be used for any other purpose.

Deductions for Ascertaining Tonnage.-The following deductions shall be made in ascertaining register-tonnage in measuring or re-measuring a ship, viz. -In Sailing Vessels-any space set apart and used exclusively for storage of sails. In the case of any Ship-(1) Any space used exclusively for accommodation of master. (2) Any space used exclusively for working of the helm, the capstan, and anchor gear, or for keeping charts, signals, and other instruments of navigation, and boatswain's stores; and (3) The space occupied by donkey-engine and boiler, it connected with the main pumps of the ship. These deductions are subject to the following provisions, viz.:-That Board of Trade Surveyor certifies as to their suitability and efficiency; that there must be permanently marked over every such space the purpose to which it is to be applied; and that the deduction on account of space for stowage of sails must not exceed 2 per cent. of tonnage of ship.

Deductions in certain Steamships. In screw-steamships where an engine-room allowance of 32 per cent. of gross-tonnage has been allowed on August 26, 1889, and where any crew space on deck has not been included in gross tonnage, whether its contents have been deducted therefrom or not, the crew space shall be, on the application of the owner or by direction of the Board of Trade, measured and added to register-tonnage; and if it appears that with such addition the engine-room does not occupy more than 13 per cent. of the tonnage of the ship, the existing allowance for engine-room of 32 per cent. shall be continued, notwithstanding anything in this Act.

Measurement of Ships with Double Bottoms for Water Ballast.If the spaces between the inner and outer plating is certified by Board of Trade surveyor to be not available for cargo stores or fuel, then depth required by Rule I. shall be taken to be the upper side of inner plating of double bottom, which is to be deemed the floortimber referred to in that section.

Re-measurement of Foreign Ships.-Where tonnage of any foreign ship materially differs from that which would be her tonnage under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, and Amending Acts, Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that such ships may be remeasured in accordance with those Acts. Tonnage once ascertained to be tonnage of ship. Fees for measurement provided not to exceed those provided in 3rd Schedule to Act. Space occupied by deck cargo to be liable to dues. How measurement of tonnage and space to be determined. Surveyors and regulations for measurement of ships to be under Board of Trade.

Ports of Registry in place under Foreign Jurisdiction Act.Section 88. Her Majesty may declare any port a port of registry

by Order in Council, and appoint registrars, and make regulation as to registry.

Registry in Colonies.-Sections 89, 90. Powers of Governors n Colonies same as Commissioners of Colonies. Terminable certificates of registry may be granted by Governor in cases of vessels under 60 tons burthen.

Application of Part I. of the Act.-Section 91. Applies to whole of Her Majesty's dominions, and wherever Her Majesty has jurisdiction.

PART II.-Masters and Seamen.

In

Certificated Officers necessary in certain Ships.-Sections 92 to 103. Foreign-going ships and home trade passenger ships, before proceeding to sea from United Kingdom, must each have a master possessing an appropriate certificate of competency or service. addition, a foreign-going ship must have the first and second mates, or only mate, as the case may be, and in a home trade passenger ship the first or only mate, as the case may be, possessed of an appropriate certificate of competency or service. Ships of 100 tons burthen or upwards shall not go to sea unless at least one officer besides the master possesses a certificate as only mate, or one of a higher grade. Penalties for non-compliance and against persons for fraud. Certificates for foreign-going ships are available for home trade passenger ships. Authority of Registrar-General of Seamen as to granting, cancellation, and record of certificates and duplicates.

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Certificates for Engineers.-Steamships to carry certificated engineers. A foreign-going steamship, if over 100 nominal horse power, must have two engineers: the first possessing a "first-class certificate," the second a "second-class certificate," or one of a higher grade. Every foreign-going steamship of less than 100 nominal horse power shall have an engineer possessing a "second-class engineer's certificate," or one of a higher grade. Every sea-going home trade passenger steamship must have as its only or first engineer an engineer_possessing a second-class certificate," or one of a higher grade. Examinations for engineers' certificates of competency instituted under Board of Trade Power of Board of Trade and Local Marine Boards to investigate charges of misconduct against engineers and cancel or suspend certificates. Colonial certifi ates of competency may be declared by Order in Council to be of equal orce Production of certificate of competency to superintendent on engagement of crew, and in the case of runni g agreements each voyage. Forgery or fraud in connection with certificates a misdemeanour.

Apprenticeships to the Sea Service.-Sections 105 to 109. Superintendents of Mercantile Marine to bind apprentices and charge fees. Indentures of boys bound by guardians or overseers of the poor to be witnessed by two justices. All indentures exempt from stamp duty. Execution must be in duplicate, and registration necessary at a Mercantile Marine Office within seven days after date. Assignments, desertions, cancellations, deaths, also to be reported. Apprentices to be brought before superintendent before each voyage in a foreign-going ship, and indentures produced.

Licences to Supply Seamen.-Sections 110 to 112. Board of Trade may license persons to procr.re seamen. Penalty against unlicensed

SHIPPING WORLD

persons supplying seamen (£20), and against employment of unlicensed persons, or receiving seamen illegally supplied (£20): penalty for receiving remuneration from seamen for shipping them, £5. Engagement of Seamen.-Sections 113 to 124. Masters of every ship, except of ships less than 80 reg. tons employed in the coasting trade, must have agreements with their crews in the form sanctioned by the Board of Trade. Colonial ships may have agreements according to the law of their own possessions. All foreign-going British ships must have their agreements signed in the presence of a superintendent of Mercantile Marine. Agreements to be in duplicate, one copy being retained for Registrar-General of Seamen. Substitutes in the place of men who have signed, but have not kept their engagements from unforeseen causes, should, where practicable, be engaged at Mercantile Marine Office, but, if otherwise, should have the agreement read, and their signatures therein attested by a witness.

Running Agreements.-Foreign-going ships making voyages averaging less than six months may have running agreements; those must expire on the next following 30th June or 31st December, or on first arrival at port of destination in United Kingdom after such date, or upon discharge of cargo consequent upon arrival. Changes in crew on these agreements must be made at Mercantile Marine Office. Indorsement on agreement by master, necessary that all such changes have been duly made, and penalty for false endorsement, 20. Home trade ships not compelled to sign agreements at Mercantile Marine Office, but the agreement must be duly read, and the signatures of the crew attested by a witness before vessel puts to sea, or as soon after as possible. Shipping a seaman without obtaining due execution of agreement, is an offence entailing a penalty of £5 against master; like penalty provided against master or owner in case of a home trade ship. Changes in crews of foreign-going ships shall be reported by master before leaving United Kingdom, to nearest superintendent, under a penalty of £5. Seamen engaged in Colonies to be shipped before shipping master or officer of Customs. Seamen engaged abroad must be shipped by the master before Consul, under a penalty of £20. Certificates of competency or service of master and necessary officers must be produced at Mercantile Marine Office on engagement, before outward clearance granted.

Deposit of Agreements.- Agreements of foreign-going ships to be delivered at Mercantile Marine Office within 48 hours after arrival in United Kingdom, or upon discharge of crew, whichever first happens. Certificate of delivery or inward clearance (BB) then granted; penalty provided for non-delivery.

Home Trade Agreements.—Not to extend beyond next following 30th June, or 31st December, or first arrival in United Kingdom after such dates, or on discharge of cargo consequent upon such arrival; home trade agreements to be delivered to superintendent within 21 days after the dates of each half-year above. Clearance then granted. In home trade passenger ships the production of the necessary certificates of master and officers also necessary. A penalty of £5 incurred for default.

Foreign and Home Trade Agreements.-Alterations in agreements void unless attested and made with consent of all parties. Falsifying agreement a misdemeanour. A copy of agreement must be made and put where accessible to crew at commencement of voyage,

under a penalty against master of £5. Seamen discharged before voyage after signing agreement, entitled besides any wages earned, to compensation not exceeding one month's wages. Engagement of seamen in colonial and foreign ports to be before superintendent or Consul, and endorsement of engagement to be made on agreement by official. Penalty, 5 on master for non-compliance.

Agreements with Lascars.-Section 125. Masters or owners may enter into an agreement with a Lascar or any other native of India, binding him either as a seaman or passenger to go to United Kingdom and back to British India; or to the Australian Colonies, and from thence to any part of Her Majesty's dominions. Agreement to be in compliance with special laws and regulations of Indian Government then in force.

Rating of Seamen.-Section 126. No seaman entitled to rating of "A.B." unless he has four years' service before the mast. Fishermen in decked fishing vessels registered ut der this Act may count up to the period of three years of that employment, but not entitled to rating of " A. B." until one year's additional sea service is proven in a trading vessel. Service to be proved by certificates of discharge, or a certificate of service from Registrar-General of Seamen.

Discharg of Seamen.-Sections 127 to 130. Discharge of seamen in foreign-going ships to be before Superintendent of Mercantile Marine. Master to deliver account of wages to each seaman. On discharge, master to give seamen certificates of discharge, and return certificates of competency or service to officers. Superintendent may decide questions referred to him by parties in disputes, his decision being final. Settlement of wages and signatures to release. Master to make reports of character of seamen. Report on conduct and qualifications of seamen to be made by master. False or forged certificates of discharge a misdemeanour.

Payment of Wages.-Sections 131 to 139 The crews of foreigngoing ships must be discharged and their wages paid at the Mercantile Marine Office. The wages must be paid within two days after the seamen leave the ship, exclusive of any Sunday or Bank Holiday. Each seaman is entitled on leaving ship to £2, or one-fourth of balance due to him, whichever is least. Twenty-four hours' notice of the time of discharging crew must be given at Mercantile Marine Office. The official log book and articles of agreement must be delivered to the superintendent within forty-eight hours after ship's arrival, or upon discharge of the crew. On the comple tion of the discharge the master will receive the inward clearance, or BB certificate. The wages of seamen absent at the time of paying off may be deposited at the Mercantile Marine Office. Seamen may be discharged on board on application at a fee of 1s. for each man, payable by master or owner. Masters of home-trade ships may discharge seamen before superintendent. Masters to deliver wages' accounts to seamen twenty-four hours before paying off. Deductions from wages must appear in accounts, except in respect of matters happening after delivery. Deductions to be entered by master in a book during voyage, to be produced at time of discharge. Master of home-trade ships to pay seamen their wages within two days after termination of agreement or at time of discharge, whichever first aappens. Penalty for non-payment within proper time. Settlement of wages and signature to release to be final. Superintendent may settle questions as to wages on applica

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