OF ENGLISH ADMIRALTY JUDGES, PRIOR TO 1776, A FEW ONLY

ARE KNOWN.

Sir Julius Cæsar, in the time of Queen Elizabeth.

Sir Henry Vane, in the time of Charles I.

Dr. Dunn.

Sir Leoline Jenkins, in the time of Charles II.

Sir Thomas (Dr.) Exton, in the time of Charles II.

Sir Charles Hedges, in the time of William and Anne.

Sir Henry Martin.

Sir George Lee.

ENGLISH ADMIRALTY JUDGES SINCE 1776.

Dr. George Hay, 1776.

Sir James Marriott, 1779.

Sir William Scott (Lord Stowell), 1798 to 1827.

Sir Christopher Robinson, appointed 1828, died 1833.

Sir John Nicholl, appointed May 31, 1833, died August 26, 1838.
Sir Stephen Lushington, appointed October 17, 1838, resigned 1867.
Sir Robert Phillimore, 1867.

APPENDIX.

645

APPENDIX B, page 22.

REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, ETC.

PRELIMINARY.

Art. 1. In the following rules every steamship which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing ship; and every steamship which is under steam, whether under sail or not, is to be considered a ship under steam.

RULES CONCERNING LIGHTS.

Art. 2. The lights mentioned in the following articles, numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and no others, shall be carried in all weathers, from sunset to sunrise.

Art. 3. Sea-going steamships when under way shall carry

(a.) At the foremast head, a bright white light, so fixed as to show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the ship, namely: from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least five miles;

(b.) On the starboard side, a green light, so constructed as to throw an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles;

(c.) On the port side, a red light, so constructed as to show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side; and of such a character, as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles;

(d.) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens, projecting at least three feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the borders.

Art. 4. Steamships, when towing other ships, shall carry two bright white mast-head lights vertically, in addition to their side lights, so as

to distinguish them from other ships. Each of these mast-head lights shall be of the same construction and character as the mast-head lights which other steamships are required to carry.

Art. 5. Sailing ships under way, or being towed, shall carry the same lights as steamships under way, with the exception of the white mast-head lights, which they shall never carry.

Art. 6. Whenever, as in the case of small vessels during bad weather, the green and red lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their respective sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition; and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable screens.

Art. 7. Ships, whether steamships or sailing ships, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways, shall exhibit, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull, a white light, in a globular lantern of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all around the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile.

Art. 8. Sailing pilot vessels shall not carry the lights required for other sailing vessels, but shall carry a white light at the mast-head, visible all round the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light every fifteen minutes.

Art. 9. Open fishing-boats and other open boats shall not be required to carry the side lights required for other vessels; but shall, if they do not carry lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on the one side, and a red slide on the other side; and on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

Fishing vessels and open boats when at anchor, or attached to their nets and stationary, shall exhibit a bright white light.

Fishing vessels and open boats shall, however, not be prevented from using in addition a flare-up, if considered expedient.