The International Seabed Authority and the Pre-cautionary Principle: Balancing Deep Seabed Mineral Mining and Marine Environmental Protection

2.4.3.2 Reversing the Burden of Proof as an Implementation Measure -- 2.4.4 The Nature of Uncertainties -- 2.4.5 Dealing with Uncertainty in Complex Systems: Adaptive Management -- 2.4.6 Examining Counter-Effects: the Aim of Net Environmental Protection -- 2.4.7 Socio-Economic Considerations -- 2.5 Framework for Analysing the Implementation of Precaution: Assessment Criteria -- Part 2 The International Seabed Authority -- 3 The International Seabed Authority and the Seabed Mining Regime -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Historical Development of the Deep Seabed Mining Regime -- 3.2.1 The Legal Status of the International Seabed and its Resources -- 3.2.2 The LOSC and Continuing Uncertainty as to the Legal Statusof the Seabed and its Resources -- 3.2.3 The 1994 Implementing Agreement and the Revision of the Common Heritage Concept -- 3.3 Mandate of the ISA -- 3.4 Institutional Organisation of the ISA -- 3.4.1 The Assembly -- 3.4.2 The Council -- 3.4.3 The Secretariat -- 3.4.4 The Legal and Technical Commission -- 3.4.5 The Economic Planning Commission -- 3.4.6 The Finance Committee -- 3.4.7 The Enterprise -- 3.5 Decision-making Processes of the ISA -- 3.5.1 Adopting Mining Regulations -- 3.5.2 Assessing Applications for Plans of Work -- 3.6 Enforcement Powers -- 3.6.1 Monitoring Compliance -- 3.6.2 Responsibilities and Liability -- 3.7 Financing the ISA -- 3.8 Dispute Settlement in the ISA Regime: The Seabed Disputes Chamber -- 3.9 Conclusion -- 4 The Environmental Mandate of the ISA -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Environmental Considerations During the Negotiations of Part XI and the Implementing Agreement -- 4.3 The General Obligation Under the Convention and the Implementing Agreement to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment -- 4.3.1 The Obligation to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment -- 4.3.2 The Environmental Mandate of the ISA