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a considerable extent of the surrounding local country, including the battle-field. The belt of public gardens around the town, on the site of the ramparts, forms an agreeable and shady promenade.

At the time of my first visit, I was anxious to see the Homœopathic Hospital, of which I had previously heard, Leipzic being the headquarters of this doctrine. I expected to have found at least forty or fifty beds filled with patients; but was rather surprised to find that the building (which is a small house in the suburbs) only contained eight, and even of these all but two or three were unoccupied. At my last visit to Leipzic, I understood that matters were going on badly with homœopathy, which indeed is now comparatively little heard of in Germany and France, except at Vienna, and only requires to be understood by the public for its absurdity to be apparent, though there will always be credulous individuals who are to be caught by any novelty, when presented under a spacious appearance, and backed by an unintelligible name. During its whole progress, it never was sanctioned by any individual of eminence in the profession, and was principally taken up as a means of acquiring wealth, or a livelihood, by persons who had never been previously heard of, or who were known as having failed to acquire practice by the honourable exercise of their profession, by whom every means were taken to puff it into notice, and to keep public attention directed to it; such as repeated histories of cures, the establishment of dispensaries, of which, I believe, the only one that remains is the abovementioned at Leipzic, even if that be still in existence; for, a few months before my arrival, the house-physician

having become convinced, during a residence of some time in the dispensary, of the nullity and danger of homœopathy, gave up his appointment, and published an exposition of the system pursued, with an account of cases, which clearly shows (what had long been evident to the bulk of the profession and the public) that the so-called cures were recoveries from ordinary ailments by the efforts of nature, which were frequently a long time under treatment; whereas, by a proper medication and attention at the outset, they might probably have been removed in a few days, and that many of the more serious cases got worse instead of better, for the want of active treatment.* It must not be supposed that the homeopathists always adhere to the principles of the doctrine. It has not unfrequently happened that persons who attributed their recovery to homoeopathy, were treated allopathetically without their being aware of it. In fact, one practitioner in Leipzic, a professed homeopathist, candidly acknowledged that he pursued both plans of treatment, and was accustomed to ask his patients by which method they would be treated, as both were equally good.†

Little had been previously heard of homoeopathy among English practitioners, till I published an account

* Ueber die Nichtikict der Homœopathie. On the Nothingness of Homœopathy.-Leipzic, 1840.

The fate of the Duke di Cannizzaro, well known some years ago in London as the Count St. Antonio, is an exemplification of this. Having to take homœopathic globules at intervals for some slight ailment, in order to save trouble he took three doses at once, and died two hours afterwards; the supposed globules being a concentrated preparation of Nux vomica.

of it and of animal magnetism, as an appendix to my work on the Medical Institutions of the Continent.*

About six hours is required for the journey from Leipzic to Berlin, which is of comparatively modern origin, and the most regularly-built city in Europe. The streets, intersecting each other at right angles, afford evidence of the military character of its founder. A wide street, with promenade beneath lime and other trees, in the centre (Unter den Linden), extends for nearly a mile from one of the city's finest monuments, the Brandenburg Gate, to the university, arsenal, museum, and royal palace, which are contiguous to each other. The palace, except from its size, is not remarkable in point of architecture; the interior is not inferior in magnificence to the other royal palaces in Germany. The museum is, however, a noble edifice, with a fine lofty portico extending the whole length of the façade, the ascent being by a magnificent flight of steps. The sculpture and statues occupy the lower hall and rotunda. The collection of pictures is larger than either at Dresden or Munich, but does not contain so many choice works. They are arranged in separate apartments, according to the various schools. The arsenal is likewise a fine building, containing a magnificent collection of arms of various kinds, and the figure of Frederick the Great, in the clothes which he wore, with many other objects of

* I beg to refer those interested in these subjects to the third editions of my works, " Hydropathy and Homœopathy impartially Appreciated, with Notes illustrative of the Influence of the Mind on the Body," and "Animal Magnetism, with Report on Clairvoyance."-Churchill, Princes-street.

interest. The university is perhaps the best in Germany, from the high repute of its professors, and the facilities afforded for the acquisition of science. The medical school stands deservedly high, and the anatomical and pathological collections are not equalled by those of any other city, with the exception of London. Among the other objects of interest may be enumerated the Egyptian Museum, in the outskirts of the town, and the manufactory of iron ornaments, which were formerly a great deal worn. During the war with Napoleon, when the government was in great financial straits, the ladies contributed their jewels and trinkets, receiving in return articles of the iron manufactory, impressed with the inscription "Ich gab gold für Eisen." The bronze statue of Blucher stands in a central and conspicuous position.

The principal street and square are the Wilhelm's Strasse and Platz; the houses are low, and the wide and badly-paved streets look, for the most part, deserted, on a comparison with those of Vienna. The equipages are also comparatively few in number. The population is, however, much smaller than in the southern capital (not much exceeding 200,000), while the city occupies a great extent of ground.

The Spree is a sluggish stream, which by no means conduces to the salubrity of the town, which is not raised above its level. This circumstance, combined with the flat and arid environs, the roads being deep in sand, renders Berlin oppressively hot in summer; and in winter it would offer but few resources, as the Berliners are not much "given to hospitality:" there is, consequently, but little cordial society, and the royal

and other parties are but monotonous affairs. The character of the Prussians is, however, of a more sterling nature than that of the southern Germans, and the different branches of literature and science are more arduously cultivated in the north. The chief source of amusement is the opera, the house being one of the finest buildings of the city, and the artistes firstrate. The pastry-cooks' and liqueur shops, at the corners of the principal streets, are favourite resorts of the inhabitants. There are also many under-ground cellars, where those of the inferior class are in the habit of congregating.

Berlin, being more of a military capital, there is but little commerce or manufactures as sources of revenue.

The Thiergarten, or park of Berlin, outside the Brandenberg gate (being the only space in the neighbourhood planted with trees), has a sombre aspect as compared with the promenades of Vienna. There are, however, concerts, and other means of recreation, provided in the summer. Most travellers will be satisfied with a few days' sojourn at Berlin. The monument to the late queen, at Charlottenberg, and the retreat of Frederick (Sans Souci), at Potsdam, are the chief objects of interest in the neighbourhood.

The railroad to Stettin and the Baltic has been open for some time; that conducting to Hamburg is of more recent construction, and is of immense advantage, not only from Berlin being thereby brought into more direct communication with other countries beyond the sea, but also because it relieves travellers of the monotonous and dreary passage along the sandy roads.

Hamburg, though a fine city, and one of the largest

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