sion from my subject to advert to some not generally suspected prevalent causes of disease in the upper classes of society; and if, by directing a greater degree of attention to these causes, I can be at all instrumental in preventing any of the frequently irremediable consequences which their persistence entails, I shall derive much satisfaction from the consciousness that my endeavours, in this respect, have not been altogether useless. LONDON, August, 1851. CONTENTS. I.-Boulogne-Paris-French Characteristics-Climate of Paris.... II.-Lyons-The Rhone-Marseilles-Climate of Provence-Hyères and its Climate--Cannes......... III.-Marseilles to Toulouse-Nismes-Pau and its Climate--Eaux Vale of Argeles-Barèges-St. Sauveur-Gavarnie-Cauterets 43 VIII.-Rome-Its Characteristics and Environs IX.-Rome-Medicine-Malaria-Living, &c.-Climate X.-Pontine Marshes-Naples, and the Neapolitans-Sorrento and XI.-Road by St. Germano to Rome-Monte Casino-From Rome to XII.-Venice, and its Climate-Pass of Ampezzo-The Simplon-The THE CONTINENT. FRANCE. CHAPTER I. BOULOGNE-PARIS-FRENCH CHARACTERISTICS-CLIMATE OF PARIS. CONSIDERING Paris as the first point to be reached by the continental visiter, each of the routes from England presents its advantages. That by Newhaven and Dieppe is the most direct and the shortest; but the sea passage being of five or six hours' duration, presents a great objection, and in the winter months the communication is altogether suspended. The entrance, moreover, to the harbour of Dieppe is not very good. The town has a population of about 20,000 souls; the Grande rue passing through its centre to the port, and containing the best hotels, presents in the season a cheerful and animated aspect. The port is spacious, and is protected by a citadel and castle. The principal inducement for a temporary sojourn at Dieppe is the sea-bathing, this being the marine establishment nearest to the metropolis. The baths are under the superintendence of a physician-inspector, as at the other sea and mineralized baths in France. B The country between Dieppe and Paris-the most fruitful part of Normandy-is agreeably diversified ; the journey occupies about five hours. At Rouen, the cathedral St. Ouen, and the spacious quays, are the chief objects deserving attention. Between Havre and Rouen the scenery along the banks of the Seine is highly interesting, especially at the part where the river widens out near Quillebœuf. Some persons, therefore, prefer the Havre passage from Shoreham, which is about two hours longer than that to Dieppe. The port of Havre admits the largest vessels, and maintains regular communication by steam with America, Russia, and other distant countries. The establishment Frascati offers resources for recreation. The English residents, however, as also the principal merchants, live at the large suburb Ingonville. The objection to a long sea-passage will, however, always induce the great majority of travellers to choose that from Folkstone or Dover to Boulogne; or from the last-named English port to Calais-which, though shortening the voyage by half an hour, prolongs the railroad journey by a few miles. Boulogne is an agreeable town for a short residence. in the summer season, and has been of late years a good deal resorted to by families from England, on account of the sea-bathing, which is excellent, a fine sandy beach extending at low water eastward of the port, which has been greatly improved by the construction of a jetty along the ridge of rocks that formerly rendered the entrance less safe. The streets are clean, wide, and have an animated appearance; and several of the shops are handsome. The lower town lies at the |