Bar-Cepha, Moses, his time, i. 515
Barchochebas, a Jewish impostor, who set himself up for the
Messiah, in the time of Adrian, iii. 488, 555
Bardesanes, the Syrian, his age, and whether the same as the
Babylonian, ii. 442 to 444; his history and works, 440
to 442; composed 150 Psalms, in imitation of David's
Psalter, 442; believed the unity of God, iv. 520
Bar-Hebræus (Gregory) called Abulpharagius, his time, i. 507
Barnabas (St.) his history, and the character of the epistle
ascribed to him, i. 283, 284; mentioned by Jerom, 284;
ii. 560, 563; to whom that epistle was written, i. 284;
when written, ibid. ; not a part of canonical scripture though
genuine, ii. 370, 374, 375. iii. 144 to 148; how quoted
by Clement of Alexandria, i. 283. 406; by Origen, 283,
549; he was not an apostle, iii. 145 to 148; reckoned by
Clement of Alexandria an apostolical man, or an apostle,
in the lower sense of the word, i. 283, 406; not reckoned
an apostle by Theodoret, iii. 13; said by Tertullian to be
the writer of the epistle to the Hebrews, i. 426
Baronius, his misrepresentation of Pliny, i. 137; thought Cy-
renius was twice governor of Syria, 162
Barratier (J. B.) his judgment concerning the Constitutions,
ii. 425; his observations upon some works of Theodoret,
iii. 10.

Barsalas, surnamed Justus, Acts i. 23; a miracle wrought
upon him, related by Papias, i. 337
Bar-Salibi (Dionysius) Bp of Amida in Mesopotamia; his
time, i. 515
Bartholomew (St.) said to have preached the gospel in India,
and to have left there St. Matthew's gospel, i. 390
Baruch, not received as a canonical book by Jerom, ii.

541, 542

Basil, Bp of Ancyra, an Arian, or Semi-Arian, his history
and works, ii. 314

Basil, Bp of Cæsarea, in Cappadocia, his time and works, ii.
465, 466; scriptures received by him, 406; marks of respect
for them, 468; a passage of his relating to the inscrip-
tion of the epissle to the Ephesians considered, 466 to
468; his honourable testimony to Gregory Thaumaturgus,
i. 597; remarks upon it, 604
Basilides of Alexandria, next after Saturninus, his character,
iii. 358; see the Contents of his chapter, iv. his time,
and the account of his heresy, i. 437; iv. 584 to 586;
confuted by Agrippa Castor, i. 437; an examination
of several opinions attributed to him, iv. 586, 587; his
opinion concerning Christ, 588, 589; his sentiments ac-
cording to Beausobre, 540; his definition of faith, 545;
he believed that the soul only would be saved, 541; he is
said to have written a gospel, i. 438, 552. ii. 562, iv. 555;
probably this is his 24 books of commentaries, iv. 555;
falsely accused of believing the indifference of actions, and
of using magic, 542 to 544; the scriptures received by
him, 554 to 555; his followers are said to have used spu-
rious books, i. 559; the Basilidians resembled the Valen-
tinians in many respects, iv. 544; these accounts prove
that the knowledge of the scriptures was much diffused in
the world, 556

Basnage (S.) his solution concerning the different names of
Herodias's first husband, rejected, i. 213; quoted, with a
remark concerning him, ii. 130; his remarks upon the
prodigies preceding the destruction of Jesusalem, as re-
lated by Josephus, iii. 520; his judicious observations
upon the accounts of M. Antoninus's deliverance in Ger-
many, iv. 98

Bassianus, put to death by Constantine, ii. 340
Batricides, his peculiar opinion concerning Simon the just,
i. 225

Bayle, his remarks upon Phlegon, iv. 63; his observation
upon the agreement of Pagan and Christian persecutions,
253; upon the miracles ascribed to Apuleius, 266; a quo-
tation from his article Cainites, 521
Beausobre (J. de) his opinion of the author of the Testa-
ments of the twelve patriarchs, i. 457; quoted and com-

mended, i. 581, 584, 619. ii. 104, 349, 392, 450, 490,
519; his vindication of the Manichees from some asper-
sions cast upon them, ii. 158, 159; his observations upon
the Manichæan notion of the design of Christ's coming,
204, 205; his account of the Ebionites, and Nazarene
Christians, 235, noted; his history of the Manichees, and
his freedom of thinking commended, 234, and note ",
240 to 242; his sentiment concerning the epistle to the
Hebrews, 391, 392; his characters of Diodorus of Tarsus
and Theodore of Mopsuestia, 519; quoted, iii. 152. 206,
332, 352, and elsewhere; his observations on the Mar-
cionite notion of Christ's delivering the wicked in hell,
but leaving the good, iv. 600, 601; quoted, 519, 536,
537, 538, 540, 542, 591, 592, 640; v. 376, 427, and in
many other places

Beausobre and Lenfant, quoted, ii. 63, 69. v. 408
Bede (Venerable) his time and testimony to the scriptures,
iii. 78, 79

Bemarchius, his history of Constantine, which was favourable
to him, iv. 310

Bengelius (J.A) quoted, iii. 30, 34

Benson (Dr. G.) quoted, i. 270, 572. ii. 287 note, 407
note *. iii. 252, 286, 293, 377 note e, 429, 430, 431, 445,
446, 469. v. 417, and elsewhere

Bentley (Dr. R.) quoted, i. 476, 624. ii. 596. iii. 68; his
remarks upon Julian's ridicule of Christian baptism, iv.
340; his remarks upon Zosimus, 415

Bernice, her descent, i. 16, 18; envied her sister Drusilla,
17; her character, 18; respected by Titus, ibid. ; interceded
with her brother Agrippa, in behalf of Justus Tiberias,
i. 40; kept a vow at Jerusalem, 115; first married to her
uncle Herod, king of Chalcis, afterwards to Polemon, 16,
213, note c

Beryllus, Bp of Bostra, i. 495; his history and time, 524
Beza (Theodore) his solution concerning Cyrenius's enrol-
ment, i. 171; his judgment concerning the Revelation, 646;
quoted v. 377, 390, 534, 539.

Bible, the origin of that word, iii. 137
Biblias, one of the martyrs at Lyons, iv. 87

Birth, natural, how the Manichees speak of it, ii. 194, 196
Biscoe, R. quoted, i. 262. iii. 259, 277, 279

Bishops, charged with pride by Jerom, iii. 572; their office
easy when slightly performed; but difficult if well per-
formed, 599.
See also Christian clergy
Bishops and elders, at first all one, iii. 32
Blackwall (d.) quoted, i. 646, 647

Blandina, maid-servant, and martyr at Lyons, i. 361; her
grievous sufferings, and wonderful patience under them,
iii. 86 to 89

Blastus, a Valentinian, to whom Irenæus wrote a letter,
i. 363
Blondel (D.) his confutation of the opinion of Grotius con-
cerning the time of the Revelation, and St. John's banish-
ment in Patmos, iii. 222; quoted, 534, 544
Blood forbidden to be eaten, in Gen. ix. 4. v. 495
Boanerges, on what account our Lord gave that surname to
St. John, and his brother James, iii. 213, 214
Bonosus, bishop, and follower of Photinus, iii. 447
Bower (A.) remarks upon his account of the Manichees,

ii. 240 to 243; his history of the popes quoted, 447 note 8.
iii. 16, 19, 20

Brekel quoted, iv. 532
Britain, Christians there in the time of Eusebius of Cæsarea,
ii. 365; of Chrysostom, 614; of Theodoret, iii. 15; and
of Gregory, bishop of Rome, 73
Bruttius Præsens, his time, and his testimony to Domitian's
persecution, iv. 56 to 58

Buddas, a disciple of Mani, said to have taken that name
instead of Terebinthus, ii. 141; no bad design therein,
iii. 171; the same as Addas, ibid.; the common accounts of
him not to be relied upon, ibid.
Buddeus, J. Fr. quoted, ii. 546
Burial allowed to malefactors in Judea, i. 89

Cæcilian, Bp of Carthage, charges against him by the Donatists, ii. 295, 296; was present at the council of Nice, 349 Cæsarea in Palestine, its inhabitants, i. 10, 101; a library erected there by Pamphilus, ii. 116, 120; it was repaired by Euxoius, Bp of that city, 120; made use of by Jerom, ibid. and Eusebius, 363; and Euthalius, iii. 38; destroyed before the middle of the seventh century, ii. 121 Caians, or Cair tes, supposed a part of the Sethians, iv. 653; the accounts of them from Epiphanius and Irenæus, incredible, 652, 653; no sect ever called themselves by that 1 name, or professed such principles, 654 Caiaphas, high priest when our Saviour was crucified, i. 79; called Joseph by Josephus, 216 Caius, adopted son of Augustus, his journey through Judea, i. 157

Caius or Gaius, to whom St. John wrote his third epistle, iii. 432

Caius, his history and time, i. 481; said to have been a disciple of Irenæus, ibid.; did not receive the epistle to the Hebrews, as Paul's, ibid, 482, 484; did not receive the Revelation, 484, 485, 637; not certain that he was a Presbyter of Rome, 482, 483; the Dialogue with Proculus a Montanist, the only piece rightly ascribed to him, 482, 484; what he writes of the martyrdoms of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome, 482; how he reckons St. Paul's'epistles, 482 to 484; the reason why he did not receive the epistle to the Hebrews, considered, 483, 484 Calama, in Numidia, a disturbance there in the year 408, occasioned by Gentile worship, iv. 478, 479 Caligula, his attempt to set up his statue at Jerusalem, i. 54; favoured Herod Agrippa, 128

Calvin (J.) quoted, v. 390, 424 Calumnies upon the Primitive Christians, what they were, and how they may be accounted for, i. 378, 452. iii.4 86 to 488; the notice taken of them by Arnobius, ii. 251, 252; and by Lactantius, 268

Cambridge manuscript, character of the, ii. 17; the same with Stephens's second MS. 19

Camerarius. (Joach.) his judgment concerning The Revelation, i. 646

Canon, several senses of the word, iii. 138; that word, and Canonical, much used, denoting books of the highest au thority, 138, 139

Canon of the O. T. the Jewish canon, received by Melito, i. 359; by Jerom, ii. 542, 579; by Rufinus, 578, 579; Augustine, 578 to 581; Chrysostom, 600, 601; Theodoret, iii. 10; Cosmas of Alexandria, 51; Gregory, Bp of Rome, 69; Leontius, 77; generally regarded by Christians, 48 to 50 Canon of the scriptures of the N. T. general observations upon

it, iii. 142 to 144; how it has been formed, 148 to 150; not settled by any authority universally acknowledged among Christians in the time of Eusebius of Cæsarea, ii. 371; nor in the time of Augustine, 578; nor in the time of Cosmas of Alexandria, iii. 54; nor in the time of Cassiodorius, 61. See likewise 5, 17; nevertheless there was a general agreement among Christians upon this head, 61; nor were there any books received as sacred by Christians in former times, beside those now generally received by us, ibid. and 48, 49. 54, 77, 91

Authors, who had the same canon of the New Testament, with that which is generally received in our times; Athanasius, ii. 400, 403. Cyril of Jerusalem, excepting that he has not the Revelation, 409, 410. In like manner the

council of Laodicea, 415. Epiphanius has the same as ́ours, 417; so likewise Basil, 465, 466; Gregory Nazian zep 470, 471; Amphilochius, 473; Gregory Nyssen, 474, 475; Jerom, 548, 561; Rufinus, 573; the third council of Carthage, 574, 575; Augustine, 578 to 579; Innocent I. bishop of Rome, 628; Isidore of Pelusium, iii. 7; Cyril of Alexandria, 9; Cassian, 17; Prosper of Aquitain, 21; Eucherius, Bp of Lyons, 29, 30; Sedulius, 34; Leo, Bp of Rome, 34, 35; Salvian, 36; Dionysius, called the Areopagite, 41; Gelasius, Bp of Rome, 42; Andrew, 43, 44; Facundus, 55, 56; Arethas, 57; Cassiodorius, 61, 62; the author of the Imperfect Work, 66; Photius, 82; Oecumenius, 84, 85; Nicephorus Callisti, 90 to 92; Theophylact, excepting the Revelation, 87, 88 Canterbury (The Archbishop of his sermon quoted with respect, iv. 398

Canticles (The book of) quoted by Ephrem, ii. 481; Pacian, 491; Ambrose of Milan, 493; Commentaries upon it by Rheticius, 441, and by Triphyllus, 442; received by Paulinus, 629; Theodoret, iii. 9, 10; Arethas, 57; the author of the Imperfect Work, 64; Gregory, Bp of Rome, 69; is in the catalogue of Dionysius called the Areopagite, 41; in the Alexandrian MS. 45. See Solomon Capernaum, called our Lord's own city, and why, ii. 612 Capito, collector of the Roman tribute in Judea, i. 50,

note a

Capitolinus (Jul.) his account of M. Antoninus's deliverance in Germany, iv. 102

Captain of the temple, a Jewish officer, i. 26, 58, 59 Captain of the guard, at Rome, prisoners sent to him from the provinces, i. 129; sometimes there were two, 130 Carabas, a distracted fellow at Alexandria, i. 88 Caracalla, a story told of him, when young, by Spartian, iv. 166; had a Christian nurse, ibid.; the Christians had an advantage by his act of indemnity, 168 Carpocrates, an account of him from ancient authors, iv. 556, 557; his time, 557; he and his followers believed that the world was made by angels, 558; that Jesus Christ was born of Joseph and Mary, ibid.; accusations against them, 559,560, 561; the improbability of these accusations, 562; a general view of what they believed, 560; what scriptures they received, 563 Carter, Mrs. Elix. her translation of Epictetus quoted and commended, iv. 46, 47, 49, 50

Carthage, The third Council of, its time, and the scriptures received by the bishops there assembled, ii. 574, 575 Casaubon (J.) a remark of his upon a passage in Ignatius, i. 323; his observations upon Lampridius quoted and commended, iv. 55

Casley (D.) his remarks upon a passage in Augustine, ii. 595; quoted, iii. 45

Cassian (John) his country, works, and testimony to the scriptures, iii. 16 to 18; reckoned an opposer of the Augustinian doctrine, 18; how he treats Nestorius, and others called heretics, ibid.

Cassianus (Julius) or Cassian, an heretical writer of the second century, mentioned by Clement of Alexandria, i. 408; one of the Docetæ, who argued from the Old as well as the New Testament, iv. 681; his opinions and country, 682

Cassiodorius, (M. A.) Senator, his time and works, and testimony to the scriptures, iii. 59 to 62; à Latin translation of the Adumbrations of Clement of Alexandria, made by his order, i. 399, 404 Castle, at Jerusalem, see Antonia CATALOGUES of the books of the Old Testament; Melito's, i. 359; Jerom's, ii. 539, 540; three such catalogues taken notice of by Eusebius, 393; such catalogues of several recited, namely, from the book of Ecclesiasticus, Philo, the New Testament, Josephus, Melito, Origen, Athanasius, Cyril of Jerusalem, Epiphanius, 543 to 545 CATALOGUES of the books of the Old and New Testament in Origen, i. 532 to 542; Athanasius, ii. 400; in the Synopsis

ascribed to him, 403, 404; in Cyril of Jerusalem, 409; in the canons of the council of Laodicea, 414; in Epiphanius, 416 to 419; in the 85th canon, called apostolical, 440; in Gregory Nazianzen, 470; in Amphilochius, 473; in Ebedjesu, 488; in Philaster, 522; in Jerom, 548, 549; Rufinus, 573; the third council of Carthage, 574, 575; Augustine, 578, 579; Chrysostom, 601, 602; Innocent, Bp of Rome, 628; Gelasius, Bp of Rome, iii. 42; Dionysius, called the Areopagite, 41; the Alexandrian MS. 44, 45; Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople, 47, 48; the Stichometry of Coteleriu^, 49 ; Cassiodorius, 59, 60; Isidore of Seville, 73 to 75; Leontius, 76, 77; J. Damascenus, 79, 80 CATALOGUES of the books of the New Testament, see several in Origen, i. 532, 533; recited in divers passages of Eusebius of Cæsarea, ii. 368 to 371, who makes several sorts or classes of books-universally received-generally received controverted - received by a few: sometimes called by him spurious-lastly, such as were universally rejected by catholic Christians, as contrary to the apostolical doctrine, 371 to 375;. the catalogue of Nicephorus Callisti, 429, 430. And see the preceding article. Catholic epistles, received by the Manichees, ii. 216, and the Paulicians, 239; seldom quoted by Chrysostom, Theodoret, and other writers of the fourth and fifth centuries, who lived in the East, 438, 439; freely quoted by Cyril of Alexandria, iii. 11, 12 CATHOLIC EPISTLES (SEVEN ;) the antiquity and reason of that denomination, iii. 366; called also canonical, ibid. ; by whom received in several ages, 367; well known and received by many in the time of Eusebius, ii. 369, 373, 374; received by Athanasius, 400, 401; by the author of the Synopsis of sacred scripture, 404; Cyril of Jerusalem, 410; Epiphanius, 417 to 419; Seven in the catalogue of Gregory Nazianzen, 470, and of Amphilochius, 4735 Three only received by the Syrians, 488, 489; and by Chrysostom, 602, 607, 608; Severian, bishop of Gabala, 620; Theodoret, iii. 12; Cosmas, 51, 52, 53; Seven received by Jerom, ii. 548; Rufinus, 573; the third council of Carthage, 575; Augustine, 579, 587; their Order; in. 367; in Jerom, ii. 548; Rufinus, 573; the third council of Carthage, 575; Augustine, 588; Seven gene. rally received at Alexandria, and in Egypt, in the fiftit century, iii. 39; and by many in the sixth century, 53; Seven received by Innocent, bishop of Rome, ii. 628; Palladius, iii. 5; Isidore of Pelusium, 7; Cyril of Alexandria, 9; Euthalius, who put out an edition of them, and divided them into chapters and sections, 38; the author of the Calling of the Gentiles, 22; and of the Divine Promises and Predictions, ibid.; Gelasius, Bp of Rome, 42; Andrew, 43; Gregory, Bp of Rome, 70, 71% Leontius, 77; the author of the Imperfect Work, 66; J. Damascenus, 80; Photius, 82; Theophylact› [probably,] 88; Oecumenius, who wrote a Commentary upon them, 84; Nicephorus Callisti, 91; their time and order, according to Bede, 78, 79; a Commentary upon them by Didymus, i. 404; ii. 478; by Cassiodorius, and their order in him, iii. 61, 62; in the Alexandrian MS. 45; in the Stichometry of Nicephorus, 48; and that from Cotelerius, 49; Five of them doubted of by some in the east, 59 Celer, the tribune, beheaded at Jerusalem, i. 104 Celestinus, Bp of Rome, how he persecuted the Novatians, ii. 57

Cellarius, (Ch.) his Observations upon the Christianity ascribed to the emperor Philip commended, iv. 189, 191 Celsus, a Christian writer, whether Bp of Iconium uncertain, i. 438

is still preserved, iv. 113, 114; his passages representing the Jewish expectation of the Messiah, 114, 115; passages containing references to the books of the New Testament, 115 to 120, 143, 145; his references to Christian facts, chiefly such as are recorded in the books of the New Testament, 121 to 130, 143, 144; passages concerning Christian principles, 130 to 134; concerning the progress of the Christian religion, 134 to 137; how he charges Christians with magical practices, 137; concerning the worship and assemblies of Christians, 137, 138; concerning those called Hereties, 138, 139; injurious reflections upon the Christians, 139 to 141; remarks upon the work of Celsus, and Origen's answer, i. 526, 545, 557, iv. 141, 142; a recas pitulation of the extracts made from the work of Celsus, 142 to 144; a summary of the work of Celsus by Dr Doddridge, 145 to 147; by Dr. J. Leland, 147, 148; by Dr. Sherlock, 148, 149; see also 110, 111; and the word Scriptures, v. in this Index

Censors, at Rome, and in the provinces, their office and. power, i. 1431

Census; see Assessment

Celsus the Epicurean, quoted, i. 74; what he says of a Christian dialogue, 438; he called the Christians Sibyllists, 451; how he reviled the apostles, 549; his time and character, and work against the Christians, which work Origen answered in eight books, in which a large part of the work

VOL. V.

Cerdon, his time and opinions, iv. 585 to 587; an admirer of virginity, and is said to have recanted his errors, 597; what scriptures were received by him, 588 Ceres, her statue at Enna plundered by Verres, i. 95 Cerinthus, confuted in St. John's gospel, according to Irenæus, i. 367; whether St. John met him-in a bath at Ephesus, 325, iv. 564; Caius is said to have written against him, 482; what Caius said of him, and that he forged a Revelation, 484; The Revelation ascribed to him, 634; but he was not the author, 638; his opinions, 638, 639; doubtful whether he was a Chiliast, 639; did not corrupt the Revelation, 641; an account of him from ancient authors, iv. 564 to 566; of his time and history, 566, 567; his sentiments, 567 to 569; zealous for the Mosaic law, 568; his morals vindicated, 569; what scriptures he received, 570, 571; did not reject the first or second chapter of St. Matthew, 570" Cestius Gallus, governor of Syria; his unsuccessful expedition into Judea, iii. 505 to 507

Chain; the Roman method of chaining prisoners, i. 127; Agrippa presented with a gold chain by Caligula, 128 Chalcidius, his time, work, and character, iv. 305; his testimony to the appearance of an extraordinary star at the time of our Saviour's nativity, 3c6 Chandler (Dr.) commended, iii. 61; his Letter concerning the paragraph in Josephus concerning Christ, with Dr.. Larder's answer, i. p. xlv and xlvi Chapman, (Dr. J.) quoted, ii. 247; his argument for the continuance of miraculous powers in the church after the times of the apostles, iv. 159; his account of the stipends of the philosophers and sophists in the second century, 159, note; quoted again, 160, 238, 255Chapters; whether the books of the New Testament were divided into sections in the time of Tertullian, i. 433; an account of their being so divided afterwards by Euthalius, and another learned Christian, iii. 38 Chapters, (the Three) what they were, ii. 530 Chrestus, whether thereby Suetonius understood Christ, i. 135 CHRIST, OF MESSIAH, the ground and reason of that character, v. 426, 427; how the word is used by some ancient Christian writers, i. 178, 179% early different opinions concerning his person, 235; the time of his ministry, 138; the ends of his death, according to Arnobius, 253; according to Lactantius, 271, 272; according to Augustine, 598, 599; his priestly office not insisted on by Lactantius, 277; Christ, the Son of man, a sernion, v. 192; the Son of God, a sermon, 197; his thirst upon the cross, a seion, 157; his greatness in his last sufferings, a sermon, 161; divine testimonials given him during his last sufferings, a sermon, 175; made a curse for us, a ser mon, 260; the power and efficacy of his doctrine, a ser4 C

mon, 131; little children brought to him, a sermon, 95; his poverty our riches, a sermon, 202; his farewell wish of peace to his disciples, a sermon, 207; praying in his name, a sermon, 218; the woman anointing him, a sermon, 229; upon what ground, the Manichecs believed in him, ii. 200; they believed him to be God, but not man, 200 to 203; they denied his nativity, 201, 202; and his real death, 203; did not reckon his death a sacrifice for sin, 204, 205. That Christ did not write the New Testament, 221; the Manichees had no Letter of Christ, 227; the opinions of other Heretics concerning Christ, iv. 511, 539, 54, 567, 568, 580, 600 to 605, 643, 644, 649 Christian, the origin of that name, ii. 531; the great honour of it, 612

Christian clergy, censured, by Sulpicius, ii. 622, 623; by Julian Pomerius, iii. 23; not called priests and Levites by the first Christians, ii. 430, 434 Christian doctrine, remarks upon some difficulties concerning it, i. p. xli to xliši

CHRISTIAN RELIGION; the nature and design of it, and its happy effects, ii. 248, 250, 267, 268, 363, 364; called the divine philosophy, 365; arguments for it, 249 to 251; objections against it, 251, 252; writers against it, 267, 282; how it prevailed against opposition, i. 532; its early progress in the East and the West, 614, note h; when planted in Persia, ii. 234; has withstood many difficulties, 236; its evidence not weakened by the Manichees, ibid. its swift and wonderful progress in the world, and its truth asserted, ii. 250, 256, 292, 360, 365, 366, 487, 525, 572, 613, 614; iii. 7, 13 to 15, 55; and see Arnobius and Lactantius. Its great progress in the time of Pliny and Trajan, iv. 39, 40; of Adrian, 53, 54; of M. Antoninus, 81, 91, 92; of Celsus, 134 to 136; of Lucian, 152; of Domitian, attested by Dion Cassius, 184, 185; by Porphyry, 234, 297; and by all authors who wrote against the Christians, and by all edicts of persecuting emperors, 297, 298. The state of Christianity under heathen emperors, 298. Some evidences of the Christian religion are not weakened, but gain force by length of time, v. 46 CHRISTIANS: the origin of that denomination, ii. 266, 267; their moderation toward men of different sentiments, i. 531; their patience and fortitude under sufferings, 613; their kindness to each other, and to heathens in affliction, 612, ii. 6; their innocence, 268; their fortitude under sufferings, 272; did not persecute, 274, 275; not denominated from their bishops, nor from the apostles, but from Christ, 399, 420; the fortitude of the primitive Christians celebrated by Salvian, iii. 37; how treated by the unbelieving Jews, 487, 488; they left Jerusalem before the -siege of that place began, 496, 507, 529; well known in the time of Pliny and Trajan, iv. 16; there were no Imperial edicts for persecuting them when Pliny went into his province, ibid.; they suffered under Heathen emperors, as Christians, for the name only, without any crimes proved against them, 17, 18, 29, 88, 93. See by all means note c p. 29; their innocence attested by Pliny and Trajan, 26, 29, 41; their sincere respect for the authority of civil magistrates, 25, 42; were numerous in the time of Pliny and Trajan, 26; their sufferings in times of persecution were very grievous, 92, 93; their fortitude and patience under them, 93, 94; they were steady in the profession of the truth, 40; their steadiness applauded, 28; their principles and worship, 40 to 42, 130 to 134, 137, 138; their innocence, and eminent virtue, 42, 93, 138; their early and principal adversaries who wrote against them, 110 to 112; falsely accused of worshipping Serapis, 548; vindicated from some charges as if they were too forward in exposing themselves to sufferings, 42, 76, 77; were sometimes ridiculed by heathen authors, 155; favoured in the time of Caracalla, 166, 168; their heavy sufferings after the publication of the edict of Severus against them, and also before it, 168 to 170; were numerous in the

Roman empire before the conversion of Constantine, 302; their good character in the first three centuries, 303, 304 i a testimony to their good manners in Julian, 345; great corruptions of manners among them afterwards, ac according to Salvian, iii. 37 Chromatius, Bp of Aquileia, his time and eminence, ii. 624; his works, and testimony to the scriptures, 625 Chronicles, the usefulness of those books, ii. 548 Chrysanthius, high-priest of Lydia, in the time of Julian, his moderation, iv. 383, 384; how he acted when sent for by Julian to come to court, 453 Chrysanthus, Novatian Bp at Constantinople, ii. 56 Chrysostom, (John) Bp of Constantinople; his time, ii. 600; a Synopsis of scripture ascribed to him, 601; his testimony to the New Testament, 602 to 608; books of the New Testament received by him, 608; marks of respect for the scriptures, 608 to 611; some texts interpreted, 611, 612; his observations concerning our Saviour, the apostles and evangelists, the Christian religion, &c. 612 to 619; he often argued against the Manichees, 148; what he says of Manichæan virgins, 160; his remark upon the History of Apollonius Tyanæus, iv. 269; his differences with the empress, as related by Zosimus, 410, 411; quoted, v. 387, note 427; obscure through oratory, ii. 110, 111 Churches, St. Paul writes to seven churches, ii. 23, 24, 556; the apostolical churches mentioned in the New Testa ment, 585

a

Churches; how to be built according to the Constitutions, ii. 430; in the primitive times Christians had not spacious buildings to meet in, ilid, and see i. 548, 549

Cicero, heathen people offended at his works, ii. 253; whether Lactantius took pleasure in opposing him, 280; quoted, v. 420

Citizenship of Rome, bought with a great sum, i. 124, 125 Clark's (S.) Annotations on Phil. ii. 5 to 9, quoted and commended, v. 31.1

Clarke, (Dr. S.) how he quotes Phlegon, iv. 60; does not quote Thallus, 67; quoted, iii. 390; v. 324, 372, 373, 374, 375, 388, 389, 406, 431

Claudian, his time and works, iv. 388; his testimony to the victory of Theodosius over Eugenius, A. D. 394, pp. 389, to 392 Claudius restores to the Jews all their privileges, of which they had been deprived by Caligula, i. 28; permits the Jews to keep the high priest's vestment, 100; banishes Cumanus, predecessor to Felix, and condemns Celer to be beheaded at Jerusalem, 104; banished the Jews from Rome, 135; a famine in his time, 131 to 134 Clayton, (R. late Bp of Clogher) quoted, v. 372, 423, 427 428 to 431 Clement of Alexandria, his history, time, character, and works, i. 393, 394; his testimony to the books of the New Tes tament, 395 to 407; a difficult passage of his, relating to St. Mark's gospel, explained, 395 to 398; his Adumbrations, 392, 399; how he quotes apocryphal books, 407 to 412; commended by Alexander, Bp of Jerusalem, 493; his account of the Heretics, Basilidians, v. 537, 538, 542; Carpocrates and Epiphanes, 556, 557; Cassian, 681, 682; Prodicus, 571

Clement of Rome, not of Jewish extraction, iii. 99, note • ; not a martyr, nor related to the Roman emperors, i. 293; his epistle to the Corinthians, and the time of writing it, 289 to 291; that epistle read in some churches on the Lord's day, 291, 292; Photius's character of it, 290, note; his only genuine work, ibid.; the second epistle, ascribed to him, not his, 291 to 293; not author of the Constitutions, or Recognitions, or other books ascribed to him, 292, 466 to 468, 472; his epistle to the Corinthians is quoted by Irenæus, 374; by Clement of Alexandria, 406; by Origen, 549; was one of St. Paul's fellowlabourers, 550; acquainted with apostles, and apostolical men, ii. 92; his epistle, though genuine, not a part of the

The epistle to the Hebrews was received by this writer, and Christians had then a great regard for the sacred scriptures, 445

Clement, (Flavius) a relation of Domitian, and consul of Rome, put to death by that emperor, ii. 293; iii. 621 to 622; iv. 184, 185

Clementine Homilies, the work of an Ebionite, i. 472, 474; the same as the Dialogues of Peter and Appion, 472, 473 Clementine Epitome, an account of that work, i. 474, 475 Clerc, (J. Le) quoted, i. 165, 177, 195, 222, 294, 323; iii. 150, 250; V. 534, 536; asserts that the apostolical fathers do not quote apocryphal books, cious observations of his upon the same fathers, 334; his 324; other judiopinion, but without sufficient reason, that Clement of Alexandria did not distinguish apocryphal books from others, 407, 408; a mistake of his concerning the number of the books of the New Testament quoted by Irenæus, 371, 372; his observations upon the treatment given to heathens by Constantine, and afterwards, i. 345; iv. 494; his opinion of the Constitutions, ii. 424, 425; his commendation of a work of Jerom, 565; his judgment concerning Augustine, 576, 577; his fine observations upon the evangelists, and that St. Mark is not an abridger of St. Matthew, 584; his judicious observations upon Pliny's letter concerning the Christians, and Trajan's rescript, iv. 16 to 20, 21, 31, 32; upon M. Antoninus's Meditations, 75, 76 Calestis, the goddess, her temple at Carthage demolished, A.D. 399, iv. 477

Colonia, (D.) quoted, iii. 607; he acknowledges the superstition of Pliny, iv. 37; his judgment upon Phlegon, 64; upon Dionysius the Areopagite, 68; receives the Philosophy of oracless a work of Porphyry, 238 Colonies, Roman, their nature, i. 43

Colosse, the church there planted by St. Paul, iii. 11, 362 to 366; the epistle to them when and where written, 322 Commentaries upon the four gospels, i. 384 Commodian, contemporary with Cyprian; his history, and character, and work, ii. 72; select passages from him, 72, 73; his testimony to the scriptures, 73 Conclusion of the second century, heathen sayings of the Christians, iv. 162; anecdotes concerning divers heathen governors, who persecuted the Christians, or were favourable to them, 162, 163; remarks concerning the number of heathen writers, who have mentioned the Christians, 163 to 165

Conformity to this world forbidden to Christians: two dis

courses, v. 14

Consideration, the Duty of, a sermon, v. 63
Constantine, the first Christian emperor, receives addresses

563

from the Donatists, ii. 297; appoints a council at Rome, and afterwards another at Arles, to hear their cause, ibid. and decides it himself, 297, 298; his parentage, and the time and place of his birth, 321, 322; leaves Galerius, and goes to his father Constantius, 325; succeeds his father, ibid.; gives his sister Constantia in marriage to Licinius, 326; his death, and the duration of his reign, 327; his conversion to the Christian religion, ibid.; said to have seen a luminous cross in the heavens, 328; several opinions about it, 329; observations upon the account of it, 329 to 333; gives liberty to the Christians, 334; his edicts in their favour, ibid. ; grants privileges to the Catholics and their ministers, 334, 335; churches built by him, 336; abolishes the punishment of the cross, 339; his character, ibid.; remarks upon his reign, 339 to 346; his testimony to the scriptures, 346, 347; convened the council of Nice, 348; his letter to Alexander and Arius commended, 355; said to have inquired after Heretics, ii. 162; his history written by Praxagoras and Bemarchius, both heathen authors, and favourable to him, iv. 309, 310; the account of his conversion in Zosimus, and the several blemishes of his reign, and reflections upon him, considered, 399 to 401; and see 370, 371; concerning his building Constantinople, 402 to 405; his edict for a general toleration rehearsed, 436 Constantine und Licinius, their edicts in favour of the Christians, iv. 288, 289 to 291; the conversion of Constantine a great advantage to the Christians, 294 Constantinople, consecrated by Constantine, ii. 346 Constantius, father of Constantine, his family, ii. 323; his character, 323, 324; moderated the persecution in his part of the empire, 324; his marriage with Claudia Theodora, daughter-in-law of Maximian Herculius, and his children by her, 323; his death, 325 Constitutions and canons, (The apostolical) Pearson's opinion of them, i. 500; how quoted by Epiphanius, iv. 421, 422; the judgment of moderns concerning them, 423, 425; drawn up in the name of the apostles, 425; not quoted by the writers of the first three centuries, 427; their manner of citing the books of the N. T. not suitable to the apostles, 429; have in them many things not suited to the times of the apostles, 430 to 435; things unworthy of the apostles, 435, 436; inconsistencies, 436; expressions betraying a late age, 437; are an imposture, ibid the author's testimony to the scriptures, 438, 439; the eighty-fifth apostolical canon not ancient, 440; whether the constitutions are quoted by Irenæus, i. 375; quoted in the Imperfect Work, iii. 66; whether quoted by Damascenus, 80 Consubstantial, see Homousian.