This apportionment, which took place March 3d, 1833, is in the ratio of one Representative for every 47,700 inhabitants. Erie Canal; from Albany to Lake Erie, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; from Washington City to Pittsburg, Miles. 363 341 Total, 313 306 Grand Pennsylvania Canal; from Columbia, on the Susquehanna River, to Holidaysburg, 172 miles-thence to Johnstown by a Rail-road of 37 miles, over the Alleghany Mountains-from thence by Canal to Pittsburg, 104 miles, Ohio State Canal; from Portsmouth, on the Ohio river, to Cleveland, on Lake Erie, 265 204 Total, 117 Schuylkill Canal and Navigation, from Philadelphia to Port Carbon,. 110 101 New Orleans and Teche River Canal; from opposite New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, 100 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. We are permitted to transfer to our pages the following very interesting statistics, in regard to the United States, which appeared in the Quarterly Register, for August, 1833, through the kindness of the editor of that valuable work. To a reflecting man, one of the most interesting subjects of thought is the rapid multiplication of the inhabitants of this country. To the political economist, the philanthropist, or the Christian, there are questions connected with it of vital importance. In respect to the certainty of the increase, the most cautious calculator cannot be sceptical. We know not, indeed, what causes may intervene, in the providence of God, to diminish the ratio of increase, or to make the population stationary. Pestilences, servile or civil wars, may be commissioned to desolate our towns; still, judging from experience, and from many things in the present aspect of the country, we are disposed to calculate upon a vast augmentation of the existing population. 1. There is yet an unmeasured amount of rich land unoccupied. The regions west and north of St. Louis, Missouri, have hardly been visited by white men. The extent of the country may be seen from the fact, that St. Louis is considerably east of the real centre of the valley of the Mississippi. Cincinnati is almost a frontier town on the eastern side. 2. All the old states can support a far greater amount of population than now exists in their limits. Massachusetts, which has about eighty-one inhabitants to a square mile, might support two hundred and thirty, with the same ease that England now does. At this rate, the population of the United States would amount to more than four hundred and fifty millions. 3. Lands, which are now tolerably well cultivated, are susceptible of a far higher degree of improvement, and could support a far denser population; while vast tracts of stony, mountainous, and swampy land may be reclaimed. Old England herself has yet seven millions of acres of uncultivated land. 4. A considerable portion of the unoccupied territory of the United States is in a climate almost tropical, where the vegetable productions are far more numerous and nutritious than in colder climates. Florida has hardly one inhabitant to a square mile; Mississippi, but three; Alabama, but six or seven; and the whole southern country, but nine or ten. 5. From late experiments, it would seem that the land in the slave states, which was supposed to have been rendered irreclaimably barren by slave labor, is not totally exhausted, but can, by good management, be brought again into a highly productive state. 6. There is a strong probability that Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia,, Virginia, Kentucky, and perhaps Missouri and Tennessee, will become, in the lapse of a few years, free states. The tendencies to the extirpation of slavery are by no means equivocal. Slave labor cannot come into competition with free labor, in any form, or in any kind of business. The farmer in Ohio can raise many articles, and carry them into Kentucky, and undersell the Kentucky slaveholder, and yet sell profitably. There is a competition between slave and free labor commenced, from the capes of Delaware to Missouri, and the slaves are fleeing before it. If the northern slave-holding states should become free, of course they would admit a great increase of population. 7. The comparative absence of monopolies and large incorporated establishments, is a favorable circumstance. These, as it is well known, destroy competition, repress industry and invention, and throw many obstacles in the way of an increase of population. The monopolies of the East India Company in England have doubtless, in many forms, diminished the population of the mother country, and of the colonies. 63 42* 8. Our principal reason for anticipating a large increase in the population of the country, arises from the influence of moral causes. It is righteousness which increases as well as exalts a nation, and it is by sin that they are diminished. The temperance reform is laying the axe at the root of the evil. It is taking away the CAUSES of sickness and of premature death. It is multiplying the sources of wealth. It is destroying the hereditary diseases which have cursed father and son, mother and daughter, to the tenth generation. It is enabling a father to provide for a large family of children when young, and for children to provide for themselves at an early age. It is cultivating those moral habits, and that sense of accountability to God, which are highly favorable to the happiness and enlargement of the human species. It is saving a large amount of national wealth, for purposes of internal improvement and social enjoyment. The same might be said of other departments of Christian labor. The circulation of the Bible, and the multiplication of Christian ministers, tend most essentially to national prosperity. Christianity is the friend of nations. We now present to our readers some calculations and details on the subject of our population, prepared for the Register, by an individual well acquainted with such subjects-the Rev. William S. Porter. Settled 1630. MAINE. State 1820. 411,400 423,500 436,100 449,000 462,300 Population. Inc. per cent. 10 1790, 96,540 yrs. 10y. 1 y. 1800, 151,719 55,179 57,9 4,7 1831, 1810, 228,705 76,986 50,7 4,21832, 1820, 298,335 69,630 30,4 2,7 1833, 1830, 399,462 101,127 33,9 3,0 1834, 1840, 535,000 | 135,538 | 33,9|3,0|1835, The rate of increase, from 1830 to 1840, is taken the same as from 1820 to 1830.The physical resources are great, as forests, water power, fisheries, &c.; consequently, the increase of population must continue about the same, at the annual rate of somewhat less than three per cent. 1790, 378,787 16,1 1,5 1831, 284,900 1800, 251,002 13,056 5,5 5 1831, 300,200 4,3 4 1832, 302,700 13,306 5,1 5 1833, 305,200 22,463 8,2 8 1834, 307,700 8,4 8 1835, 310,200 (See New Hampshire.) Notwithstand- will probably continue for many years, a ing the increase of manufactories, the little more than 2,3 per cent. constant emigration to the west, and to New York city, will prevent any considerable alteration in the increase. NEW YORK. Settled 1788. per cent. OHIO. Govt. 1789. State 1802. years. 10 y. 1 y. 1800, 45,365 42,365 Population increase 1,6 per 1810, 1820, 1 y. cent. +27,000 1830, 230,760 185,395 409, 581,434 350,674 152, 937,679 356,245 61,3 1840, 1,300,000 362,321 | 38,6 17,7 1832, 1,010,000 Settled 1614. Population. 1790, 1800, 1810, Inc. per cent. 10 years 10 y. 340,120 586,050 245,930 72,3 5,6 1831, 1,961,000 959,049 372,999 63,7 5,0 1832, 2,019,000 1820, 1,372,812 413,763 43,1 3,7 1833, 2,077,000 1830, 1,913,508 540,696 39,4 3,4 1834, 2,136,000 1840, 2,500,000 586,492 |30,7|2,71835, 2,196,000 The resources of New York are very great; but as most of the productive land has been taken up, the rate of increase cannot be as great as at former periods. The increase will probably continue at something more than arithmetical ratio. Hence the two are blended by adding 1,6 per cent, the half rate of 3,2 per cent. to 27,000, the half arithmetical increase of 54,000. Population inc. 36,200 1831, 974,000 9,7 1833, 1,047,000 4,9 1834, 1,083,000 3.3 1835, 1,120,000 The resources of Ohio are by no means yet developed. The soil is extremely fertile, and very little waste land. The capopulation, as well as the enterprise of nals will produce a great increase of free, industrious, and ingenious inhabitants. This state is capable of supporting as dense a population as Ireland or Holland. has greater commercial privileges. By No inland country in the world the Welland canal, they communicate with lake Ontario and Lower Canada; by the Erie canal, with the eastern and middle states, and by the Ohio river, with the south-western. Nothing is wanting but the wealth of New York, to render this, at no distant period, the first state in the union. Population. Settled 1634. 1831, 77,100 1832, 77,500 1833, 77,900 1834, 78,300 1835, 78,700 Inc. per cent. years. 10 y. 1 y. Population increase 4,000 1800, 345,824 8 26,096 8,2 1810, 380,546 34,722 10,0 1820, 407,350 26,804 7,0 1830, 446,913 39,563 9,7 1840, 487,000 40,087 9,0 The gold mines in this state will produce considerable increase in those districts. The western parts are far distant from market, and the eastern parts are so much poorer land than Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Missouri, &c., whose products are the same, that they can increase but little. The increase in this state has been very uniform. 1790, 249,073] SOUTH CAROLINA. Population. Inc. per cent. Population. 10 years. 10 y. 1 y. increase 7,000 1831, 451,000 1800, 345,591 96,518 38,7 3,31831, 588,000 1,0 1832, 455,000 1810, 415,115 69,524 20,1 1,8 71833, 459,000 1820, 502,741 87,626 21.1 1,9 91834, 463,000 1830, 581,458 78,717 15,7 1,5 9 1835, 467,000 1840, 651.000 69,542 12.0 1,1 1832, 595,000 1833, 602,000 1834, 609,000 1835, 616,000 The south-western states compete still more with South Carolina than with North; consequently the increase must be less; the rail road and canals, however, will have some effect in raising it, so that 7,000 may be taken as a medium. Population. 1790, 82,548 1800, 162,686 1810, 252,433 1820, 340,989 1830, 516,567 1820, 33,039 9,016 37,6 1830, 39,858 9,819 20,6 1840, 50,000 10,142 25,4 The canal will produce some increase, 1840, 701,090| 184,433|35,7| 3,1 1835, 602,000 |