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subsequent to the religious revolution of the sixteenth cen'tury, religion became less directly social in its action; and if the action and interference of what is now called the State in every department of social life is continually extending, this may not inaptly be said to be due to the fact that it has largely taken up the direct social work and direction from which the Church found herself perhaps compelled to recede, in order to concentrate her efforts more intensely on the promotion of more purely and strictly religious influences. It is impossible to study the available sources of information about the period immediately preceding the change without recognising that, so far from the Church being a merely effete or corrupt agency in the commonwealth, it was an active power for popular good in a very wide sense. At any rate, whatever view we may take of the results of the Reformation, to understand rightly the conditions of religious thought and life on the eve of the religious revolution is a condition of being able really to read aright our own time and to gauge the extent to which present tendencies find their root or their justification in the past.

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Basle, printing-press at, 146
Baynard's Castle, meeting at, 62
Beccles, foundation at, 359
Becket, Thomas, 388

Bede-roll, 295, 299

Benedict XII., 92

Benedictine Order, average of gra-

duates at Oxford, 39

Benefices, 50, 94, 96, note, 311
Benefit of clergy, 50

Bequests, medieval, 343 et seq.
Bere, Abbot, of Glastonbury, 36, and

note

Berthelet, publisher, 65, note, 66,
87, note, 90, note, 95, note, 98, 121,
note, 262

Bible, the Bishops', 218

Bible, Erasmus' translation, 148 et
seq.

Bible, English, hostility to, 208;
evidence of Catholic acceptance,
209, 213-214, 218; supposed early
Catholic version, 209, 213, 218;
persecutions for possession ex-
amined, 212, and note, 213 ; trans-
lations authorised, 213-214, 218-
219; not prohibited, 218, 243-244;
absence of popular demand for,
220-221; Tyndale's version and
Luther's share in it, 222 et seq.;
useless without interpretation, 243
Bishops, and ordination, 131; and
spiritual jurisdiction, 135; obstacles
to Reformation, 390
Blackfriars, meetings at, 61
Bombasius, Paul, 31, and note
Bond, William, 74, 268
Boniface VIII., Pope, 88

Books, heretical, prohibited, 189-191;
More on heretical, 193, et seq.

Books, earliest printed, largely re-
ligious, 277

Bourbon, Duke of, 203

Boyer, Sebastian, Court physician,

14I

Brentano, Mr., cited, 319-320
Brethren of St. John's, 329; and
Hospital, 330

Bretton, William, 272, and note
Brewer, Mr., cited, 129-130, 187, 220,
246

Brotherhoods, Parish, 305
Brunfels, Otto, 171

Brygott, Richard, prior of Westacre,

41

Bucer, 189

Burials, 49

Burnet, historian, cited, 4

Bury St. Edmunds, chantries at, 360
Butley, Priory of, 40

CALENDAR of papers, domestic and
foreign, of reign of Henry VIII., 3
Cambray, Bishop of, 140

Cambridge, portions of Prior Selling's
library at, 30; monastic students
at, 40; petition of scholars to the
king, 43

Campeggio, Cardinal, 158, 159, 160
Canterbury, Archbishop of, on clerical
immunity, 62

Canterbury, entertainment of Em-

peror Manuel at Christchurch, 20;
Selling and Hadley, monks of
Christchurch, 22 et seq.; Canter-
bury College at Oxford, 25, and
note; St. Augustine's and the lite-
rary movement, 37

Caraffa, Cardinal, afterwards Paul
IV., 93, 95, 385

Carmelites, origin, 104; responsi-
bility for Lutheranism, 173
Caxton, 243, note

Chalcocondylas, Demetrius, 22, 26
Chantries, 109, 352, 353
Chapels of ease, 363

Chaplains, evil effects of their posi-
tion, 122-123
Charnock, Prior, 36
Chaucer cited, 365

Children, and idols, 257; religious
instruction of, 274, 275-276
Christchurch, see Canterbury

Christianity and the classical revival,
179-182

Chrysoloras, Manuel, Greek scholar,
21, and note
Chrysostom, St., cited, 108
Church, position of, prior to Refor-
mation, 1, 130, 187; need of re-
form in, 5 et seq.; attitude to
learning, 14, 19, 32-36, 38; hosti-
lity to "New Learning" explained,
14 et seq., 18; limits of jurisdiction,
47; and disputations entailed,
ibid.; State right to regulate tem-
poralities of, 48 et seq.; king as
supreme head, 59, 99; rights, 59;
what constitutes, 63; riches coveted,
67; Pope as head, 74 et seq.; Papal
Commission appointed to save,
93; evils in, and how caused, 94;
abuses pointed out by Commission,
95, note, 96, note, 97, note; limita-
tations of king's Headship, 99-100;
controversy on riches of, 109;
Erasmus' attitude to, 148 et seq.,
176 178; Erasmus regarded as
an enemy to, 154-156; Lutheran
tenets concerning, 171: need of
Reform obscured by Reformation,
175; attack on, 191; attitude to
vernacular Bibles, 208 et seq., 216-
219; but hostility to denied, 213-
214, 217-218, 221; religious teach-
ing prior to Reformation, 245 et
seq.; charges against on points of
worship, 258, 266-267; bequests
to, 343 et seq.; suggested disposal
of wealth of, 390; abuses in, 365
Church of Christ, sermon on, 80
Church-building, activity of, 287;
contributions of people towards be-
quests for, 287, and note, 344;
decoration, 288, 292

Church House, 300

Churchyards, trees and grass in, 55
Cicero, and the classical revival, 179-
182

Ciceroniana of Erasmus, 179
Clark, Dr. John, English Ambassador,
84

Classical revival, Erasmus on, 179;
absurdities of, 179-180

Claymond, John, Greek scholar, 37,
note, 38, note

Clement, John, 34, note
Clement, Pope, 97, note
Clergy, alleged encouragement of
ignorance, 2, 245; mortuary dues,
49, 123-127; "benefit," 50; rights
and duties, 56, 59-64; ordinations,
57, 131-135; exemptions, 57; im-
munity, 60 et seq. ; not the Church,
63; position as individuals, 64;
attack on their temporalities, 91;
laity's grievance against, IOI et
seq.; and its causes, 106, 122;
defended by More, 106-107; alleged
mercenary spirit, 109; and idle
laxity of living, 113; prayers, 116;
alms, 116-118; fasting and mortifi-
cation, 118; charges of corruption,
120; lack of definite work, 121,
note; in households of laity, 122;
tithe exactions, 125; faults, 126-
128; alleged immorality, 128-129;
charge of simony, 129; Mr.
Brewer cited on, 129-130; igno-
rance of, 133; hostility to verna-
cular scriptures examined, 208 et
seq., 214, 217; and reasons for
not encouraging, 213, 215; extent
and character of their religious
teaching, 247 et seq.; books used
by for teaching, 271 et seq.; chantry
clergy, 352, 357-360, 364; pilgrim-
ages and relics maintained by, 365 ;
and motives for, 371, 374
"Clericus," 67

Cloth, clerical, State's right to legis-
late on, 55

Cochlæus, John, 223, 224, note
Colet, Dean, 6, 18, 27, and note, 31,
note, 132, 141, 145, 148
Commerce, progress not due to Re-
formation, 7

Commissioners, royal, 334, 338
Compostella, pilgrimages to, 366
Concordat, between

Francis I., 69

Leo X. and

Concubines, alleged licences for, 128
Confession, 199, 248, 253

Congregation, denoting church, 153,
note, 231-234

Conscience, examinations of, 252
Constantine, donation to Pope, 85
Constantine, scholar, 22
Constantine, George, 196

Constantinople, effect of fall of, 22
Constitution, Provincial, 209-21I.
214, 247

Contarini, Cardinal, 95, 97, note
Convocation, grant of Headship of
Church to the king, 99; enactment
regarding ordination, 131-132;
powers of legislation transferred to
the Crown, 135; draws up list of
heretical books, 190

Corpus Christi, feast of, 328; proces-
sion of guilds, 329; at Corunna,
366-367

Council of Trent, 5, 97, note, 386
Courts, ecclesiastical, subject to Pope,
72

Coverdale, Myles, 91, 228

Cranmer, and the English Bible, 208,
218; on hearing mass, 286
Creeping to the Cross, 266
Criticism in the Church, 137, 151
Croke, Richard, 33, note, 90, note
Cross, honour to on Good Friday,
266

Crowley, quoted, 336

Crucifix, reverence of image of, 254-
255, 264, 269; not an idol, 258
Crumwell, Thomas, 100, 135
Curates and mortuaries, 123-125; and
tithes, 125

Cuthbert (Tunstall), Bishop, 194

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Dislike of clergy, alleged, 101;
reasons for, 112, 122
Dispensations, 94

Dives et Pauper, 250, 262, 311, 312
Division between spirituality and
temporality, Saint-German's work
on, 102 et seq., 108, 112, 123
Divorce question, the, and its share
in the Reformation, 184, and note
Doctors of Divinity, Erasmus's satire
on, 177

Döllinger, Dr., cited, 20

Dominicans, the, and Erasmus, 165;
responsibility for Lutheranism, 173
Dorpius, Marten, 149-150
Dues of clergy, 49

Dunstan's, St., Canterbury, 304;
parish accounts, 305
Dialogue of Saint-German, 40 et seq.,
102, 123; of More, 231, 237,255

ECCLESIASTICAL authority, alleged
discontent of laity under, I, IOI,
184, et seq., 366; limits of, 47
Ecclesiastical discipline, inquiry into,
385

Ecclesiastics, attitude to revival of
learning, 33-35, 38; resistance to
encroachment, 47, 49; Erasmus'
satire on, 177 et seq.; attitude to
English Bible, 208 et seq.; alleged
encouragement of ignorance, 2, 245
Edgworth, Roger, preacher, 15, 42,
188, 215, 239, 240, note, 257, 316
Education, fostered by monasteries,

41

Encomium Moria, of Erasmus, 142,
177, et seq.; 378

Erasmus, attitude to Reformation, 6,
19; made responsible for "New
Learning," 14, note; but attitude to
defined, 18, 19; his chief support
in England, 35; position and views,
137; considered a Reformer, 138,
157, 159-160; birth and education,
138-139; joins order of St. Augus-
tine, 139; ordained, ibid. ; unfitness
for religious life, ibid.; hostility
to religious orders, 139, 159, 165,
177; denounces enticing of youths
into cloister, 140; leaves the
religious life, 140-141; takes
pupils, 141; at Oxford, ibid.

Erasmus-

In London, 141; visits Italy, ibid. ;
his Adagia, ibid.; visits Venice,
ibid.; returns to London, 142; his
Encomium Moria, 142, 177 et seq.,
378; at Cambridge, 142-143; testsi-
mony to Archbishop Warham's
kindness, 143; praise of English
ecclesiastics, 144, note; amounts
received from English friends, 145;
again leaves England, 146; settles
at Basle, ibid.; superintends Fro-
ben's press, 146; death, 147; atti-
tude to Church, 148 et seq., 176-
177; translation of New Testa-
ment, 148, et seq.; attacks on, 153
et seq.; regarded as an enemy to
the Church, 154-156: opposition
to his revival of Greek, 156-157;
defends himself to the Pope, 158,
160-161; disclaims connection with
Luther, 159-161, 164, 172-175;
opposition to national churches,
161, note; attitude to Luther, 163,
172, 173-175; attacks Luther,
164; replies to von Hutten's at-
tacks, 165 et seq.; attitude to the
Pope, 167-168, and note, 170, 171-
172, 174; attacks Lutheran mo-
tives, 169-170; letter to Bishop
Marlianus on attitude to Luther,
174; general attitude to religious
movement of his age, 177 et seq.;
and to the classical revival, 179;
on pilgrimages and relics, 365, 367,
378; on devotion to saints, 379 et
seq.

Eton College Chapel, wall paintings
of, 10

Evensong, said before noon, 118
Exemptions of clergy, 57, 68

FAIRS, 333 et seq.; at Winchester,
333
Faith, The Olde, of Great Britayne
and the New Learning of England,
16, and note
Fasting, 118

Ferguson, Mr., quoted on architec-
tural art, 289

Fineux, Chief-Justice, tries John
Savage, 52 et seq.; opinion on
spiritual courts, 62; 306

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