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RAILROAD, CANAL, AND STEAMBOAT STATISTICS.

RAILROADS OF CHICAGO.

The Chicago Tribune gives a statement of the resources for 1860 of the railroads centering in that city. The following table, compared with those of previous years, demonstrates the gratifying fact, that the lowest depth of depression has been reached. The earnings of nearly all our roads show a very handsome increase over those of the previous year. The tide has turned, and with good crops the increase will be as rapid and satisfactory as the decline was steady and discouraging :

Chic. & Mil....
C. & N. West...
G. & Chi. U.....
Chi. B. & Quinc.
Chic. & R. Isl'd.
C., A. & St. L..
Ill. Central
P., Ft. W. & Ch.
Mich. S. & N. I..
Mich. Central...

1860.

1859. $183,100 41 $170,995 19

1857.
$522,731 92
429,805 39
2,117,904 97
1,899,586 49
1,681,101 57
998,309 48

1858.
$204,186 15

390,319 68 1,547,561 23

393,838 01 1,364,009 66

667,751 66

1,600,709 64

1,266,982 96

1,462,751 80 1,716,179 09 1,172,582 03

1856. $650,000 00 137,303 67 2,456,044 80 1,627,029 61 1,751,704 60 981,780 00 1,000,000 00 867,288 52 2,469,533 67 2,293,964 57 1,976,578 52 2,107,381 95 1,478,428 76 1,652,727 95 1,567,780 18 1,965,121 18 3,114,756 06 2,186,124 97 2,039,346 97 1,738,149 30 3,128,154 10 2,656,471 86 2,016,185 85 1,756,420 80 2,029,070 62

984,110 77
900,000 JO

938,641 20

2,664,848 37 2,335,085 23 2,131,293 89

Total.... $17,812,957 27 16,428,228 66 13,191,736 74 12,659,115 01 15,289,199 08 The table shows the very encouraging fact that the earnings of these ten trunk roads exceed those of last year by $2,630,084 07.

RAILWAYS OF MASSACHUSETTS FOR 1860.

The Boston Railway Times gives the tables of the annual operations of the railways of Massachusetts, as reported officially to the Legislature. The figures are hereto annexed. The aggregates, as compared with last year, show as follows:

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The debt and capital paid in have both increased during the year; but the income shows an increase of more than 4 per cent, while the expenses have undergone a diminution. The number of passengers carried in the year increased 406,105; the freight shows also an increase of 2 5,646 tons. Both these figures are a gratifying evidence of the recovery of business in the New England States. The business of the several roads was as follows:

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OPERATIONS OF THE RAILWAYS OF MASSACHUSETTS FOR 1860.

-Receipts.Expenses. From From From Of Miscelladebt. paid. Surplus. pas'ng'rs. freight. mails.&c. Total. roadbed. mach'ry. neous. Total. 47,584 860,000 599,982 559,020 451,543 14,8921,025,455 75,704 96,596 373,832 546,182 6,269,520 412,000 400,644 690,991 1,101,118 34,900 1,827,009 273,696 192,976 526.423 993,095 809,204 11,752 8,539 600 15,891

1,182 11,699 4,952 17,783

43.4 1,697,036 1,560,200

45.7 1,328,897 1,141,000

14.0

19.5

50.0

18.6

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16,772 22,802

86,202 143,637

250

21.9

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13.6

15.1

2,178 1,186 21,693 25,057
6,660 745 12,000 19,405
4,395 6.508

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46.0

50.9 3,540,000 3,540,000

69.0

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26.7

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77,669 61,648 186,904 326,221

5,355 2.700 84,604 42,659
15,991 22,713 39,320 77,024
88.213 64,904 207,449 860,566
28,511 32,404 75,174 136,089
3,107 1,551 8,833 18,491

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13.2

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4,450,417 2,853,400 1,955,500 747,008 299,:07 280,261 197,428 477,689 596,208 220,240 221,600 209,529 431,129 53.6 3,073,55 2,05,925 859,900 27,240 887,140 59.4 2,613,694 2,122,500 630,600 23,986 656,586

9,723 953,535 132.381 75,154 307,675 515,210 240,407 534,194 147,776 9,624 691,594 58,143 60,587 233,420 852,150 10,714 8,778 30,508 50,000 2,223 2,533 9,269 14.025 25,626 35,773 143,149 204,548 121,814 222,516 6,600 350,930 48,882 42,341 108,182 199,355

226,216 108,776 196,320 7,500 807,596

1,220.7 60,107,824 45,488,568 18,928,858 1,280,112 15,152,125 2,361,709 3,871,923 4,860,8164,882,695 192,885 9,936,391 1, 193,339 980,629 3,309,422 5,483,890

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Total and averages...

54.1 8.0 620,863

50.9 0.0 437,286
80.0 0.0 55,946
84.6 0.0

66.5 0.0 265,941

56.8 0.0 292,010

705,433 8,752,648 449,285 7,945,955 816,933 3,982,347 201,852 3,424,994

1,893,185 28.753,129 293,749
1,460,658 22,880,313

84,792 778,402

72,021 2,923,941

128,566

8,209,637 3,21 2.054

46,872

856,863

111,208 5,749,527

174,550 3,420,410 125,952 5,892,936

55.2 5.15 6,170,962 12,380,598 190,998,537 3,912,379 132,252,724

Equipment furnished and road operated by Goss and Munson.

(2) Operated and kept in repair by the Boston and Worcester Railway Company.

(3) Sold at auction by act of 1858 to the bondholders, and operated by the Ainherst, Belchertown, and Palmer Railway Company.

(4) Leased to the New Haven and Northampton Railway Company, and operated by the New York and New Haven Railroad Company.

(5) Leased by the Housatonic Railway Company at 7 per cent.

(6) Leased by the Berkshire and Hudson and Boston Roads.

(7) Operated by the Boston and Providence Railway Company.

() Operated by the Boston and Providence Railway Company.

(9) Engines and cars furnished by the Boston and Providence Railway Company.

(10) Operated and kept in repair by the Old Colony and Fall River Railway Company.

(11) Operated by the Fitchburg Railway Company.

(12) Operated by the Boston and Lowell Railway Company. (13) Operated by the Boston and Lowell Railway Company. (14) Operated by the Nashua and Lowell Railway Company.

A NEW SYSTEM OF RAILWAY.

The Parisian correspondent of the Morning Star says:--" An experiment of a new system of railway was made at Compiegne some few days ago, and met with the greatest success among the agricultural speculators assembled to witness it. The inventor is said to be a poor wheelwright, whose ambition has not extended beyond that of facilitating field labor. This railway consists of a series of rails. fitting one in the other, like a succession of ladders laid flat upon the ground. Over these the carts roll quietly along, let them be ever so heavily laden. One great advantage of the system is, the facility with which the rails are laid down and taken up. In one hour a hundred metres may be planted. The tedious carting of crops through wet and muddy fields is hereby avoided. The experimental rail was 75 centimetres in width. The carts filled with produce, whether pushed or drawn by one single person, were of one cubic metre, and moved with the greatest ease."

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. The following table presents the official aggregates of all the census returns since the formation of the government. The rate of increase in the last decade has been, to a considerable extent, increased by the large immigration that has taken place:

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Free Slave Apportionment Fracpopulation, population, of represent'n. 1860. Old. 1860.

tions

New.

over.

127,901

809,527

590,756

771,623

955,917

520,444

435,478

6

17,440

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14,273

30,888

97,574

209,897

440,775

831,710

109,065

3

15,006

California

92.597

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384,770

384,770

3

2,627

Connecticut...........

288,141

251,002

262,042

275,202

297,675

309,978

370,792

460,670

460,670

4

78,527

Delaware..........

59,098

64,273

72,674

72,749

76,748

78,085

91,532

112,353

110,548

1,805

1

Florida.........................

34,730

54,477

87,445

145.694

81,885

63,809

1

Georgia

82,548

162,101

252,433

840.987

516,823

691,392

906,185

1,082,797

615,336

467,461

8

7

4,145

Illinois........

12,282

55,211

157,445

476,183

851,470

1,687,404

1,687,404

9

13

81,435

Indiana

4,875

24,520

147,178

343,031

685,866

988,416

1,370,802

1,370,802

11

11

96,992

Iowa..................

43,112

192,214

682,002

682,002

2

5

45,097

Kentucky

73,077

220,955

406,511

564,317

687,917

779,828

982,405

1,159,609

933,707

225,902

10

8

50,199

Louisiana

76,556

153,407

215,739

352,411

517,762

666,431

854,245

812,186

4

4

32,032

Maine......

96,540

15!,719

228,705

298,335

399,455

501,793

583,169

619,958

619,958

6

5

110,434

Maryland...

819,728

841,548

380,546

407,350

447,040

470,019

583,034

731,565

646, 123

85,382

6

6

60,511

Massachusetts......

378,717

423,245

472,040

523,287

610,408

737,699

994,514

1,231,494

1,231,494

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Michigan.....

......

4,762

8,896

81,689

212,267

397,654

754,291

754,291

6

117,886

Minnesota.....................

6,077

172,793

172,793

2

1

45,412

Mississippi ...........

8,850

40,352

75,448

136,621

375,651

606,526

887,158

407,551

479,607

5

58,409

Missouri

20,845

66,586

140,455

383,702

682,044

1,201,209

1,085,590

115,619

9

8,533

New Hampshire.

141,899

183,762

214,360

244,161

269,328

284,574

317,976

326,072

326.072

71,310

New Jersey............

184,139

211,949

245,555

277,575

320,823

373,306

489,555

676,084

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89,179

New York .........

340,120

586,756

959,049

1,872,812

1,918,608

2,428,921

3,097,394

8,851,563

3,851,563

33

30

80,133

North Carolina

........

393,751

478,103

555,500

638,829

787,987

758,419

869,039

1,008,342

679,965

328,377

Ohio

........

45,365

280,760

581,434

937,903

1,519,467

1,980,329

2,877,917

2,877,917

21

Oregon

......

13,294

52,566

52,566

Pennsylvania..........
Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee....

484,378

602,361

810,091

1,049,458

1,348,233

1,724,033

2,311,786

2,924,501

2,924,501

25

69,110

69,122

77,031

83,059

97,199

108,830

147,545

174,621

174,621

249,073

345,591

415,115

502,741

581,185

594,398

668,507

715,371 308,186

407,185

.......

85,791

105,602

261,727

422,813

681,904

829,210

1,002,717

1,146,640 859,528

287,112

10

......

.....

212,592

600,955

415,999

184,956

Vermont

85,416 154,465

217,713

235,764 280,652

291,948

314,120

315,827

315,827

...........

Virginia..

......

748,308 880,200

974,622

1,065,379

1,211,405

1,239,797

1,421,661

1,593,199

1,097,373

495,826

13

Wisconsin..

80,945

805,391

768,485

768,485

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District of Columbia...

14,093

24,023

33,039

39,884

43,712

51,687

75,824

72,093

3,234

.....

Kansas....

143,642

143,642

Nebraska...........

28,893

28,893

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New Mexico ..........
Utah

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Washington

...

11,624

11,624

Dakotahi.

4,839

4,889

Total.

8,929,827 5,805,987

7,239,814

9,688,191

12,860,702 17,063,353 23,191,876 31,676,217

27,678,221

4,002,996

237

234

JOURNAL OF MINING, MANUFACTURES, AND ART.

FACTORIES OF LOWELL.--1836 vs. 1861.

Since 1836, the Massachusetts (and Prescott) Cotton Mills, and the Lowell Machine Shop Companies, have been organized, and the capital of the eleven other companies increased. We take from the Lowell Courier the following table, showing the progress of the manufacturing interests of Lowell at the two periods referred to :

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The Lowell Bleachery also dye at the present time 15,000,000 yards per annum, and bleach 8,000,000 yards in the same time.

COST OF MAKING IRON ON LAKE SUPERIOR.

At the Pioneer Works the iron is made on contract by B. Case, Esq., who furnishes everything except the coal, and delivers the pig (on board the cars, we think,) at seven dollars a ton, making the entire cost to the company sixteen dollars a ton, exclusive of the use of capital. The cost of transportation to this port is one dollar per ton, and hence to the Chicago market, the past season, it has been two dollars a ton, making a sum total of cost nineteen dollars a ton delivered at Chicago, where it has been disposed of at twenty-three dollars a ton, giving a net profit to the company of four dollars a ton. The single furnace now in blast produces fifteen to eighteen tons per day, which gives a return to the company on the capital invested of 60 to 70 dollars per day.

Mr. Gay, says the Marquette Lake Superior Journal, has furnished us the following schedule of the cost per ton of making iron at his two furnaces, located, the one at Collinsville, three miles from Marquette, and the other at Forestville, two miles above, on the same stream, both being operated by waterpower :

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