THE

AMERICAN

CATHOLIC QUARTERLY

REVIEW.

Bonum est homini ut eum veritas vincat volentem, quia malum est homini ut eum veritas vin-

cat invitum. Nam ipsa vincat necesse est, sive negantem sive confitentem.

S. AUG. EPIST. CCXxxviii. AD PASCENT.

VOLUME XVI.

FROM JANUARY TO OCTOBER, 1891.

PHILADELPHIA:
HARDY & MAHONY,

PUBLISHERS AND PROPRIETORS,

505 CHESTNUT STREET.

PUBLIC

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

THE CHRISTIAN AGNOSTIC AND THE CHRISTIAN GNOSTIC. By Very Rev.

Augustine F. Hewit, D.D., C.S.P.,

What the Agnostic and the Gnostic respectively profess, 1; What the Christian

Agnostic is, 2: The true idea of the supernatural order, 3; Cognition, what it is, 4;

The essence of God is beyond its range, 5; What rational beings of the natural or-

der, can attain and what they aspire to, 6, 7; In what God is indirectly and me-

diately knowable, 8; The natural end and destiny of intelligent beings, 9; The

difference between the Christian Agnostic and the non-Christian Agnostic, 10; In

what respect the Christian is also a Gnostic, 11: The doctrine of Pantheism, 13;

The Incarnation, the summit of the supernatural order, 14; What human con-

sciousness testifies, 15; How a correct idea of the supernatural opens the way for

solving difficult religious questions, 16, 17; Not impossible for God to reveal truths

unknowable to the human intellect, 18, 19.

CHURCH AND STATE. By Brother Azarias,

The two principles under which society lives and moves, 20: The relation of

Church and State in pagan times, 21; How Christianity became a new civilizing

element, 22; The meaning, both of Church and of State, 23; How Christ organized

the Church, 24; Its jurisdiction, 25; Its teaching power, 26; Misconceptions of

non-Catholics, 26; Catholic writers differ on matters of mere opinion, 27; In

what unity of doctrine consists, 28; Limitations of the teaching mission of the

Church, 29, 30; What the State is; its origin and power, 31; Christian submis-

sion to the State, 32; How the Church educated the barbarian, 33; The strug-

gle for supremacy between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire, 34-36; Dis-

astrous consequences of the State refusing to recognize the authority of the

Church, 37, 38; Origin and basis of the rights and liberty of American citizens,

39; Attitude of the State to religion in this country, 40; Religion makes the

truest patriots, 41.

GOD'S SAINTS THE TRUE REFORMERS IN HIS CHURCH. By O'R.,

St. Bernard; the effect produced by his " Apology," 42; Louis VI. and the Bishop

of Paris, 43; The council at Troyes and St. Bernard's letter, 44, 45; Rules for

the Knights Templar drawn up by St. Bernard, 46; Characteristics of St. Bernard's

writings, 47, 48; St. Bernard on the disputed Papal succession, 49; Innocent II.

and the Emperor Lothaire, 50; Visit of Innocent II. to Clairvaux, 51, 52; St. Ber-

nard's visit to Italy, 53, 54; The supporters of the Anti-Pope, Anacletus, 55; The

Council of Pisa and St. Bernard. 56; Miracles wrought by the Saint in Milan; Ber-

nard's visit to Germany, 58; A second Clairvaux erected, 59; Lothaire's dispute

with Innocent II. on the right of investiture, 60; The General Council of the Lateran,

61; What the Cistercians did for Italy, 62; St. Malachy's visit to Clairvaux, 63;

His edifying death, 64; His burial, and that of St. Bernard, 65; Concluding reflec-

tions, 66.

THE ORIGIN OF THE GREAT SCHISM OF THE WEST. By Rev. James F.

Loughlin, D.D., .

Opinion of Benedict XIV. as to the Popes who resided at Avignon, 67; Gibbon's

suggestion, 68; The respective parties to the schism, 69; Periods spent by the

Popes in Exile, 70; Gregory XVI., 71; St. Catherine of Sienna, 72; Gregory's jour

ney to Rome, 73; His treatment there. 74; Conflicting accounts of Gregory's dying

sentiments, 75; What the people of Rome sought to do, on Gregory's death, 76: Di-

verse nationalities of the Cardinals, 77: Their timidity and hesitation, 78; Two

conflicting accounts of the election of Urban, 79-82; Flight of the Cardinals, 83;

Conflicting accounts of what occurred after the election, 84-86; Urban's violent

denunciation of Bishops, 87; Retort of the Cardinal of Amiens, and the formal

commencement of the Schism of the West, 88-90.

THE LATIN VULGATE CIVILIZING WESTERN EUROPE. By John Gilmary

Shea, LL.D.,.

The Greek Church wanting in missionary spirit, 90: Employment of the Greek

language in first ages of the Church, 91; The Vulgate the language of the

Church, 92; Latin became the general medium of communication among scholars,

93; The Vulgate in its relation to the supernatural life, 94; Luther's assault upon

the Vulgate, 95: English Reformers decrying the Vulgate, 96; The Council of

Trent and the Vulgate, 97; Revision of the Vulgate, 97.

NUMBER OF THE EXTERNAL SENSES; WHAT USE MAN'S REASON CAN MAKE

OF THEIR MANIFESTATIONS AS DATA. By Rev. Walter H. Hill, S.J.,

LL.D.,.

What the subject comprehends, 99; How the primary qualities of bodies are "sen-
sible," 100; Is a rational animal, having more than five senses, intrinsically possi-
ble? 101; Opinions of Sanseverino, St. Thomas, and others, 102, 103; The human