southeast, with width of 43 miles at its southeasterly end and 14 miles at its northwesterly end. From its southeasterly point rocky shoals extend nearly to Poe Reef.

Poe Reef, a detached shoal extending east and west 13 miles, with a least depth of 9 feet, lies with its eastern extremity 2 miles southeast of the southeast end of Boise Blanc Island, and nearly due south of the most easterly point of the island.

Poe Reef Light Vessel shows a group flashing white light, 42 feet above water, visible 14 miles. It has a red hull, red mast with a black cylindrical lantern; Poe on sides. It is anchored in 30 feet on the east end of Poe Reef, north side of South Channel.

Fog signal. The fog signal is made on a siren.

Submarine bell.-There is a submarine bell on the light vessel. Zela Shoal projects from the southwestern side of Bois Blanc Island, from a point about halfway between Point Aux Pius and the northwestern end of the island. It is a narrow spit with a depth of 8 feet at its western end and extends out 2 miles in a northwesterly direction.

Buoy.-A red nun buoy marks the extremity of the shoal.

Caution.-Vessels should not attempt to pass between the buoy and the island.

Lime Kiln Point is the northwestern extremity of the island. Shoal water extends 880 yards northwestward from it to Round Island. From Lime Kiln Point to Point Detachee on the north shore shoal water extends for nearly 1 mile.

Coast. At 4 miles southeast of Point Detachee a point projects about 13 miles northward. A shoal with 15 feet on its extremity extends 1,320 yards northwestward from the extremity of this point.

Bois Blanc Light, fixed white, 53 feet above water, visible 14 miles, is shown from a yellow, square tower on a dwelling on the point extending from the north side of the island.

Lafayette Point forms the northeastern extremity of the island. Shoal water extends about 880 yards eastward from it.

Walkers Point is about 13 miles southwestward of Lafayette Point. Soal water extends from 440 to 880 yards from the coast between.

Coast guard station.-A coast guard station is located at Walkers Point.

Packard Foint. From Walkers Point the coast trends southwestward nearly 2 miles to Rosie Point, then about 13 miles more to the westward to Packard Point. Shoal water extends from 440 yards to 14 miles from this stretch of coast. Three isolated shoals with 18 feet on them, two with 20 feet on them, and one with 20 feet on it, all lie within 2 miles of this shore. Another isolated shoal with 184 feet on it lies about 1,320 yards 214° (SW. S.) from Packard Point.

534

MACKINAW-ANCHORAGE-COMPASS RANGE.

Main shore, Cheboygan Light to Old Mackinac Point— Shoal water extends out 880 to 1,320 yards from east of Cheboygan Light through north and west around into McLeod (Duncan) Bay, and a detached 15-foot shoal lies 13 miles northwest of the light, close to the course for entering Cheboygan Harbor. A bar extends 1,320 yards off the east side of McLeod Bay, leaving a narrow navigable channel leading west-northwest from Duncan Dock to the South Channel. The dock at Duncan is in good condition. With the exception of the shallow offshore water to the northwest and west of Cheboygan Crib Light within a distance of 24 miles, the coast thence to the Mackinac railroad docks can be approached to within 1,320 yards. Mackinaw, Mich. An incorporated village located on Old Mackinac Point, the most northerly point of the lower peninsula of Michigan. It is a station of the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, the Grand Rapids & Indiana, and the Michigan Central Railroads. The first-named railroad maintains car ferries to St. Ignace throughout the year to connect with the upper peninsula. The railroad pier is located on the east side of the point about 1,100 yards from the lighthouse and is protected from northwest winds only.

Lights. A flashing white light, 62 feet above water, visible 16 miles, is shown from a yellow cylindrical tower on old Mackina Point.

Fog signal. The fog signal is made on a steam whistle.

A fixed white and fixed red light is shown from the end of the railroad transfer dock (private).

Fog signal. The fog signal is made on a bell.

Anchorage. There is anchorage for small-draft vessels 880 yards offshore southeast of the railroad pier.

Storm warnings.-Day and night signals are displayed from a steel tower near the water's edge, about 440 yards north of the railroad pier.

Obstructing Cribs. The old city dock, about 1,200 feet north of the railroad pier, is in ruins and partly submerged. Two or three of the outer cribs are within 3 or 4 feet of the lake surface and should be avoided.

Compass range. A compass range is located on the beach about 2 miles southeastward from Mackinac Point Light.

The front mark is a tripod 50 feet high, just back from the water's edge.

The rear mark is a tripod 67 feet high and about 700 yards inshore of the front mark.

The tripods have black and white cage battens with a white cross top mark and a black cross arm above the arm of the white cross. The range is 224° 06′ true.

Round Island, small and hilly, lies just off the northwestern end of Bois Blanc Island, with which it is connected by very shallow water. Shoal water extends north from Round Island, its outer end being about 660 yards northeast of Round Island Light.

Light. A flashing red light, 53 feet above water, visible 15 miles, is shown from a red square tower on a dwelling on the northwest end of Round Island.

Fog signal. The fog signal is made on a steam whistle.

Light buoy.-A black spar-shaped buoy, showing an occulting white light is moored in 10 feet at the outer end of the shoal northward from Round Island.

There is an available width of 400 yards of deep water through the passages between Round and Mackinac Islands. Vessels using this passage must pass northward of the light buoy moored on the shoal extending northward from Round Island.

Majors Shoal, a dangerous rocky reef, 430 yards long east and west, with least depth of 9 feet, lies 24 miles southwest by west from Round Island Light, to southward of the vessel course from that light to Old Mackinac Point Light.

Buoy. A red and black striped can buoy marks the eastern end of the shoal.

Directions South Channel.-On account of Poe Reef and the shoals off Cheboygan Light, the recommended sailing course through the Straits is 270° (W. N.), passing 660 yards to southward of Poe Reef Light Vessel. Carry this course from abreast the light vessel, 4 miles; when on the line of the Cheboygan Range Lights, change to 300° and carry this for 163 miles, until Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse bears 180° (S. W.). When on the turning point opposite Cheboygan, the Cheboygan Lighthouse bears 152° (SSE. E.) 11 miles distant.

McGulpin Point is 2 miles to the westward of Old Point Mackinac, the shore between forming a shallow bight, with shoal water, least depths 9 and 10 feet and which in some instances extend 1,320 yards offshore, open to the northward. The point is bluff, steep-to, and faces the northwest for over 1 mile.

The stretch of water between Point St. Ignace and Point la Barbe, on the north, and Old Point Mackinac and McGulpin Point, on the south, is the narrowest portion, and constitutes the Straits of Mackinac proper.

Coast. From McGulpin Point the coast trends about southwest by west for 14 miles, and is steep-to. Close to the shore the depth is from 7 to 9 feet.

From the southwest extremity of the point the shore recedes to the southward and eastward for 1 mile, with 5 feet at the extremity of

536

SOUTH CHANNEL DIRECTIONS-WAUGOSHANCE POINT.

the small point there, then east for 880 yards, then curving abruptly southwest for 24 miles, and then northwest for 1 mile, forming a bay 2 miles wide and 1 mile deep into the land, with shoal water extending out from the shore for nearly 1 mile.

This bay affords protection from all winds except those from north to west, the depths varying from 3 feet, close up to the shore, to 17 feet on the edge of the shoal. A rock showing 1 foot above water is located 440 yards 151° (SSE. E.) from the southwest point of the bay. From here the coast takes a general westerly direction for 91 miles to Waugoshance Point, with two shallow bights, Cecil and Big Stone Bays, respectively, open to the northwest.

This part of the coast should not be approached within 1 mile, and as the extremity of Waugoshance Point is neared a much wider berth should be given it.

Cecil, Mich., on Cecil Bay, about 4 miles southwest of McGulpin Point, is a small lumber village at which the Emmet Lumber Co. has a mill, with a dock extending out to 10 feet of water. Vessels can lie on either side of the dock, which is sheltered from all southerly or easterly winds. Vessels should approach the dock on a 156° (S. S. E.) course, with the St. Helena Lighthouse nearly over the stern. This will clear large bowlders which lie in 20 feet of water off the point just east of the dock.

Waugoshance Point, a long, low, and narrow point, extends westward from the mainland for 2 miles, and is farther continued by several small islets. The point is the top ridge of a long shoal, which extends out from the mainland for 6 miles to Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower, the shoal having a mean breadth of 2 miles. Waugoshance Island, 2 miles westward of the extremity of the point, is 1 mile long east and west and 590 yards broad.

Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower (light discontinued in 1912) is on the end of this shoal bank and to the southeastward of the turning point from the Straits of Mackinac into Lake Michigan through the passage between Beaver Island and the mainland.

Caution. In rounding Waugoshance Shoal do not pass betweer Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower and the island; keep a lookout for Vienna Shoal and give it a good berth.

About 1 mile from west Waugoshance Point, the shoal has a width, north and south, of 2 miles.

Between Waugoshance Island and the point the shoal has depths of from 1 to 4 and 5 feet only, while a number of small islets and rocks are scattered about. North of the island, for about 1 mile, the shoal has depths of only 5 or 6 feet, and from this point 880 yards to the edge, it varies from 10 to 16 feet. Due west of the island the shoal extends for 1 miles with varying depths of 7 to 16 feet.

Rose (Waugoshance) Shoal consists of several patches of 13 to 20 feet, lying 1 mile and upward between north and northwest from Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower. They lie almost on a line between Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower and White Shoal Light, and nearly on a line between St. Helena Lighthouse and Grays Reef Light Vessel. The latter range will be useful in rounding the shoal at night. Deep-draft vessels should not pass south of Rose Shoal. Buoy. The northwestern edge of Rose Shoal is marked by a black spar buoy.

New Shoal No. 1, the most easterly of the Rose Shoal group, is the largest of the three, and is composed of cobblestones and bowlders, with a least depth of about 15 feet lying about 2 miles northwestward of Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower.

Light buoy.—A black conical buoy, showing an occulting white light, is moored in 57 feet, marking the northern side of New Shoal No. 1. A black spar buoy is moored alongside the light buoy.

New Shoal No. 2, with least depth of 18 feet, is about midway between New Shoals No. 1 and 3.

Buoy.-A black spar buoy marks the northern edge of the shoal. New Shoal No. 3, the most westerly of the Rose Shoal group, has a least depth of about 16 feet and lies 2 miles northwestward of Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower.

Buoy.-A black spar buoy is moored at the western end of the

shoal.

Light buoy.-A black conical buoy, showing an occulting white light, is moored in 58 feet about 3 miles northwestward of Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower.

A black spar buoy is moored alongside the light buoy.

Note. The two light buoys marking the northern side of Rose Shoal group and the spar buoy marking New Shoal No. 2 may be passed close to on the north side by vessels going to or from Old Mackinac Point Light.

Caution.-Vessels drawing more than 14 feet of water are recommended to pass to the northward of Rose Shoal buoy. The passage between Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower and Waugoshance Island is practicable for small vessels only and should not be attempted without local knowledge.

Under no circumstances should vessels approach Waugoshance Lighthouse Tower closer than 1,320 yards, with it bearing to the westward of 248° (W. S. W. W.), nor should they bring the lighthouse tower to bear to the northward of 23° (N. N. E. E.) when standing to the southward, as the reefs are very foul with bowlders. Vienna Shoal. This shoal is about 290 yards long east and west and 175 yards wide. The shoalest spot, with 12 feet on it,