The excess of males exhibited by the census has doubtless been somewhat enhanced by foreign emigrants, of whom a majority are males, but it is to be referred principally to that curious and admirable provision of nature, by which the greater number of males born is sufficient, under ordinary circumstances, to compensate the peculiar casualties to which that sex is exposed. Even in the free colored population, of which the females have a preponderance of 7 per cent, the males under 14 exceed the females about 3 per cent. The numbers of the three classes, male and female, within the several ages mentioned in the census, are respectively in the following proportions to the whole of each class, viz: 1st. Of the whites The males under 10 are 17.1 per cent. The females, 16.3 per cent. It thus appears that one third of the white population was under ten years of age, and not quite half (48.9 per cent) under sixteen. This age does not so equally divide this part of the population as it did in the previous enumerations, since the same causes which occasioned the small decline in the rate of natural increase before adverted to, lessened the proportion of those who were under that age, and consequently placed the point of equal division at somewhat greater age. Of the free colored population less than two thirds, (62.8 per cent,) and of the slaves more than two thirds, (69.9,) are under twenty-six years of age. The relative numbers of the white and colored population in the slaveholding states, is exhibited in the following table. TOTAL..... 4,502,224 2,842,340 135,304 1,524,580 63.13 3.01 33.86 It thus appears that in these states, since the preceding census, the white population lost, and the colored portion gained nearly the half of one per cent. CHAPTER V. THE CENSUS OF 1830, BEING THE FIFTH DECENNIAL ENUMERATION UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. In the act of Congress which directed the fifth census, some important deviations from the preceding acts were introduced. Thus it numbered the population as it was on the 1st day of June, instead of the 1st of August, as had been previously done, so that the increase shown, on a comparison with the preceding census, was not as heretofore, for ten years, but for nine years and ten months. There were also a greater number of divisions according to age, both in the white and colored population.* The whites of each sex were arranged under thirteen heads, viz: Those under 5 and under 5 years of age. 100 and upwards. The colored population of both descriptions, and of each sex, were arranged under the six following heads, viz: Those under 10; 10 and under 24; 24 and under 36; 36 and under 55; 55 and under 100; 100 and upwards. The result is exhibited in the five following tables. There were also columns for the deaf, and dumb, and blind, of different ages, which will be hereafter noticed. TABLE I-SHOWING THE NUMBER OF WHITE MALES IN THE UNITED STATES ON THE 1ST OF JUNE, 1830. 80 to STATES AND TERRI- Under 5. 5 to 10. 10 to 15.15 to 20.20 to 30. 30 to 40.40 to 50.50 to 60. 60 to 70. 70 to 80. TORIES. 90. 90 to 100 100. upw'ds TOTAL. 17,597 Massachusetts,...... 40,644 35,988 34,679 34,053 28,742 25,522 22,400 34,985 19,428 17,521 16,737 14,847| 21,191 14,696 10,772 21,700 19,406 15,782 24,207 15,773 32,891 58,621 35,433 21,700 14,547 9,228 5,956 2,637 823 93 2 200,689 7,218 5,059 2,786 840 85 4 131,184 23,683 Rhode Island,. 6,733 5,786 5,400 5,354 8,425 5,379 3,512 10,405 7,051 15,008| 2,157 1,444 5,203 2,203 618 48 3 139,996 10,319 Connecticut, 19,033 17,891 17,788 16,509 26,166 16,608 11,595 7,851 5,495 3,154 871 SI 5 143,047 New York,. 158,077 137,071 118,523 101,712 176,754 113,136 68,871 40,503 23,909 10,034 2,561| 255 35 951,441 New Jersey, 25,071 21,204] 19,745 17,123 27,001 17,231 11,043 7,053 4,458 2,021 534 44 1 152,529 Pennsylvania,.. 117,853 96,199 82,375 73,113 121,359 75,172 46,600 28,032 16,085 6,979 1,775 228 42 665,812 Delaware,.. 4,744 4,099 3,919 3,184 5,508 3,206 2,036 1,286 609 2021 43 9 28,845 Maryland, 23,737 19,438 17,886 15,778 29,397 18,215 11,072 6,565 3,462 1,375 355 53 7 147,340 D. of Columbia,.. 2,333 1,680 1,486 1,522 2,805 1,817 1,068 593 245 75 25 1 1 13,647 Virginia,. 65,793 51,805 43,287 36,947 60,911 36,539 23,381 15,261 8,971 3,674 1,108| 184 26 347,887 North Carolina, 46,749 35,950 30,527 25,452 39,428 23,042 14,998 10,536| 5,968 2,489 649 138 28 235,954 South Carolina,.... 25,132 20,259 Georgia,. 37,027 Alabama,. 22,764 23,709 15,482 12,129 9,509 16,497 13,961 22,164 13,969 8,334 5,644 3,042 1,210 298 66 14 130,590 26,844 16,156 9,542 5,674 3,083 1,120 290 63 10 153,288 17,440 11,399 6,029 3,593 1,741 591 147 19 3 100,846 Mississippi, 7,918 5,572 4,591 3,623 7,237 4,632 2,419 1,595 632 189 47 11 38,456 Louisiana,. 7,968 6,402 5,134 4,325 10,458 7,777 4,304 2,203 896 317 78 24 9 49,715 Tennessee, 59,576 45,366 36,044 29,247] 44,982 25,111 15,108 11,188 5,543 2,107 657 105 32 275,066 54,116 41,073 34,222 29,017 45,913 26,289 15,966 10,843 6,253 2,585 699 119 28 267,123 51,138| 81,290 49,346 31,112 18,058| 10,783 3,632 935 138 29 479,713 Indiana,.. 39,780 28,692 22,872 17,653 Illinois,. 7,770 18,834 12,753 10,024 14,706 8,825 4,627 2,853 13,531 9,617 7,469 5,639 11,147 7,084 3,023 2,326 1,905 1,543 4,389 2,739 1,232 3,029 2,021 1,626 1,272 2,835 1,820 1,932 1,333 1,015 789 2,171 1,536 28,153 17,904 10,306 6,004 3,160 1,059 240 49 13 175,885 1,172 384 90 6 4 82,048 TABLE II-SHOWING THE NUMBER OF WHITE FEMALES IN THE UNITED STATES, ON THE 1ST OF JUNE, 1830 80 to STATES AND TERRI- Under 5. 5 to 10. 10 to 15.15 to 20.20 to 30.30 to 40. 40 to 50.50 to 60. 60 to 70. 70 to 80. 90. TORIES. 90 to 100 f 100. upw'ds TOTAL. Mississippi,. 7,319 5,165 4,169 3,653 5,231 3,090 1,739 983 4361 149 34 2 31,977 Louisiana,. 7,800 6,193 5,140 4,709 6,930 4,204 2,310 1,257 660 222 73 17 1 39,516 15,264 9,279 4,541 1,855 542 110 28 260,680) Arkansas,,.......... TOTAL,. 921,934 750,741 638,856 596,254 918,411 555,531 356,046 223,504 131,307 58,336 17,434 2,523 11,476 848 484 247 101 45 10 8,149 |