NOTES TO MACAULAY'S ESSAY ON ADDISON. P. 228. the Laputan flapper. Allusions like this, and like that to Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, on p. 236, should be understood from direct acquaintance with the books referred to. These are specimens of the reading that the young student of literature must command as the indispensable condition of intelligent progress. The political and literary history of England during the reigns of William III., of Anne, and of George I. was the subject to which Macaulay's studies had been especially devoted, and of which he was an acknowledged master. Theobald's. (Pronounce Tibbals.) If you will read Miss Strickland's lives of Queens Elizabeth, Anne of Denmark, and Henrietta Maria, or Miss Aikin's Memoirs of the Reign of James I., you will know what Theobald's was. Good maps of England show Theobald's Park in Hertfordshire. If you have not time to read so much as is indicated above, at least look up, by means of the index, the allusions to Theobald's in Miss Strickland's work. Steenkirks. See Macaulay's account of the battle of Steenkirk in Chap. XIX. of the History. P. 230. the Biographia Britannica. See Adams' Dict. of Eng. Lit., but especially Cowper's lines, "On observing some names of little note recorded in the Biographia Britannica." the Charter House. See Hare's Walks in London, and the article "Carthusians" in Encyclo. Brit. P. 231. Magdalene. (Pronounce Maudlin.) P. 233. Charles Montague, who was then Chancellor of the Exchequer. The reader must bear in mind that it is precisely 311 this period of English history that is treated by Macaulay in his History of England. It will be found very interesting to look up in this, by means of the index, the careers of such men as Montague and Somers. On the constitution of the British Cabinet, and the functions and titles of its members, consult Albany de Fonblanque's little book, How we are Governed. the Newdigate prize, or the Seatonian prize. In Macaulay's essay on Moore's Life of Lord Byron is a short paragraph that fully explains the former of these allusions. The Seatonian prize was founded at Cambridge, by the Rev. Thomas Seaton, for the best English poem on a subject to be most conducive to the honor of the Supreme Being and the recommendation of virtue.” P. 235. a critical preface to the Georgics. This is well worth looking up and reading. The Georgics may be read in numerous English versions. The enterprising reader will find pleasure in comparing Dryden's couplets, Conington's prose, and the peculiarly charming metrical translation by Harriet Waters Preston. P. 236. Charles Montague and Lord Chancellor Somers. Do not fail to read the pages on these men in Chap. XX. of Macaulay's History. the Press had been controlled by censors. See a very interesting paragraph near the beginning of Chap. XXI. of Macaulay's History. P. 237. He had addressed the most polished, etc. These lines constitute an introduction to the Poem to His Majesty, mentioned on p. 233. Find them on p. 3 of Vol. I. of the Bohn Addison. P. 238. lines written on the glasses of the Kit Cat Club. The Kit Cat Club is abundantly described on pp. 676–678 of Vol. VI. of the Bohn Addison. Do not misinterpret the expression, "written on the glasses." P. 239. the ode, "How are thy servants blest, O Lord!" See p. 224 of this book. Book of Gold. It is with Venice, rather than with Genoa, that the Golden Book, the register or directory of patrician citizens, is chiefly associated. Yet the expression is sometimes generalized, and made to apply, not only to the other Italian republics, as here by Macaulay, but also to other countries than Italy. The Libro d'Oro of Venice was an actual book, and has its place in Venetian bibliography. The young student can look up the subject in Edmund Flagg's Venice, the City of the Sea. The overthrow of the Republic of Venice by Napoleon, in 1797, was signalized by the burning of the Golden Book in effigy at the foot of a French liberty-tree erected in the Piazza of St. Mark. This is an interesting subject for a little historical research. See Brewer's Historic Note Book, under "Golden Book." P. 241. The temples of Paestum. You may read a pleasing chapter on this subject in John Addington Symonds's Sketches in Italy. P. 242. The great kingdom. See Chap. XXIII. of Macaulay's History. See, also, his essay on Mahon's. History of the War of the Succession in Spain. Look up the subject in Freeman's Historical Geography of Europe, Chap. XII., Sec. 3. the Tory fox-hunter. See p. 149. P. 243. the Duke of Shrewsbury. See Chap. XXII. of the History. Eugene had already descended, etc. To understand the military and political events here referred to, see the histories of the War of the Spanish Succession. For a brief account, see Richard Lodge's History of Modern Europe, in the Students' Series, Chap. XIII., Sec. 24. P. 245. Manchester was deprived of the seals. The office from which Manchester was removed was that of "principal Secretary of State." P. 246. Godolphin had been appointed lord treasurer by Queen Anne in 1702. Newmarket. See Encyclo. Brit. See, also, very interesting accounts of Newmarket and its dissipations, in Chaps. XXI. and XXIII. of Macaulay's History. P. 248. The Campaign. Do not fail to look up this poem in Addison's works; it is interesting. Look up, also, in Johnson's Life of Addison, in the Lives of the English Poets, the passage referred to below. P. 249. the Lifeguardsman Shaw. Shaw, who had already attained notoriety as a pugilist, became famous by his prowess in the battle of Waterloo, where he fought as corporal in the Second Lifeguards. The story of his valor is variously told by the histo rians of the battle. It may be read in Siborne, p. 282, and in Gleig, p. 191. From a contemporary account of the battle we extract the following: "Shaw was fighting seven or eight hours, dealing destruction to all around him. At one time he was attacked by six of the French Imperial Guard, four of whom he killed, but at last fell by the remaining two. A comrade who was at his side a great part of the day, and who is the relater of this anecdote, noticed one particular cut, which drove through his opponent's helmet, and with it cut nearly the whole of his face at the stroke." P. 250. Johnson's remarks on this passage should by all means be looked up and read in the class; they convey an interesting lesson in criticism. P. 251. the advantage which, in rhetoric and poetry, the particular has over the general. See this principle more fully set forth by Macaulay in his Essay on Milton, near the beginning. Rosamond will be found well worth looking into, at least for the sake of its pleasing metrical effect. The Great Seal was given to Cowper. (Pronounce Cooper.) That is, Cowper was made "Lord Keeper." See Webster's Dictionary, under "Lord keeper." In Southey's Life of Cowper, the poet, you may trace the kinship of the two men. the Order of the Garter. See the story of the origin of this order, briefly told in Hume's History, and more fully discussed in Encyclo. Brit., article "Knighthood." P. 253. the queen had now quarrelled, etc. For a full account of this famous quarrel, you will of course go to Miss Strickland; but all the histories give it. The Captain General. This was Marlborough's title. Sacheverell figures very largely at this period of English history. You will find an interesting brief account of him in Macaulay's essay on Lord Mahon's History of the War of the Succession in Spain. P. 254. During the interval, etc. See Samuel Rawson Gardiner's Student's History of England, pp. 663 and 779. the Conduct of the Allies. Swift published this tract in 1712, in support of the Tory opposition to the war, which was ended the next year by the peace of Utrecht. It is said that 11,000 copies of the Conduct of the Allies were sold within three months after its appearance. P. 255. governed by triennial parliaments. See Gardiner's Student's History, pp. 530, 661, 706. P. 256. "assented with civil leer." See note to p. 291. Lady Q-p-t-s. See Spectator, No. 568. P. 257. Such excess was in that age, etc. On the convivial habits of the literary men of that time, see Thackeray's English Humorists in many passages, but especially in the accounts of Addison and Pope. P. 258. Hurd. This is Bishop Hurd, whose edition of Addison's works is often mentioned in these notes. the last lines which he traced. See a short account of Budgell, including the "lines," in Encyclo. Brit. The very pleasing Spectator, No. 116, p. 41 of this book, is by Budgell. has been called, after his name, Namby Pamby. The coining of this epithet is ascribed, by Dr. Johnson, to Pope. The writer of the article on Ambrose Philips in the Encyclo. Brit. credits it to Henry Carey. See Hurd's Addison. P. 259. had tried to find the philosopher's stone. See, in Hurd's Addison, Vol. VI., p. 532, a pleasant bit of verse, in which Addison rallies his friend Steele on his erratic life. Notice in these lines an allusion to Steele's "religious treatise,” which was humorously dedicated to the Pope. The spunging house is well known to readers of earlier English fiction and biography. You may get a glimpse into a spunging house in Thackeray's History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond, Chap. XI. The definition of spunging house in the Century Dictionary is peculiarly satisfactory. P. 260. the rival bulls in Virgil. See the third Georgic. P. 262. Periodical papers had during many years been published in London. The history of the newspaper is very interesting and may easily be looked up. By all means, read Macaulay's paragraphs on this subject in Chap. XXI. of his History. gazetteer. The reference just made to Macaulay abundantly explains this word. Will's and the Grecian. On the inns and coffee-houses of the |