mon, and who perhaps furnished Ruhnken with a transcript: or at least, from the specimens which Villoison produced, the curiosity of Ruhnken was probably excited to obtain a copy of it, and thence to communicate extracts from it to Valckenaer and Brunck. The passages where references may be found to this Lexicon, in the respective works of Ruhnken, Valckenaer and Brunck, have been pointed out by Kidd, in his very learned and laborious preface to the Opuscula Ruhnkeniana. We have heard that Dr. Burney obtained his transcript by means of Boissonade; and the report is partly confirmed by Schweighauser's note on Athenæus, 1. iv. p. 131. C. who there states, that Boissonade had thoroughly examined this very Lexicon, and we believe might have added, who had transcribed it. The above-mentioned scholars are all that we know, who have made use of the Lexicon of Philemon, whose Technologia is somewhat different from a work under the same title, quoted by Hermann, in his work on the Greek Grammar; and by Titmann, in a few of his notes on Zonaras's Lexicon ; both of which lastmentioned scholars probably used the Augustan MS. a specimen of which Titmann has given in his Preface. By making extracts from a Lexicon, we are not presented with so correct an idea of its value, as by an Index of the authorities quoted; which we have accordingly drawn up, though not pledge ing ourselves to such accuracy as to supersede the exertions of other scholars ; to whom, however, we trust, we shall be thought to have given some assistance by our labors. Index Auctorum, qui citantur in Philemonis Lexico. Alian. ̓Αρέσαι. Anacreon. Αβακίζω. Σίλλοι. Apollonius Rhodius. Δειμαλέος. ρα. Σορός bis. Σχοινίον. Σῶος bis. Τέρετρον. Τριττύα. Τρυγοδαίμονες. "Υαλος. Υμέναιος. Φι τρός. Φῦσαι. Χέρνιβα. Χλωρός. Χρήμα. Ψωλός. Ωιδή. Aristoteles, Εκάτερον. Σμήνος. Ταμίας. Athenæus. Σίναπυ. Υμέναιος. Axionichus. Τικὸν δέρμα. Callimachus. Αναβάλλω. Πρευμενής. Ψίθυρ. Corinna. Ωγύγιον. Ctesipho. Ω'ταν. Demosthenes. Ανέχειν. ̓Αποδί δωμι. "Αττα bis. Ετερος. Συμμορία. Dioscorides. Σχοινίον. Χοεύς. ̓Αναιρεῖ. ̓Απάγει. Epicharmus. 'Ασκωλιάζω. Τριτο Φρένες bis. Φρήτρη. Φυήν. Χαῖτα ter. Χαλκόποδες quater. Χεία. Χεράδες. Χέρνιβα. Χηραμός. Κλα ρός. Χυτή. Ωγύγιον. Ωιδὴ ter. Ωμηστής. Ωμὸν bis. "Ωναξ bis. Ως bis. Ωτειλὴ bis. ΩΨ. Hyperides. Συμμορία. Φιλήτης. Incertus. ̓Αλείπτης. ̓Αμύσσειν. ̓Αμφικαλύπτειν. ̓Αναιρεῖ bis. *Ανάκειται. Αποδίδωμι. Απολαύω. Απορηματικὰ ὀνόματα. *Αφίημι. Κνημίς. Χλωροί. Χοεύς. Ωρ. Αιτώλιος. Αμύνειν. Meminerit lector nomina plurima Grammaticorum, quorum sententias allegaverit Philemon, utpote vix memoratu digna, consulto esse prætermissa. Neque id est silentio prætereundum, quod multas glossas Homericas v. c. ̓Αβλής, ̓Αγκυλόμητις, Αἰολόπωλος et similes, elegerit et exposuerit Philemon, quarum nulla ratio est habita. In Indicem superiorem ea loca sola relegantur, in quibus vel Nomen vel Poetæ verba reperire liceat. EPIGRAM ON M. T. CICERO, Transcribed from a vellum MS. of the Fourteenth Century, intitled, In the possession of AGOSTINO Mariotti. UNICUS Orator, lumenque, decusque Senatûs, In an excavation at Lyons, a skull was lately found, with a coin of Probus in each eye. Near this head was discovered a small cippus, with this Inscription : D. M. ET MEMORIE AV. POSSINIO CONIVGI KARISSIMÆ ET SIBI VIVO PONENDVM CVRAVIT ET SVB ASCIA DEDICAVIT ACCOUNT OF HERCULANEUM; Extracted from Mr. HAYTER's Report upon Hercul. MS. in a second Letter to H. R. H. the PRINCE REGENT. THE Romans took possession of Herculaneum, U. C. 460. A. C. 293. "Jain Servilius," Livy informs us, "Volanam, et Palumbinum, et Herculaneum, in Samnitibus ceperat. Ad Herculaneum bis etiam signis collatis ancipiti prælio." As belonging to the Samnites, whose language is evidently of oriental extraction, it may not improbably in its name combine terms the same with those of the Hebrew, mountain, and p, burning. Should this etymological conjecture be deemed not altogether admissible, it must, however, be confessed, that it is at least recommended to some notice by the situation of the city itseif. Besides, the impending Vesuvius is generally stated by antiquaries to derive its appellation from the oriental N or NUN, fire. Hence Vesuv among the Tuscans, who are fond of the u, and theu Béc Bios, and then Vesuvius. Vesta is supposed to be of the same origin. Strabo calls the mountain Ousravio. Dion. Hal. Ovéo Biov. Galen says, Οἱ ἀκριβέστεροι Βεσούβιον ὀνομάζουσιν τόδ ̓ ἔνδοξον, καὶ νέον ὄνομα τοῦ λόφου Βέσβιον. Varro calls it Verubius, and Vestius. Virgil and Suetonius, Vesevus. Columella, Statius, Martial, Silius Italicus, and Val. Flaccus, differently. This enumeration of various names is introduced here for the sole purpose of inferring, with some apparent authority, that, as both the Greeks and Romans are so vague in expressing the denomination of Vesuvius, they had derived it from some Eastern language, from which the name, Herculaneum, is, therefore, with as much probability, derived. It may not be improper, perhaps, to subjoin, that the Greeks very commonly articulated a foreign aspirate by B, and the Romans by V. According to all historians, the Samnites were a nation both warlike and powerful. Eo anno (V. C. 412. A. C. 340.) adversus Samnites, gentem opibus, armisque validam, mota arma. If we suppose, that the Osci, Tyrrheni, or Tusci, and Pelasgi, and Samnites, were not the same, the antiquity of Herculaneum becomes more respectable. Οσκοι δὲ εἶχον καὶ ταύτην (Herculaneum) καὶ τὴν ἐφεξῆς Πομπαίαν—εἶτα Τύῤῥηνοι, καὶ Πέλασγοι. Μετὰ ταῦτα Σαμνίται. Οὗτοι δὲ ἐξέπεσον ἐκ τῶν τόπων. This passage of the geographer, compared with that of Dionysius Hal. assigns a very remote period to the existence of this city. O de 'It is a circumstance extremely curious, that, in one of the most learned and popular Journals, this etymology is reprehended, because the mountain was not burning antecedently to the time when Herculaneum was destroyed. But the Journalist might have reflected, that, as no written record of a prior eruption existed, yet we are told by Strabo, that the soil and appearance of the mountain itself exhibited sufficient record of eruption, or eruptions. In excavating the two cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii, volcanic strata were found under the houses and the streets, and the streets themselves are paved, and the houses are built with volcanic stones and lava, * See Classical Journal, No. III. p. 531. χρόνος, ἐν ᾧ τὸ Πελάσγικον κακοῦσθαι ἤρξατο, δευτέρα γενεὰ σχεδὸν πρὸ τῶν τρωίκων ἐγένετο. It must strike our attention, somewhat forcibly, in support of a claim to remote antiquity, that the inscription must be read, like eastern languages, from the right hand to the left. The political state of Herculaneum, whether it were a settlement of Phoenicians, or of other Asiatics, cannot be traced with any exactness, or conclusive deduction, from facts and circumstances, at any epocha earlier than that of the Roman dominion. It can only be argued presumptively from Strabo, that it might have been of the twelve cities, which formed the dynasty of the Tuscans in Campania. The opposition it made to the victorious legions of Rome, the municipal rights which it enjoyed after its subjugation, clearly indicate some prosperity, and some importance in the estimation of the conqueror. Herculaneum is twice called Municipium, that is, in an inscription, which I saw in the Royal Museum at Portici; and again, in another inscription, which Julius Cæsar Capaccio produces. That of the Royal Museum runs, M. Memmio M. F. Rufo Patri - Municipes. And is sanctioned, should more proof and authorities be demanded, by a brass plate, which at once evinces the municipal privileges of this city to the most scrupulous investigator. T. Claudio. Drusi. F. Pont:. Max: Trib: Pot: 8. Patri. Patriæ. Cens. Ex Testimenti Messii L. F. M. A. Senecæ. Militis Coh: 10 Urbanæ, et Singulis HS. IIII n. From some inscribed pieces of stone it appears, that, as Cives Romani, the inhabitants of Herculaneum were enrolled in some tribe at Rome itself, particularly the Menenian. L. Annio L. F. Men. 2 Vir. Itin: Quin It may not be improper to suggest, that all the inscriptions, which I have produced, or may produce, have been digged from Herculaneum, and, except that of Julius Cæsar Capaccio, have been perused and examined by me. Exclusive of a short interval in the Marsic or social war, this city remained in tranquil subjection to Consular and Imperial Rome. Divo Julio Germanico Cæsari Tib. F. Divi Augusti n. |