Ανδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος 'Ηετίωνος, μιν παρ προτέροισι μελίφρονα πυρὸν ἔθηκεν, οἰνόν τ' ἐγκεράσασα πιεῖν, ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγει, ubi idem observavit ex Herodoto Eustathius, 'Icréov dè, inquit, ön γυναικείαν διακονίαν ὁμοίαν τινὰ τῇ κατὰ τὴν ̓Ανδρομάχην καὶ Ηρόδοτος ἱστορεῖ, ἐν οἷς Φησὶν ὅτι γυνή τις, ἐπεὶ ἀφίκετο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν, ἦρδε τὸν ἵππον, Tiv, iTT: idem de ovibus, bobusque credendum est." I. Potter's Commentarius in Lycophronis Cassandram, v. 91. Ed. 1702. As to the concluding remarks of the Reviewer, "We have here too an article written by me,' an expression, which, with its synonyme, my paper,' occurs with disgusting frequency in the course of these pages, quoted from the CLASSICAL JOURNAL," 1. I must observe that nearly all these Articles are anonymous, 2. That I wished the Public to know who wrote them, 3. That I never refer to them but for some purpose, connected with the object of the Note, 4. That no satisfactory reason, except the plea of modesty, which I in such cases consider as nothing but false modesty, (and this will never be reckoned among my sins) can be given why a man should not quote from, or refer to, his own works, when he would quote from, or refer to, these articles, if they had been the compositions of other men, 5. That something is to be allowed to the vanity of a youthful editor, or author, 6. That such quotations, or references, are sometimes to be regarded as a species of advertisement, 7. That, when they are to be so regarded, there is nothing dishonorable in them. As for Mr. Jones's remark about domi, humi, &c., the Reviewer has no occasion "to congratulate the editor upon the singular discovery of the precise manner, in which these unlucky words met with that dismal catastrophe, by which they have been visited;" for I have merely cited the remark itself, " without note, or comment," and I occasionally do cite remarks, not because they are recommended by their own propriety, but because they are to be noticed for their singularity, and because they may give some exercise to the youthful mind by putting the thinking faculty into motion. That the words humi, domi, etc. are not adverbs, is to me obvious from the circumstance that they admit adjectives, and it is to me equally obvious that they are used elliptically, because, as Gesner in the Thes. Ling. Lat. observes, "Cic. ad Attic. 1, 9. dixit domi Cæsaris, ut 2, 7. in domo Cæsaris," and G. I. Vossius in the Aristarchus, sive de Arte Grammatica, L. VII. c. 25. Amstelodami, 1695. page 402. cites Plin. Epist. L. VII. 17. Ille in domo mea sæpe convaluit, and moreover because we can satisfactorily prove that, when terra is so used, in solo, or in solum, agreeably to the nature of the sentence, in which terræ occurs, is to be supplied; for the same Vossius says in the same place: "Sic quoque terræ regitur a nomine solo, quod quandoque exprimitur, quomodo Lucretius in L. II. ait Et L. v. Nam mullis succensa locis ardent sola terræ, Et ferro cœpere solum proscindere terræ: Atque hinc liquet [the inference is indisputable], cum dicitur humi quid jacere, vel insistere, vel serpere, valere in solo humi: similiter Cic. L. 1. Tusc. Qu. Theodori quidem nihil interest, humine, an sublime nisi cum Servio malis exponere per humum: Ovidii quoque est Met. v. Sternit humi juvenem, quod integre sit in solum humi, pro quo anλws in humum dicitur, Curtius L. II. Plura in humum innoxia cadebant, ac similiter Tacitus L. XII. Annal. projectus in humum." Gesner in the Thes. Ling. Lat. well observes, "Aliquando construitur cum verbo quietis, aut motus non exterioris, et significat in humo, vel super humum, vel intra humum; construitur etiam cum verbo motus ad locum :" as I have said with respect to terræ, the ellipse will be in solo, or solum, or any other case of solum, agreeably to the nature of the sentence, in which it occurs, and thus it must necessarily have those various significations, which Gesner says that it bears: as we may say at our pleasure domo, in domo, for domi, so we may say humo, or in humo, for humi, for precisely the same reason: "Ponere corpus humo Ovid. Her. 4, 44. Quiescere humo Fast. 1, 424, Sedit humo nuda Met. 4, 261. Stratus humo_gelida, Stat. Theb. 10, 312.: humu, ablativus antiquus pro humo, Varro, Fertur bisulcis ungulis nitens humu, Varro Taqy Mivirnov In humu calceos facis elixos, hæc Non. 8, 36." Gesner's Thes. Ling. Lat. Hence then we subvert, beyond the possibility of contradiction, the supposed derivation of humi from xauai, sanctioned by T. Gataker in the Dissertatio de Novi Instrumenti Stylo c. II., as well as by many other critics. Vossius supplies tempore after domi militiæque, or in domi ædibus, inque militiæ tempore, and says: "Illud domi est potius sic suppleas, est in domi loco; nam, rogante aliquo, ubi sive quo in loco aliquis esset, respondebant simpliciter domi, ubi anò xo in loco intelligendum; dicitur Antiochia, et in oppido Antiochiæ, ac quandoque in Antiochia oppido." Mr. Jones would do well to attend to these few plain and intelligible observations. As to the very long Note of four octavo pages upon the word continuo, I am greatly obliged to the Reviewer for having so well expanded in it my own ideas, which seem to have been very obscure to him, though they were perfectly intelligible to some critical friends, with whom I had previously conversed on the subject. When I said that continuo is a very forcible expression,' that it properly implies both the commencement and the continuance of a thing,' that it connects one period of time with another;' that it signifies the uninterrupted and continued approach of a body from one point to another;' that in Virgil Georg. I. v. 60. (Continuo has leges æternaque fœdera certis agreeably to my interpretation, the word here implies that nature not only originally fixed, but has uniformly maintained these laws through the succession of ages,' as is evident from the epithet æterna, which the poet has prefixed to fœdera'-what could I pos sibly mean but that, in the Reviewer's own language, "whenever this word occurs, the allusion to two events, betwixt which time was going on continuously, or uninterrupted by the intrusion of any third to break the train, may be more or less distinctly traced, and the real meaning of the word established beyond the possibility of doubt ?" If I had had the same good luck, as the Reviewer has probably had, to be born in Scotland, and to be educated at a Scotch University, I should perhaps have acquired such a meet smattering of metaphysical jargon, as to be able to make my meaning intelligible to his countrymen. : "C. 26. Another long note, which we cannot possibly quote, first demands our attention here: in the course of it, our author's mind seems to labor under some inexplicable confusion concerning the very common idiom, dare manus alicui, which is explained by fateri se vinctum (victum) he seems to consider this phrase, and tollere digitum, with the whole tribe of amphitheatrical expressions of submission, as proceeding from the same origin: we have always been accustomed, consistently with our principle of weighing with some care the import of each word in the idiom, to coincide in opinion with those critics, neither few, nor unknown, who have explained dare manus as implying an allusion to a battle, not of gladiators, but of warriors, and representing the conquered as stretching out both hands to receive the humiliating manacles of the victor: it was thus that he became captivus, or captus, the surrendered slave of a superior combatant: we merely state this from a conviction of the abso lute necessity, if we mean to convey instruction successfully to others, of having ourselves clear and precise ideas of the proper application of such explanations, as we may happen to employ: if we say simply, that the idioms, tollere manum, and dare manus alicui, with some others, announce a disposition to submission on the part of the person, to whom they are applied, it is well: but, if we illustrate the manner, in which they acquired a signification so different from what the words individually import, we are required to do so with the utmost exactness and fidelity, to state our sentiments, and the grounds, on which they are founded, and not to confound the terms of the gladiator's barbarous art with the less censured, less degraded, perhaps, in public estimation, but equally unchristian and detestable terms of national warfare." To enable the reader to judge for himself, as to the state of " inexplicable confusion, under which my mind seems to labor in the course of this Note,” I shall cite the whole of it, καί μοι λέγε τὴν γραφὴν ταύτην, 30 Ad extremum det manus, vincique se patiatur. "Dare manus alicui fateri se vinctum Plaut. Pers. 5. 2. 72. Cic. Att. 2. 22. Aiebat illum primo sane d'ei multa contra, ad extremum autem manus dedisse, et affirmasse, nihil se contra ejus voluntatem esse facturum: Eidem 16. 3. Sapienter igitur quod manus dedisti, quodque etiam ultro gratias egisti add Nep. 22. 1. 4. Cæs. Bell. G. 5. 31. Plaut. Pers. 5. 2: 72. Hor Epod. 17. 1." Gesner's Thesaurus. In the stead of dare manus the Latins sometimes say tollere digitum : "Tollere digitum est alteri victoriam concedere: vid. Savaro ad Sidon. Ep. 5. 7. Scal. Lect. Aus. 1. 27. extr. Barth. ad Grat. v. 12." Gesner's Thesaurus. Thus C. S. S. Apollinaris Epist. VII. L. v. Hi sunt, quorum comparationi digitum tollerent Narcissus, Asiaticus, Massa, Marcellus, Parthenius, Licinius, et Pallas.' Jo. Savaro adds the fol lowing Note: "Digitum tollerent, i. e. victos se faterentur: Cicero apud Lactant. L. 3. c. 8. Cedo, et manum tollo : Persius Sat. 5. -Digitum exere: Vettis interpres, Digito sublato ostende victum te esse a vitiis, tractum a gladiatoribus, qui victi ostensione digiti veniam a populo postulabant,' ad suum morem allusit D. Hieron. adversus Luciferianos, En tollo manum, cedo, vicisti: Sidon. in Narbone, 'Et si pulpita personare socco 'Comœdus voluisset, huic levato 'Palmam tu digito dares, Menander!'” Hence Quinctil. 8. 5. says Pugnare ad digitum,' which is, as Gesner says, donec alter digitum tollerent. Mr. Burder says in his Oriental Customs (vol. 2. p. 352. third Edition) on St. John c. xxi. 18. "When thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee: it was customary in the ancient combats for the vanquished person to stretch out his hands to the conqueror, signifying that he declined the battle, acknowledging that he was conquered, and submitting to the direction of the victor: thus Theocritus Idyll. XXII. 'And hands uprais'd with death-presaging mind, so also Turnus in Virgil, 'Thine is the conquest; lo, the Latian bands 'Behold their gen'ral stretch his suppliant hands' Pitt. in the instance now above cited the stretching out of the hands was to be a token of submission to that power, under which he would fall and perish." The Reviewer says, as we have seen-"If we say simply that the idioms, tollere manum, and dare manus alicui, with some others, announce a disposition to submission on the part of the persons to whom they are applied, it is well"-I should be glad to ask the Reviewer, if I have pretended to go any further, as I am not yet conscious of it. But now that he has stirred the question, I will give both to him, and to others "clear and precise ideas" upon the subject. Be it known then-(1.) That tollere digitum, is a gladiatorial mark of submission, as we learn from the old Scholiast on Persius Sat. 5. (Digitum exere, Digito sublato ostende victum te esse a vitiis, tractum a gladiatoribus, qui victi ostensione digiti veniam a populo postulabant); that Persius uses exerere digitum for the proper term tollere digitum; that Cicero, as cited by Lactantius L. III. c. 8., uses tollere manum with the same allusion; that if Cicero had said tollere manus, there would not have been this gladiatorial allusion, as tollere manus is applied in a military sense to persons, who surrender, supplicating for mercy with hands supine, as when Horace says Calo supinas si tuleris manus, and it is then synonymous with tendere manus, generatim solebant orantes manus supinas ad cœlum ac deos tendere, Virg. Æn. 3. 176., supinas, i. e. expansas, sic manibus supinis accipere Seneca dixit De Benef. 1, 15., et Ĉic. Cat. 4, 9. Supplex ma 66 nus tendit patria communis," B. Faber Thes. Scholast. Erudit., and so too Vossius (cited in Oudendorp's Cæsar B. G. 5. 31. Lug. Bat. 1737. p. 250.) says, "Erat autem ille mos dedititiorum, sed de illis proprie dicitur tendere manas, unde Cæsar L. VII. c. 40. Manus tendere, et deditionem significare, Zosimus L. II. λoùs de Cwygia ixwv TÒ περιλειφθὲν πλῆθος χεῖρας ἀνατεῖναν ἐδέξατο,” with which last, as well as with the passage of Seneca above, the reader may compare the pas sage of Suidas under the word is, cited by Mr. Blomfield on the Prom. v. 1040. προθυμία τῇ πάσῃ ἀναπετάσαντες τὰς πύλας, ἐδέξαντο ὑπτίαις Xegoi Tous meλeμious: hence then Quintil. says 8. 5. Pugnare ad digitum, which is well explained by Gesner, donec alter digitum tolleret, "pugnare ad digitum ap. Martial. De Spectac. Epigr. 29. h. e. sine spe missionis, donec alter e gladiatoribus digitum tollat, et victum se fateatur, alii exponunt, donec præses certaminis, digitum pollicem vertat, et mori alterutrum jubeat," Forcellinus Lex. totius Latinitatis: Tollere digitum is also an auctioneering phrase, "Cic. Verr. 1, 241. c. 54. Accurrunt tamen ad tempus tutores, digitum tollit Junius patruus, significat sese redemtorem, hoc ipse alibi digito liceri vocat, in emtione enim antiquitus post licitationem digitus lavabatur, significans quenquam emtioni allubescere, Martial Jam mea res digitum sustulit hospitibus, unde manceps est appellatus, qui quidpiam conducens manum tollebat, se significans emtorem, hoc erat apud veteres micare, per digitorum levationem distrahere; huc respicit Manil. 5. 318. Non illo coram digitos licitantium quæsiverit, desideraverit, hasta auctionis, ad quam venduntur bona prescriptorum, Defueritque bonis sector, sic emendavit feliciter Bentleius, vid. Scal, ad Manil. p. 118. et Hotom. in Cic. Verr. 1. c. 54." Gesner's Thes. Ling. Lat.: Tollere digitum is also a phrase to denote applause, as Gesner remarks, "Est etiam favere, suffragari, Hor. Epist. 1. 19, 66. Vulgus utroque suum laudabut pollice ludum :” Tollere manus, besides the signification of a suppliant posture mentioned above, has the following meanings noticed by Basil Faber: 1. "Tollebant manus, suffragia ferentes, v. Voss. Inst. Orat. 4. p. 162 sq. et L. 6. p. 535 sq.; 2, in admiratione, Cic. Acad. Qu. 4, 19. Hortensius vehementer admirans, quod quidem perpetuo Lucullo loquente fecerat, ut etiam manus sæpe tolleret, Idem Fam. 7. 5. Sustulimus manus, ego et Balbus, tanta fuit opportunitas, ut illud nescio quod, non fortuitum, sed divinum videretur, Catull. 54, 4. Admirans ait hæc, manumque tollens." "We have always (2.) Dare manus alicui: the Reviewer says, been accustomed to coincide in opinion with those critics, neither few, nor unknown, who have explained dare manus as implying an allusion to a battle, not of gladiators, but of warriors, and representing the conquered as stretching out both hands to receive the humiliating manacles of war." This is the opinion of Lambin, cited in Havercamp's Lucretius on L. II. v. 1041., who says, translatum a re mili tari: it may be so, but before the Reviewer can establish his point, he must be able to produce an instance from any historian, Livy, |