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Europeans, than here or at Madras; for we find that European example in the large towns is the bane of Christian instruction.' One instance of hostility to the Mission they mentioned as having occurred only a few weeks before my arrival. On the 9th of July, 1756, the native Christians at Tranquebar celebrated a JUBILEE, in commemoration of the fiftieth year since the Christian ministers brought the Bible from Europe. The present year 1806, being the second 50th, preparations were made at Tranquebar for the second Jubilee, on the 9th of last month; but the French principles preponderating in the Government, they would not give it any public support; in consequence of which it was not observed with that solemnity which was intended. But in other places, where there were few Europeans, it was celebrated by the native Christians with enthusiasm and every demonstration of joy. When I expressed my astonishment at this hostility, the aged Missionary, Dr. John, said, I have always remarked that the disciples of Voltaire are the true enemies of Missions, and that the enemies of Missions are, in general, the disciples of Voltaire." "

"Tanjore, 30th August, 1806.

"On my entering this Province, I stopped an hour at a village near the road; and there I first heard the name of SWARTZ pronounced by a Hindoo. When I arrived at the capital, I waited on Major Blackburne, the British Resident at the Court of Tanjore, who informed me that the Rajah had appointed the next day at 12 o'clock, to receive my visit. On the same day I went to Swartz's garden close to the Christian village, where the Rev. Mr. Kohloff resides. Mr. Kohloff is the worthy successor of Mr. Swartz: and with him I found the Rev. Dr. John and Mr. Horst, two other Missionaries, who were on a visit to Mr. Kohloff. "Next day I visited the Rajah of Tanjore, in company with Major Blackburne. When the first ceremonial was over, the Rajah conducted us to the grand saloon, which was adorned by the portraits of his ancestors; and immediately led me up to the portrait of Mr. Swartz. He then discoursed for a considerable time

concerning that 'good man,' whom he ever revered as 'his father, and guardian.' The Rajah speaks and writes English very intelligibly. I smiled to see

Swartz's picture amongst these Hindoo kings, and thought with myself that there are many who would think such a combination scarcely possible. I then addressed the Rajah, and thanked him, in the name of the Church of England, for his kindness to the late Mr. Swartz, and to his successors, and particularly for his recent acts of benevolence to the Christians residing within his provinces. The Missionaries had just informed me that the Rajah had erected a College for Hindoos, Mahomedans, and Christians;' in which provision was made for the instruction of fifty Christian children.' His Highness is very desirous that I should visit this College, which is only about sixteen miles from the capital. Having heard of the fame of the ancient Shanscrit, and Mahratta Library of the kings of Tanjore, I requested his Highness would present a catalogue of its volumes to the College of Fort-William; which he was pleased to do. It is voluminous, and written in the Mahratta character; for that is the proper language of the Tanjore Court.

"In the evening I dined with the Resident, and the Rajah sent his band of music, consisting of eight or more Vinas with other instruments. The Vina or Been, is the ancient instrument which Sir William Jones has described in his interesting descant on the musical science of the Hindoos, in the Asiatic Researches, and the sight of which, he says, he found it so difficult to obtain in northern India. The band played the English air of 'God save the King,' set to Mahratta words, and applied to the Maha Rajah, or Great King of Tanjore. Two of the Missionaries dined at the Resident's house, together with some English officers. Mr. Kohloff informed me that Major Blackburne has promoted the interests of the Mission by every means in his power. Major Blackburne is a man of superior attainments, amiable manners, and a hospitable disposition; and is well qualified for the important station he has long held, as English Resident at this Court.

"On the day following, I went to view the Hindoo

Temples, and saw the great BLACK BULL of Tanjore. It is said to be of one stone, hewn out of a rock of granite; and so large that the Temple was built around it. While I surveyed it, I reflected on the multitude of natives, who, during the last hundred years, had turned away their eyes from this idol. When I returned, I sat some hours with the missionaries, conversing on the general state of Christianity in the provinces of Tanjore, Tritchinopoly, Madura, and Palamcottah. They want help. Their vineyard is increased, and their laborers are decreased. They have had no supply from Germany in the room of Swartz, Iænicke, and Gericke; and they have no prospect of further supply, except from 'the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge;' who, they hope, will be able to send out English Preachers to perpetuate the Mission."

"Tanjore, Sept. 2, 1806.

"Last Sunday and Monday, were interesting days to me, at Tanjore. It being rumored that a friend of the late Mr. Swartz had arrived, the people assembled from all quarters. On Sunday three Sermons were preached in three different languages. At eight o'clock we proceeded to the Church built by Mr. Swartz within the Fort. From Mr. Swartz's pulpit I preached in English from Mark xiii. 10; "And the Gospel must first be published among all nations.' The English gentlemen here attended, civil and military, with the Missionaries, Catechists, and British soldiers. After this service was ended, the congregation of Hindoos assembled in the same Church, and filled the aisles and porches. The Tamul Service commenced with some forms of prayer, in which all the congregation joined with loud fervor. A chapter of the Bible was then read, and a hymn of Luther's sung. After a short extempore prayer, during which the whole congregation knelt on the floor, the Rev. Dr. John delivered an animated Discourse in the Tamul Tongue, from these words, Jesus stood and cried, saying, if any man thirst, let him come to me and drink.' As Mr. Whitefield, on his first going to Scotland, was surprised at the rustling of the leaves of the Bible, which took place immediately on his pronouncing

his text (so different from any thing he had seen in his own country) so I was surprised here at the sound of the iron pen engraving the Palmyra leaf. Many persons had their Ollas in their hands writing the Sermon in Tamul short-hand. Mr. Kohloff assured me that some of the elder Students and Catechists will not lose a word of the preacher if he speak deliberately.* This, thought I, is more than some of the Students at our English Universities can do. This aptitude of the people to record the words of the preacher, renders it peculiarly necessary that the priests' lips should keep knowledge.' An old rule of the Mission is, that the Sermon of the morning should be read to the Schools in the evening by the Catechist, from his Palmyra leaf.

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"Another custom obtains among them which pleased me much. In the midst of the discourse the preacher sometimes puts a question to the congregation; who answer it without hesitation in one voice. The object is to keep their attention awake, and the minister generally prompts the answer himself. Thus, suppose that he is saying, My dear Brethren, it is true that your profession of the faith of Christ is attended with some reproach, and that you have lost your cast with the Brahmins. But your case is not peculiar. The man of the world is the man of cast in Europe; and he despises the humble and devout disciple of Christ, even as your Brahmin contemns the Sooder. But, thus it hath been from the beginning. Every faithful Christian must lose cast for the Gospel; even as Christ himself, the Forerunner, made himself of no reputation, and was despised and rejected of men. In like manner, you will be despised; but be of good cheer, and say, though we have lost our cast and inheritance amongst men, we shall receive in heaven a new name and a better inheri tance, through Jesus Christ our Lord.' He then adds, What, my beloved Brethren, shall you obtain in hea

* It is well known that natives of Tanjore and Travancore, can write fluently what is spoken deliberately. They do not look much at their ollas while writing. The fibre of the leaf guides. the pen.

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ven? They answer, ' A new name and a better inheritance, through Jesus Christ our Lord.' It is impossible for a stranger not to be affected with this scene. This custom is deduced from Ziegenbalg, who proved its use by long experience.

After the Sermon was ended, I returned with the Missionaries into the vestry or library of the Church. Here I was introduced to the Elders and Catechists of the congregation. Among others came SATTIANADEN, the Hindoo preacher, one of whose Sermons was published in England some years ago, by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. He is now advanced in years, and his black locks have grown grey. As I returned from the Church, I saw the Christian families going back in crowds to the country, and the boys looking at their ollas. What a contrast, thought I, is this to the scene at Juggernaut! Here there is becoming dress, humane affections, and rational discourse. I see here no skulls, no self-torture, no self-murder, no dogs and vultures tearing human flesh! Here the Christian virtues are found in exercise by the feebleminded Hindoo, in a vigor and purity which will surprise those who have never known the native character but under the greatest disadvantages, as in Bengal. It certainly surprised myself; and when I reflected on the moral conduct, upright dealing, and decorous manners of the native Christians of Tanjore, I found in my breast a new evidence of the peculiar excellence and benign influence of the Christian Faith.

"At four o'clock in the afternoon, we attended Divine Service at the Chapel in the Mission Garden out of the Fort. The Rev. Mr. Horst preached in the Portuguese language. The organ here accompanied the voice in singing. I sat on a granite stone which covered the grave of Swartz., The epitaph is in English verse, written by the present Rajah, and signed by him, Serfogee.' In the evening Mr. Kohloff presided at the exercise in the Schools; on which occasion the Tamul Sermon was repeated, and the boys' ollas examined.

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"In consequence of my having expressed a wish to hear Sattianaden preach, Mr. Kohloff had given notice

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