that there would be Divine Service next day, Monday. Accordingly the Chapel in Swartz's garden was crowded at an early hour. Sattianaden delivered his Discourse in the Tamul Language, with much natural eloquence, and with visible effect. His subject was the Marvellous Light.' He first described the pagan darkness, then the light of Ziegenbalg, then the light of Swartz, and then the heavenly light, when there shall be no more need of the light of the sun, or of the moon.' In quoting a passage from Scripture, he desired a lower minister to read it, listening to it as to a record; and then proceeded to the illustration. The responses by the audience were more frequently called for than in the former Sermon. He concluded with praying fervently for the glory and prosperity of the Church of England. After the Sermon, I went up to Sattianaden and the old Christians who had known Swartz came around us. They were anxious to hear something of the progress of Christianity in the North of India. They said they had heard good news from Bengal. I told them that the news were good, but that Bengal was exactly a hundred years behind Tanjore.

"I have had long conversation with the Missionaries, relating to the present circumstances of the Tanjore Mission. It is in a languishing state at this moment, in consequence of the war on the Continent of Europe. Two of its sources have dried up, the Royal College at Copenhagen, and the Orphan-house at Halle, in Germany. Their remaining resources from Europe is the stipend of "The Society for promoting Christian Knowledge;" whom they never mention but with emotions of gratitude and affection. But this supply is by no means commensurate with the increasing number of their Churches and Schools. The chief support of the Mission is derived from itself. Mr. Swartz had in his life time acquired a considerable property, through the kindness of the English Government and of the Native Princes. When he was dying, he said, "Let the cause of Christ be my heir." When his colleague, the pious Gericke, was departing, he also bequeathed his property to the Mission. And now Mr. Kohloff gives from his private funds an annual sum; not that

he can well afford it; but the Mission is so extended, that he gives it, he told me, to preserve the new and remote congregations in existence. He stated that there were upwards of ten thousand Protestant Christians belonging to the Tanjore and Tinavelly districts alone, who had not among them one complete copy of the Bible; and that not one Christian perhaps in a hundred, had a New Testament; and yet there are some copies of the Tamul Scriptures still to be sold at Tranquebar: but the poor natives cannot afford to purchase them. When I mentioned the designs of the Bible Society in England, they received the tidings with very sensible emotions of thankfulness. Mr. Horst said, if only every tenth person were to obtain a copy of the Scriptures, it would be an event long to be remembered in Tanjore. They lamented much that they were destitute of the aid of a printing press, and represented to me that the progress of Christianity had been materially retarded of late years by the want of that important auxiliary. They have petitioned the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge to send them one. They justly observed, if you can no longer send us Missionaries to preach the Gospel, send us the means of printing the Gospel.* The Tranquebar Mission and the Madras Mission have both possessed printing-presses for a long period; by the means of which they have been extensively useful in distributing the Scriptures and religious publications in several languages. The Mission Press at Tranquebar may be said to have been the fountain of all the good that was done in India during the last century. It was established by Ziegenbalg. From this press, in conjunction with that at Halle in Germany, have proceeded volumes in Arabic, Syriac, Hindostanee, Tamul, Telinga, Portuguese, Danish, and

* The Brahmins in Tanjore have procured a press, 66 which they dedicate (say the Missionaries, in their last letter) to the glory of their gods:" but the Missionaries who first introduced the civilization of Christianity at the Tanjore Capital, are still without one. Printing is certainly the legitimate instrument of the Christian for the promulgation of Christianity. We Protestants have put it into the Hands of the Brahmins, and we ought to see to it, that the teachers of our own religion are possessed of an equal advantage.

English. I have in my possession the Psalms of David in the Hindostanee Language, printed in the Arabic character; and the History of Christ in Syriac, intend ed probably for the Syro-Romish Christians on the seacoast of Travancore, whom a Danish Missionary once visited, both of which volumes were edited by the Missionaries of Tranquebar. There is also in Swartz's Library at Tanjore, a Grammar of the Hindostanee Language in quarto, published at the same press: an important fact which was not known at the College of Fort-William, when Professor Gilchrist commenced his useful labors in that language."

*

"Tanjore, Sept. 3, 1806.

"Before I left the capital of Tanjore, the Rajah was pleased to honor me with a second audience. On this occasion he presented to ine a portrait of himself, a very striking likeness, painted by a Hindoo artist at the Tanjore Court. The Missionary, Dr. John, accompanied me to the palace. The Rajah received him with much kindness, and presented to him a piece of gold cloth. Of the resident Missionary, Mr. Kohloff, whom the Rajah sees frequently, he spoke to me in terms of high. approbation. This cannot be very agreeable to the Brahmins; but the Rajah, though he yet professes the Brahminical religion is no longer obedient to the dic tates of the Brahmins, and they are compelled to admit his superior attainments in knowledge. I passed the chief part of this morning in looking over Mr. Swartz's manuscripts and books and when I was coming away. Mr. Kohloff presented to me a Hebrew Psalter, which had been Mr. Swartz's companion for fifty years: also a brass lamp which he had got first when a Student at the College of Halle, and had used in his lucubrations to the time of his death; for Mr. Swartz seldom preached to the natives without previous study. I thought I saw the image of Swartz in his successor. Mr. Kohloff is a man of great simplicity of manners, of meek deportment, and of ardent zeal in the cause of revealed.

It is now placed in the Public Library of the University of Cambridge.

Religion, and humanity. He walked with me through the Christian villages close to his house; and I was much pleased to see the affectionate respect of the people towards him; the young people of both sexes coming forward from the doors on both sides, to salute him and receive his benediction."*

"September 4th, 1806.

"Leaving Tanjore I passed through the woods inhabited by the Collaries (or thieves) now humanized by Christianity. When they understood who I was, they followed me on the road, stating their destitute condition, in regard to religious instruction. They were clamorous for Bibles. They supplicated for teach

That I may give to those who are interested in the promotion of Christianity in the East, a more just view of the character of Swartz's successor, the Rev. Mr. Kohloff, I shall subjoin an Extract of a Letter which I have since received from the Rev. Mr. Horst.

Tanjore, Sept. 24, 1807.

"The Rev. Mr. Kohloff is sometimes rather weak, on account of so many and various cares that assail him without ceasing. He provides for the wants of this and the Southern Missions, (Tritchinopoly excepted) by disbursing annually upwards of one thousand pagodas (about 250. sterling) out of his private purse, partly to make up the difference between the income and expenditure of this and the Southern Mission (of which I annex an Abstract) and the rest in assisting the deserving poor, without regard to religion, and for various pious uses. To him, as Arbitrator and Father, apply all Christians that are at variance, disturbed from without or from within, out of service or distressed; for most of our Christians will do any thing rather than go to law.

"All these heterogeneous, but, to a Missionary at Tanjore, unavoidable avocations, joined to the ordinary duties of his station, exercise his mind early and late; and he is not of a robust constitution, will undermine his health at last. Happily, several neighboring Churches and new congregations, belonging to the Mission of Tanjore, afford Mr. Kohloff frequent opportunities to relax his mind, and to recruit his health and spirits, by making occasional short excursions to see these new Christians, who were professed thieves only a few years ago, and many of them are now an honor to the Christian profession, and industrious peasants. It is pleasing to behold the anxiety with which a great number of our Christian children inquire at such times, when their father will return; and how they run several miles to meet him with shouts and clapping of hands, and hymns of thanks to God, as soon as they discern his palankeen, at a distance."

ers. "We don't want bread or money from you, said they; but we want the word of God." Now, thought I, whose duty is it to attend to the moral wants of this people? Is it that of the English nation, or of some other nation?"

"Tritchinopoly, September 5th.

6

"The first church built by Swartz is at this place. It is called Christ's Church, and is a large building. capable of containing perhaps two thousand people. The aged Missionary, the Rev. Mr. Pohle, presides over this church, and over the native congregations at this place. Christianity flourishes; but I found that here, as at other places, there is a 'famine of Bibles.' The Jubilee was celebrated on the 9th of July, being the hundredth year from the arrival of the messengers of the Gospel. On this occasion their venerable Pastor preached from Matt. xxviii. 19; Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.' At this station, there are about a thousand English troops. Mr. Pohle being a German, does not speak English very well; but he is reverenced for his piety by the English; and both officers and men are glad to hear the religion of their country preached in any way. On the Sunday morning, I preached in Christ's Church to a full assembly from these words, For we have seen his Star in the East, and are come to worship him.' Indeed what I had seen in these provinces rendered this text the most appropriate I could select. Next day some of the English soldiers came to me, desiring to know how they might procure Bibles. It is a delightful thing, said one of them, to hear our own religion preached by our own countrymen.' I am informed that there are at this time above twenty English regiments in India, and that not one of them has a chaplain. The menlive without religion, and then they bury each other. O England, England, it is not for thine own goodness that Providence giveth thee the treasures of India!