with hydrochloric acid it produces a bluish color. Essences of bergamot, citron, and of mint coagulate albumen. Egg albumen agitated with chloroform forms a jelly.

28. By glue is meant the common glue employed by joiners. This product is manufactured from skin wastes and parings of all kinds, and is found in sheets of a dark color and of a disagreeable animal odor.

29. Coral, unwrought, is that which is imported in lumps or whole or cut branches, but neither polished, carved, nor perforated to be strung.

30. By fine and medium sponges are meant toilet sponges and which, even when partially bleached and freed from their sand and calcareous fragments, are composed of cells never exceeding one-half centimeter in diameter.

31. Common sponges differ from fine and medium sponges by being harder, darker colored, their cells exceeding one-half centimeter in diameter and their volume being larger.

32. This number applies to stearic acid in cakes, a solid, fatty matter, of a slightly transparent white color and lighter than water. This product is insoluble in water and dissolves in boiling lyes of soda or potash and in alcohol.

For the application of the duty the form and size of the cakes are not taken into account, nor is it considered whether the product is sufficiently purified or still contains other fatty acids, rendering it impure. Stearin melted in lumps or pieces follows the same régime.

33. Glycerin which is obtained from the saponification of fatty substances, is a neutral liquid, colorless, odorless, and having a sweet taste. It is soluble in water and in alcohol, and almost insoluble in ether.

Glycerin dissolves gums, soap, creosote, and albumen, but it exercises no dissolving action on calomel, sulphuret of carbon, essential oils or camphor. It precipitates gold chloride.

Only glycerin containing no admixture of foreign substances for the purpose of being converted into medicine or a toilet product is classed unde. this number.

34. Grenetina or gelatina, which is a product obtained by the action of boiling water on bones, gristle and sinews, occurs in the form of thin, transparant, odorless, insipid, colorless sheets, though sometimes of a red hue. In cold water, which it absorbs, grenetina increases in volume; it dissolves in hot water, and when cooling forms into a transparent and gelatinous mass.

Alcohol congeals its solutions, and gallnuts or tannin produce therein a darkcolored precipitate.

35. Guano is formed from the droppings of various aquatic birds which have been accumulating for several centuries. Generally speaking, it is pulverulent and has a color varying between gray and yellow or dark red. It is mixed with pebbles and rough sand, and when put in contact with water it at once emits carbonic acid. On mixing a small quantity of guano with slackened lime and sufficiently moistening such quantity with water by thorougly shaking it, it ought to emit an ammoniacal odor, and the better the quality of the guano undergoing the test, the stronger the smell. Occasionally guano is mixed with large crystals of sal ammoniac, called guano crystals. Condensed manures, which are classed under this number, consist of very azotic matters, ammoniacal salts, phosphates, and chlorides, and sometimes contain residues of of animal black, sulphate of ammonia, nitrates of soda and of potash, and phosphoric acid.

36. Isinglass is simply the dried sounds of fish. Isinglass occurs in irregular, rough, white, slightly transparent pieces, with a pearly reflection. It completely dissolves in hot water and is used for clarifying wine and other liquids.

37. This number relates to silk which has not been wrought, but which, being simply unwound from the cocoon and bleached, is offered to trade in the form of large skeins. Although silk is subdivided into different kinds, whether it is produced by the Bombix Cinthia, Faid herbii, Mylitta, Selene, Yama-mai or Mori, the tariff makes no distinction and treats all kinds indiscriminately as to payment of import duty.

38. Animal black is bone charcoal, washed or not, employed in industry for discoloring and clarifying certain products.

Ivory black, known also under the name of Cologne or Cassel earth, even if used as a pigment, and whether in powder or granulated, and likewise all pure animal charcoal, for whatever use intended, are included in this number.

39. Only white or black cod-liver oil, unprepared, i. e., not presented in the form of a patent medicine.

40. By leather belting for machinery are understood bands of a uniform width corresponding to the surface of the pulley to which destined, provided that their length be also in proportion to such destination. For instance, single strips of leather can not be considered as belts unless joined together to form a transmission belt.

41. This number comprises ordinary tanned hides, even if colored, polished, stamped, or varnished. Hides tanned with the hair only follow this régime in the

case of common skins. Rare skins, such as those of the tiger and the like, must be dutiable as fine hair skins, irrespective whether of one single piece or composed of different pieces joined together or applied on tissue.

42. This number refers to sets of harness, complete or not; accordingly collars, traces, and other parts follow the same régime, with the exception of detached buckles and rings, even when covered with leather.

43. Are included in this number fine skins tanned with the hair, used for furs, such as ermine, sable, fox, otter, beaver, and the like. No difference is made in their classification if imported in strips or bands, sewn or made up into articles, such as cuffs, boas, or cloaks.

The following are likewise included in this number, viz, the skins of birds, rats, cats, rabbits, wolves, tigers, lions, bears, bisons, zebras, etc., provided they be tanned with their feathers or hair, even if lined or made up into articles.

44. Wrought coral is that which is cut and polished, whether carved, presented in pearls, or simply in fragments perforated to be strung in the form of chaplets. 45. By ginned cotton is understood cotton which has passed through the ginning machine and which, freed from its seed, only consists of entangled and disorderly fibers.

46. The régime of this number shall apply to waste of cotton from the cards after the process of carding, thread waste, the waste of balls from the looms, and all waste which can be utilized for machine cleaning and for lubricating axle bearings. 47. This number applies to cotton which, after having been carded, is presented with all its fibers arranged in the same direction, thus forming sheets of finely combed textile materials.

This régime also applies to carded cotton used in medicine under the name of absorbing cotton, provided, of course, it be not saturated with medicinal substances; also carded cotton glued or fixed upon Chinese (tissue) paper, known under the name of wadding used for padding.

48. Green aniseed is a small oblong seed of about 3 millimeters, of a green color and a sweetish taste, which must not be confounded with Chinese anise, star anise, or badian, for the latter is formed of at least six dark-brown oval shells, gathered together at the top in such manner as to form a star. Each shell contains a very shiny seed of a very strong anise odor, and which are used in preparation of certain liqueurs.

49. Under the denomination of dried fruits are classed all fruits which in their natural state contain no watery juice, such as nuts, hazelnuts, etc.; likewise those dried in the oven, in the sun, or by any other process, e. g., raisins, figs, dates, chestnuts, etc.

50. This number applies to fresh garden produce, vegetables, tubers, and fruits not specially mentioned in the tariff. By fresh fruit is understood fruit which, owing to its juicy nature, is easily perishable, such as grapes, apples, oranges, pineapples, pears, etc., and having undergone no preparation likely to alter their state of freshness.

51. The following are included in this number: Vegetable alimentary products, preserved, not specially mentioned, with or without sauces, when imported in tins or glass or earthenware receptacles, such as pease, asparagus, cabbage, pickles, mustard or pimento sauces, and other edible preserves, with the exception of fruits in sirup, juice, or brandy.

52. Only medicinal seeds and berries, fresh or dried, but neither pulverized, grated, nor pressed in the form of a paste or cakes, are included in this number.

53. Rough cork is the bark of the cork tree still coated with its rough and hard crust, forming the outer part of the trunk. Cork cut into sheets is free from its rough surface. It is used for making stoppers, and is not otherwise dutiable if, instead of being imported in large sheets, it enters in the form of cubes of from 3 to 5 centimeters side. As this number merely covers the raw material destined to industrial purposes, it only applies to sheets of greater or less thickness and not to thin sheets for soles and other purposes.

54. Vegetable hair is a fibrous parasite plant known under the name of Spanish beard (barbe espagnole) and used as excelsior for upholstering furniture.

55. Rough common wood only, proceeding from the felling of trees and solely fit for use as firewood, is included in this number, to the exclusion of fine wood in pieces capable of being employed in cabinet work.

56. Lycopodium is formed by the light spores of an orange-like yellow, which fall from the cryptogam known under the name of Lycopodium clavatum. It is lighter than water, upon which it floats. It is quickly inflammable when thrown on a flame.

57. In this number are included all preserves, fruit sirups, sweetmeats, fruits preserved in sirup or candied, dessert pastry, but not such preserves as, being simply used as excipients for medicinal substances, are rendered unfit for table use.

58. This number comprises pure fecula and likewise all feculæ prepared by means of milk, sugar, barley, or other nutritious substances, intended for infants' food and

invalids. Feculæ in whose composition medicinal substances enter shall also follow the régime of this number, which likewise applies to tapioca, arrowroot, and semolina, provided that these articles retain their character of alimentary or nutritive products.

59. All kinds of biscuits, even dessert, are included in this number. By dessert biscuits are understood those ornamented with sugar, chocolate, seeds, or fruits, and not those consisting of an interior of floury paste completely covered with sugar paste and resembling bonbons. Plum puddings, gingerbread, and the like shall follow the same régime.

60. This number applies to molasses of the sugar cane, maple, or glucose, thick and viscous, employed in industry as raw materials, but not. to sirups, fully clarified, colored, or mixed with fruit juices or aromatic substances and fit for immediate use as sirups.

61. By alimentary pastes are meant the so-called Italian pastes used for soups, such as vermicelli, tagliarini, macaroni, stars, etc.

62. Under this number are classed nonvolatile oils of vegetable origin, generally obtained by the crushing of seeds, fruits, or other parts of plants. At a normal temperature these oils are liquid, some under like conditions being, however, solid or unctious, such as, e. g., cocoa oil, nutmeg oil, and others, which in that case are called concrete. A drop of fixed oil poured on paper will produce a greasy stain which does not disappear by quick evaporation. Contrary to essential or volatile oils, fixed oils saponify under the action of alkalies.

63. Gums, resins, and balsams referred to in this number are obtained from gumresinous plants by incision, exudation, or any other process.

These substances shall, unless otherwise mentioned, be dutiable according to this number.

64. Opium is the gum-resinous juice extracted by incisions made in the capsules of the poppy. It has a pasty consistency, a dark color, a strong odor, and a bitter and acrid taste.

65. Essential oils are extracted from the odorous matter contained in the utricles of some vegetables. Their odor spreads easily by reason of their being very volatile; whilst being inflammable, of an acrid taste, they are soluble in alcohol, ether, and fixed oils and insoluble in water, which, however, they may aromatize by contact. They dissolve phosphorous, iodine, sulphur, and greases, and are incapable of saponifying under the action of alkalies. Certain essential oils, as of camphor, menthol, and others, are solid; some are real stearoptenes, others, such as thymol, constitute acid principles.

66. Spirits or essence of turpentine is obtained from the distillation of the resinous pine tree. It dissolves phosphorous, iodine, caoutchouc, resins, and greases. It is volatile and inflammable.

Turpentines are resinous, fluid, have a strong smell, an acrid taste, and are of a more or less yellowish color. In trade they are subdivided into different kinds, known under the names of Bordeaux, Canadian, Chio (Kioo), Mecca, Venice, Triest, and Strasburg turpentines. All these, including terebenthene, terpene, and terpinol are dutiable according to this number.

67. This number includes tar produced by the distillation or combustion of certain resinous woods. When in the mass this product is black, but if spread out into thin sheets it assumes a reddish tint. It is acrid and bitter to the palate; has a strong smell, resembling that of burnt resin. Tar is soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils, and it communicates its taste to water, which it slightly colors yellow. Vegetable tar of any kind, cade oil, and creosote come under this same régime. Solutions and other pharmaceutical preparations of these kinds, such as "goudron de Guyot," are comprised in "Pharmaceutical products not specially mentioned" and not in this number.

68. The unwrought amber mentioned in this number is the fossil resin called "karabé" or "succin," such as found in the earth. It is yellow, opaque and transparent, hard and brittle. When burnt, it exhales an aromatic odor, and it is almost insoluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils, acetic and nitric acids, diluted alkalies, sulphuret of carbon, and in benzine. It can be distinguished from resins used in imitation or falsification of this product, owing to these resins exhaling, when burning, a resinous odor; dissolving in essential oils; and a bit of amber ignited and falling upon a table rebounds with a slight crepitation and consumes, whereas, under like conditions, a drop of resin or of gum copal spreads in falling, ceases to burn, and consumes without noise or motion.

69. Indigo is a coloring vegetable substance obtained from certain plants. It occurs in irregular lumps of a fine dark-blue color, which, on being rubbed by means of a smooth body, assume a copperish reflection. Indigo is odorless and insipid. In dissolving the same, sulphuric acid produces a thick liquid with greenish reflections. Both nitric acid and chlorine discolor indigo.

Prussian blue serves to imitate indigo, but in such case the lumps are of a brighter

blue and velvety. Prussian blue discolors under the action of sulphuric acid, but not under that of chlorine.

70. This number includes charcoal used as fuel and also powdered charcoal for whatever use.

71. By "vegetable wax" is meant all wax proceeding from various vegetable products, such as Chinese or Japanese wax or palmitine, Carnauba wax, palm-tree wax or "céroxyle," myrica or myrtle wax, "bicuiba" and "ocuba" wax.

72. Dextrine is used in industry as a substitute for gum or gluten arising from the roasting of starch or feculæ. It is generally imported in a yellowish powder, slightly adhesive, and with the brilliant and odor peculiar to fecule. It is soluble in water or in very diluted alcohol, but insoluble in high-proof alcohol. Well-prepared dextrine is not colored blue under the action of iodine.

73. Damar gum or "kowry" resin is colorless when newly extracted, but it subsequently assumes a yellow color, sometimes rather dark with opaque or milky parts. It is easily fusible. When reduced to powder, it emits an aromatic odor of turpentine and sometimes the perfume of orange peel. Being very brittle, it is easily reduced to pieces. It occurs sometimes in large tears; sometimes in masses of an irregular angular shape, with an opaque, gray or blackish surface.

Copal gum or resin is greatly analogous to damar gum. It sometimes occurs in tears; sometimes in irregular spherical or agglomerated fragments covered with a whitish dust. Its color varies between light yellow and orange yellow. It is insoluble in fixed oils, and while burning emits a strong resinous odor.

Gum arabic is white, of a vitreous aspect, and brittle. Being soluble in water, it forms therein an agglutinant mucilage. Generally, gum arabic is substituted by or mixed with Senegal, Galam, or "Salabreda" gum, which occurs in irregular, crackled tears of white, blond, or reddish color. Like gum arabic, these products are soluble in water.

"Salabreda" gum is more transparent and generally takes the shape of small twisted ribbons. Gum arabic solution gives a gelatinous precipitate under the action of protonitrate of mercury, which, however, only disturbs in a small degree a solution of Senegal gum.

Gum lac occurs sometimes in dark-colored sticks full of impure matter, at other times in irregular fragments, and more frequently in shells or small, thin, brittle sheets. It varies between a blond color and dark red. It is insoluble in water, ether, sulphuret of carbon, benzine, turpentine oil, acetic acid, and ammoniac, and is soluble in alcohol and in caustic soda.

In trade, is also known a white gum lac in sticks, twisted in spirals, shiny and silky, which proceeds from the artificial discoloration of yellow lac.

Barbary-tree gum or sandarac is in small lengthened lemon-colored sheets, generally coated with a very fine and clear dust. Its odor is somewhat resinous. It is soluble in alcohol, with which it furnishes a very brilliant varnish. Although soluble in ether, it is insoluble in acetic acid and caustic soda.

Gum tragacanth occurs in sheets, flakes, or flat white filaments, having the appearance of horn. It is insipid and odorless. When in contact with water it absorbs the latter and slowly swells into a thick mucilaginous mass, which becomes of a blue color under the action of iodine.

74. Orchil is a coloring substance obtained from the litchen of the same name. Red or violet orchil occurs in a paste or liquid extract, or even in powder, under the name of cudbear. Blue orchil always occurs in small fragments, which in commerce are called litmus stones.

75. This number applies to tannic acid, a powder which is light, spongy, brilliant, yellow, odorless, and astringent to the taste. It is soluble in water, alcohol, or glycerin. Tannic acid is insoluble in pure ether. When treated with ferrous salts tannic acid solutions form a black precipitate, and likewise precipitate solutions of gelatin and albumen.

76. By common building wood is meant any wood unfit for cabinetmakers' work, and which can solely be employed for the building of wooden houses, for usual woodwork, ordinary flooring, or other common or rough work. As specimens of such wood may be cited the pine, oak, poplar, alder, acacia, and ash. This wood may be imported in blocks, beams, planks, and boards, sawn but not planed. Exemption from duty shall not, however, apply thereto if grooved and dovetailed; if sawn into thin sheets for veneers; if wrought in the form of moldings or mosaics; if turned, carved, open-worked, stamped out or veneered, and if imported in fitted or projecting jointed boards.

77. This number includes white-pine wood or resinous fir planks, planed on one surface only, and whose borders are provided on one side with a groove and on the other with a tongue, for the purpose of joining the same.

78. By fine woods is understood any wood which, in addition to its hardness and the fineness of its grain, susceptible of taking a bright polish, is sought after for fine marquetry wares, owing to the beauty of its shades and to its more or less capricious designs, its elasticity, and even its rareness or high price.

Among the different fine woods most generally employed may be mentioned the following, viz: Mahogany, a hard red wood, which darkens under the influence of the air, with compact and fine fibers, susceptible of a fine polish. Its veins always get wider in the same direction and are always darker than the ground. Mahogany is bitter; it emits an aromatic odor similar to that of pepper, which doubtless contributes to preserving it against insects. Ebony, a hard heavy wood, with fine compact grain, of a dark-red color, with dark or completely black veins. This wood sometimes presents violaceous veins and white spots and sometimes a greenish or yellowish tint. The grenadillo, a hard heavy wood, close-grained, blackish, with red veins; the jasmine, a hard compact wood, of a yellow color, with darker veins or spots, resinous and aromatic; the walnut, a wood with lengthened pores, not very hard, of a hazelnut color, with veins and very variegated and capricious designs, susceptible of a fine polish; the palissander, a hard and very thin-grained wood, sometimes presenting apparent fibers. It is hazelnut or violaceous fawn-colored, with veins of a blackish red, which darken under the action of the air. Pallissander is resinous and emits a perfume similar to that of the Florence lily. The rosewood, "Rhodes" wood, the spotted maple ("gateado”), and the thyine wood.

79. This number applies to boards formed by the superposition of different strips of poplar wood, specially employed for the building of carriage bodies. These strips are generally superposed in such a manner that the fibers of one strip are arranged in the opposite direction to the fibers of the other.

80. The following articles are included in this number: Moldings, caryatids rosettes, and other molded articles made of a composition of sawdust combined with glue, fibrin, stuc, sulphur, or other materials, and the surface or outward part of which is covered by an exceedingly thin sheet of wood, which gives to the whole article the appearance of wood carving.

81. In Nos. 237 and 237a are classed twine and cordage of hemp, jute, aloes, and vegetable fibers other than cotton and flax, provided the diameter thereof be less than 3 centimeters.

82. Old cordage for the manufacture of paper must be of a length unfit for a use other than as fibers. If, owing to their size, doubts exist as to their real application, it will be sufficient for the party concerned to consent that the cordage be cut into pieces not exceeding 1 meter, at his expense, in the custom-house.

83. The rags referred to in this number must consist of actual rags only fit for the manufacture of paper pulp.

84. Articles of common wood roughly wrought.-By articles of wood roughly wrought must be understood only ordinary articles not specified, which, even when planed, varnished, or painted, do not contain pieces of wood bordered, turned or perforated work, moldings, carvings, or other kinds of ornamentation or addition which are not of wood roughly wrought. When the articles under consideration contain parts of other material and come under Regulation IV, designated for the application of the tariff, even if the predominating materal be common wood roughly wrought, said articles are not classed under No. 207, but No. 208, provided the weight of the articles does not exceed 1 kilogram; if it does, then in No. 211.

Articles of common wood which are not roughly wrought and weigh more than 1 kilogram.-In No. 208 are comprised articles of common wood not specified, which weigh more than 1 kilogram, having moldings, carvings, turned work, pieces of bordered wood, or any other kind of work in wood which is not rough nor made with inlaid work or incrustations. If the wood of the articles has been turned solely to give it a form more or less cylindrical, entirely smooth, as happens, for instance, in broom handles, the turning is not counted in the classification of the articles.

Articles of fine wood weighing more than 1 kilogram.-In No. 209 are comprised articles not specified of massive, fine wood, or of common wood veneered with fine wood over the whole or part of the article, whatever may be the work of the wood, provided that it is not inlaid and that the articles mentioned weigh more than 1 kilogram.

Articles of wood inlaid.-By "inlaid," in wood referred to, is meant workmanship of marquetry. Accordingly, all articles of wood not specified, whatever may be the kind of wood and the weight of the article, which are inlaid or incrusted with wood, mother-of-pearl, ivory, tortoise shell, celluloid, common metal, or other material not fine metal, are referred to No. 210. Plates of metal or of other material set in the articles, and containing inscriptions, or prepared for engraving, or even to serve for key plates, are not considered as inlaid.

Articles of wood with metal ornaments.-Articles not specified, of any weight whatsoever, and of any kind of wood, having ornaments of bronze or of other metal, except gold, silver, or platinum, are referred to No. 210. By ornaments of metal on the articles are meant moldings, work perforated in plates, ornaments, or engraved figures, placed on or incrusted in them for the purpose of embellishment and not to serve as simple accessories. Said ornaments may be of any common metal, including nickeled, gilded, or plated. Plates of metal or other material, incrusted in the