The laws that we make must either dignify and exalt labor, or they must debase and level it to where caste for two thousand years has attempted to consign it. -Hon. John A. Caldwell, Ohio. WEALTH. NEW ENGLAND NO LONGER LEADS IN ACCUMULATED WEALTH. THE GREAT WEST SHOWN BY THE ELEVENTH CENSUS TO HAVE SURPASSED THE GREAT MANUFACTURING STATES IN THE ACCUMULATION OF TEN YEARS. The increase of wealth from 1880 to 1890 in the States has caused much comment. Free Traders and Calamity Howlers have held up the Eastern manufacturing States as awful examples of greed and robbery, while the poverty of the West has been cited in such piteous and heart-rending stories of wrong and oppression that common justice demands that the people shall be informed at once of the fraud these deceivers of the people are trying to have them believe. The following table from the Census Bulletin on Wealth, No. 379, issued March 19, 1894, is made the basis of calculation. The increased wealth of the Nation is $21,395,091,197, or $1,039 per capita. Twenty-eight out of the fifty States and Territories exceed the average increase per capita. Of these only five are Eastern States, namely, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island; these five having only an average gain of $1,287 per capita, while the five Western States of California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana and Nevada have an average of $3,542 per capita. The only States which have lost in the past ten years are Eastern States, Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. Kansas, which the Populists have pauperized on every possible occasion, saved and accumulated more wealth in the ten years preceding 1890 than did Massachusetts. Nebraska exceeded Pennsylvania in her accumulations, while Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin all and each passed New Jersey in the race for wealth. Where do you find the "Robber Baron," the "Giant Robber," the "Fortress of greed and gain"? No longer in manufacturing New England. Pennsylvania gives place to Texas in the total sum of her savings, and New York, with twenty-two thousand millions of increased wealth, has not as much to divide to each person as those in the District of Columbia, where a factory is not known. Agriculture, the great basic industry, suffered June. -Hon. Philip S. Post, Illinois. WEALTH. (Continued.) WEALTH-OR TRUE VALUATION OF ALL REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY IN THE UNITED $1, 691, 851, 927 231, 459, 897 584, 148, 999 48, 285, 124 385. 000, 000 49, 000, 000 2, 105, 576, 766 705, 000, 000 502 451 942 518 1, 681 792 36, 432, 677 799 909 155, 318, 070 521 467 698, 698, 726 2, 177 825 54, 000, 000 88, 954, 881 349, 411, 234 The McKinley act, I believe, was the most carefully framed. especially in its operative clauses and its classification of duties, of any bill ever passed by the Congress of the United States in respect to tariff duties. -Senator John Sherman, Ohio. WEALTH FROM WASTE. 66 One aspect of the value of protection in building up home manufactures, rather than buying them in foreign countries at a cheaper rate, is seldom sufficiently considered. A removal of the duties on coal, iron ore, and wool is advocated in order to supply manufacturers with cheaper raw material." But is it considered what enters into the production of this raw material? The consumption of air, water, grass, and herbage, which enters into the production of a sheep and its wool, could not be exported or otherwise uitilized, and converting this otherwise waste into wealth is no small consideration. And so, a country which packs its meat before shipment abroad, not only saves the loss of life which would take place on the way, and the cost of transportation to the bulky and more perishable material, but converts into use salt, sawdust, wood, ice, etc., which would otherwise not be utilized; and also the hair, bones, blood, etc., which are converted into other forms of wealth. Paper making gives value to rags, straw, wood, cornstalks, water, etc. And so different manufactures employ bark, sumack berries, clay, sand, and scores of other things which were otherwise waste. So, also, barren land, rocky hills, and other waste spaces are utilized. Besides the consumption of fuel, ores, and forests which might be exported at a loss, the use of what is otherwise incapable of removal and utility, is the point here kept in view. It is safe to say that more waste is thus converted into wealth in the United States than the value of all our imported goods. Shall we utilize this waste or not is a serious question for the free trader. WEST VIRGINIA. Area, 23,000 square miles. Convention met November 24, 1861-Constitution ratified May 3, 1862— the reorganized State of Virginia gave consent to separation, May 13, 1862-Act of Congress to admit as a State, under certain conditions, approved December 31, 1862-by proclamation of the President, April 20, 1863, admitted as a State, June 20, 1863. Legislature composed of 25 Senators, 65 Representatives. Meets biennially, Jan. 9, 1895. State elections, biennially, second Tuesday in Oct., 1896. SENATOR CHARLES F. FAULKNER (DEM.) term expires Mar. 3, 1899. SENATOR JOHNSON N. CAMDEN (DEM.) term expires Mar. 3, 1895. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. 1st. Population, 177,840. Vote 1892: Dem., 19,314; Rep., 19,108. 2nd. Population, 187,305. Vote 1892: Dem., 21,807; Rep., 20,750. 3rd. Population, 202,289. Vote 1892: Dem., 22,690; Rep., 20,750. 4th. Population, 195,360. Vote 1892: Dem., 22,066; Rep., 19,924. If the Constitution does forbid such legislation, then, Sirs, the time has come to make a new one. -Hon. Thad. M. Mahon, Pennsylvania. WISCONSIN. Area, 53,924 square miles. Application made to Congress for an enabling act, March 20, 1845-enabling act approved August 6, 1846-first State constitution formed, December 16, 1846-Act of Congress providing for admission, when constitution is approved by the people, approved March 3, 1847-Constitution rejected; amended February 1, 1848; ratified March 6, 1848-by Act of Congress admitted as a State, May 29, 1848. Legislature composed of 33 Senators, 100 Representatives. Meets biennially, Jan. 9, 1895. State elections, biennially, Tuesday after first Monday in Nov., 1894. SENATOR WM. F. VILAS, (DEM.) term expires Mar. 3, 1897. SENATOR JOHN L. MITCHELL, (DEM.) term expires Mar. 3, 1899. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. 1st. Population, 163,900. Vote 1892: Dem., 16,449; Rep., 20,232. 2nd. Population, 166,342. Vote 1892: Dem., 21,303; Rep., 15,003. 3rd. Population, 173,572. Vote 1892: Dem., 16,419; Rep., 19,506. 4th. Population, 181,000. Vote 1892: Dem., 13,567; Rep., 12,125. 5th. Population, 167,000. Vote 1892: Dem., 17,829; Rep., 15,960. 6th. Population, 187,001. Vote 1892: Dem., 20,212; Rep., 17,847. 7th. Population, 150,331. Vote 1892: Dem., 13,071; Rep., 15,344. 8th. Population, 179,408. Vote 1892: Dem., 18,194; Rep., 15,167. 9th. Population, 164,777. Vote 1892: Dem., 19,597; Rep., 16,294. 10th. Population, 179,845. Vote 1892: Dem., 13,004; Rep., 17,674. WOOL. CENTER OF LINE OF BATTLE. It has been assumed that the woolen manufacturers of the East and the Republican protectionists of the East are now or have been at some time in favor of free wool. We wish to make as strong and as absolute a denial of that statement with all of its implications as it is possible for us to make. There is not a woolen manufacturer in this country in favor of free wool who is a Republican or a protectionist. They recognize in common with all other protectionists that this policy is a national one; that if it is applicable to the manufacturers of wool, it is also applicable to the producers of wool; that if it is a good rule to apply to the manufacturer it is an equally good rule to apply to the farmer, to the agriculturist. They understand perfectly that while wool is their raw material, it is the farmer's finished product, into which there has entered as large a percentage of labor cost as in the manufactured goods. This attack is made on the wool-growing industry, not avowedly for the purpose of destroying wool-growing in this country, but to destroy the protective policy in the United States. Democrats believe that the producers of wool, the agriculturists of the West, if this duty shall be removed, will cease to be protectionists and cease to vote the Republican |