"reigned thirteen sari. In his time a semidæmon "called Annedotus, in appearanee very like to "Oannes, shewed himself a second time from "the sea. After him Amenon reigned twelve "sari, who was of the city Pantibiblon. Then Megalanus, of the same place, eighteen sari. "Then Daus, the shepherd, governed for the ་་ space of ten sari; he was of Pantibiblon. In "his time four double-shaped personages came "out of the sea to land, whose names were

Euedocus, Eneugamus, Enaboulus, and Ane"mentus. After Daus succeeded Anodaphus, the "son of Aedoreschus. There were afterwards "other kings; and last of all Sisuthrus: so that, "in the whole, the number of kings amounted to ten, and the term of their reigns to an hundred "and twenty sari." This last was the person who was warned to provide against the deluge. He accordingly built a vessel, by which means he was preserved. The history of this great event, together with the account of birds sent out by Sisouthros, in order to know if the waters were quite abated, and of their returning with their feet soiled with mud, and of the ark's finally

"It is in the original Pansibiblon: but the true name was Pantibiblon; as may be seen by comparing this account with that of Apollodorus, which succeeds; and with the same in Syncellus.

resting in Armenia, is circumstantially related by * Abydenus, but borrowed from Berosus.

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46

A similar account of the first kings of Babylonia is given by Apollodorus, and is taken from the same author, who begins thus: "This is the history which Berosus has transmitted to us. "He tells us that Alorus of Babylon was the first king that reigned, who was by nation a Chal"dean. He reigned ten sari: and after him Alaparus, and then Amelon, who came from "Pantibiblon. To him succeeded Amenon of Chaldea, in whose time they say that the. "Musarus Oannes, the Annedotus, made his appearance from the Eruthrean sea." 5 So we are told by Alexander (Polyhistor), who first took this history in hand; and mentions, that this personage shewed himself in the first year; but Apollodorus says that it was after forty sari.

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6

* Syncellus. p. 38. He styles him Abydenus; but by Eusebias the name is expressed Abidenus.

'Eusebii Chronicon. p. 5.

So we are told. These are the words of Eusebius; so that there is no regular translation.

Пgoλar, who forestalls the event, and makes the appearance of this personage to have been in the first year.

The account of Oannes is in Alexander Polyhistor, as taken from the first book of Berosus; but not a word is there of his ap pearing in the reign of Amenon.

From what fixed term do they reckon? to what year do they refer? and whose are these reflexions ?

1

Abydenus, differing from both, makes the second Annedotus appear after twenty-six sari. "After "this last king Megalarus succeeded, of the city

Pantibiblon, and reigned eighteen sari: then "Daon, the shepherd, of the same city, ten sari. "In his time it is said that Annedotus appeared "again from the Eruthrean sea, in the same "form as those who had shewed themselves before, having the shape of a fish blended with "that of a man. Then reigned Aedorachus of Pantibiblon, for the term of eighteen sari. In "his days there appeared another personage from "the sea Eruthra, like those above, having the same complicated form between a fish and a

man; his name was Odacon." All these personages, according to Apollodorus, related very particularly and circumstantially whatever Oannes had informed them. Concerning these Abyde nus has made no mention. "After the kings "above succeeded Amempsinus, a Chaldean, "from the city Larach, and reigned eighteen "sari. In his time was the great deluge." According to the sum of years above, the total of all the reigns was an hundred and twenty sari.

There seems to be some omission in the transcript given by Eusebius from Apollodorus, which is supplied by Syncellus. He mentions "Amempsinus as eighth king in order, who "reigned ten sari. After him comes Otiartes,

8

of Laranchæ in Chaldea, to whom he allows eight sari. His son was Xisuthros, who reigned eighteen sari; and in whose time was "the well-known deluge. So that the sum of all "the kings is ten; and of the term, which they "collectively reigned, an hundred and twenty "sari."

Both these writers are supposed to copy from Berosus, yet there appears a manifest difference between them; and this not in respect to numbers only, which are easily corrupted, but in regard to events and disposition of circumstances. Of this strange variation in two short fragments I shall hereafter take further notice.

9

I come now to the chief extract from Berosus'; as it has been transmitted to us by Eusebius, who copied it from Alexander Polyhistor. It is likewise to be found in 1 Syncellus. It begins in

this wise.

10

"Berosus, in his first book concerning the "history of Babylonia, informs us that he lived "in the time of Alexander the son of Philip. "And he mentions that there were written ac

'Laracha, the Larachon of Eusebius.

* The name is expressed Xisuthrus, Sisusthrus, and Sithithrus. 9 Eusebii Chronicon. p. 5.

Syncelli Chronograph. p. 23.

care, comprehending a term of fifteen myriads " of years. These writings contained a history of "the heavens and the sea; of the birth of man"kind; also of those who had sovereign rule; "and of the actions achieved by them. And in "the first place he describes Babylonia as a country which lay been the Tigris and Euphrates. He mentions that it abounded "with" wheat, barley, ocrus, sesamum; and in "the lakes were found the roots called gonga, "which were good to be eaten, and were in

respect to nutriment like barley. There were "also palm trees and apples, and most kinds "of fruits; fish too and birds; both those "which are merely of flight, and those which "take to the element of water. The part of Babylonia, which bordered upon Arabia, was "barren, and without water; but that which lay on the other side, had hills and was " fruitful. "At Babylon there was in these times a great "resort of people of various nations, who in"habited Chaldea, and lived without rule and

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"It is necessary to observe the arrangement of this history of Berosus; as much depends upon the disposition of these articles. 12 Iluges argies, wild wheat.

13 Euseb. apoga: Syncell. supopa.

*I add, in these times, for he means the first ages.