satisfy real and justifiable desires. (See, e. g., Documents of the Prague European Radio Conference, page 132, declaration by the Austrian Delegation.) The Austrian Delegation considers that the C. C. I. Radio should, apart from all other possibilities of improving the use of the spectrum, consider also the above possibility and use its influence that the question as to the practical carrying out of such transmissions with frequency-bands partly suppressed may be cleared up as quickly as possible, and that the possibilities which there may be of reducing one or two frequency-bands may be realized as soon and in as great a measure as possible. In conformity with these explanations, the Austrian Delegation asks the C. C. I. Radio: 1. To consider the question "Technical possibilities of radiotransmission with frequency-bands partly suppressed" (one sideband, one side-band and the carrier wave) for different types of waves and of services, and proposes that the C. C. I. Radio should by appropriate measures arrange for this question to be cleared up and should insure that the possibilities of reducing the frequencybands required by a transmitter should be applied as soon and in as great a measure as possible. 2. In accordance with the above proposal, it is suggested: (a) To appoint a certain number of reporters, if the inquiry can not be finished during the present meeting, to inquire into the matter until the next meeting. (b) To draw up, if need be, a recommendation to the effect that all the administrations concerned, factories and industrial and scientific organizations should examine the question "Reduction of the frequency-band required by a radio-transmitting station by means of suppressing one side-band or one sideband and the carrier wave, so that this question may be cleared up as soon as possible." It might be added to this recommendation that the question should be studied and settled first as regards transmissions which require a wide frequency-band (speech, music, pictures, multiplex, etc.). 79 AUSTRIAN PROPOSAL CONCERNING TOPIC 13 OF THE PROGRAM ALLOCATION OF WAVES TO THE CRIMINAL POLICE Committee No. 2 of the European Radio Conference at Prague noted, in regard to Proposal No. 4, that the police is entitled to use, for its international service, the short waves which have been notified through the Austrian Administration, subject to later consideration by the C. C. I. Radio. The Prague European Conference, therefore, in the minutes of the closing meeting, expressed the desire that the question as to the allotment of short waves to the criminal police should be considered by the C. C. I. Radio at its next meeting at The Hague. In conformity with this wish, the Netherland Administration placed this question on the program of the first session of the C. C. I. Radio as Topic 13. Without prejudging the intentions of the representatives of the criminal police, it may be noted that— At its session in February, 1929, the International Criminal Police Commission stated 1. That it is not at present possible to carry out the International Criminal Police Service on two waves between 37.5 and 100 kc/s, as is laid down in Article 5, Paragraph 15, of the General Regulations annexed to the Washington International Radio Convention; 2. That at least three short waves are necessary for a reciprocal international radiotelegraph service. The International Criminal Police Committee (C. I. P. C.), sitting at the police headquarters at Vienna, asked the Austrian Administration for assistance as regards the three short waves referred to. The Austrian Administration, approving the reasons given by the C. I. P. C., proposes that, within the framework of the Washington provisions, the following solution should be adopted: The Austrian Postal Administration will, at the request of the C. I. P. C., notify the International Bureau of the Telegraph Union of three short waves and will allot them provisionally to Austrian police stations for international service. If, under Paragraphs 16 and 17 of Article 5 of the General Regulations, no objection is made to the above notification, the Austrian Administration, for its part, would see no objection to other administrations allotting these same waves exclusively to the radiotelegraph service of the international criminal police. At the request of the C. I. P. C., the Austrian Administration therefore, on March 12, 1929, caused the following waves to be notified: 6,792 kc/s (44.18 m) 4,165 kc/s (72.1 m) By letter No. 9546/29 of March 25, 1929, the Administration also informed the postal administrations of all European and neighboring countries of this new allocation of waves. As no objection was made and no provision of the Washington Convention or rules limits the use of these, the Austrian Administration thinks that it is entitled to ask the protection for these waves 118275-30-21 which the Washington Convention grants, and that it may use them, according to the general rules, for criminal police purposes. As regards wave-length 6,792 kc/s, which is in a band generally reserved, by a note in the table of distribution of frequencies (see Article 5, Paragraph 7, of General Regulations) for long-distance communications, it must be observed 1. That the note in question is merely a recommendation. 2. That it would probably be possible to allot this wave as a rule to long-distance communication. By adopting this system, the Austrian Administration has been able during 1929 to establish an international criminal police radiotelegraph service which, according to the statement of the C. I. P. C., is of the greatest importance. It would evidently be preferable that in the future an international service should be arranged, not on the basis of the services of one single postal administration, however excellent these may be, but by an allotment of waves determined by special international arrangement. The C. I. P. C. considers that in the absence for the moment of any arrangement on the subject, the present provisional system amply fulfills its needs. In view of the foregoing, the Austrian Delegation proposes to the C. C. I. Radio that, if it does not seem possible to place short waves at the disposal of the international criminal police, the consideration of a final settlement of the question should be entrusted to the Conference at Madrid. 80 JAPANESE PROPOSAL CONCERNING TOPIC 2 OF THE PROGRAM POWER OF A TRANSMITTER The power of a transmitting-station may be expressed in the following terms: 1. Radiated power. 2. Power of the antenna. 3. Power at the output of the transmitter. 4. Power at the input of the transmitter. The object of defining the power of a transmitter or transmitting station is: 1. To obtain a single international unit measured on the same basis, because at present the power of transmitters is expressed in different manners, and this may give rise to misunderstandings and disagreement. 2. To indicate the capacity of transmission or the normal range of a transmitting-station. 3. To indicate the radiation, which may be examined, if such station should cause interference to other stations. In order to fulfil all the above requirements, the radiated power is the best of all these definitions; after that comes the power of the antenna. The definitions of these two expressions are: 1. Radiated power is the power radiated by a system of transmitter antenna, expressed as follows: (Antenna current)2X radiation resistance of the antenna. 2. The power of the antenna is the power absorbed by the antenna and expressed as follows: (Antenna current) 2 X resistance of the antenna. The antenna current may be measured with a high degree of accuracy. The resistance of radiation may be found by measuring the effective height of the antenna or by calculating it from the measurements of the antenna, although there are difficulties and complications in regard to the measurements and calculations. The resistance of the antenna is measured more easily and more accurately than the resistance of radiation. For this reason it is recommended that in the first place the radiated power should be indicated as power of a transmitter, and secondly, the power of the antenna. The power of the radiotelephone transmitter would be expressed by the non-modulated power. 81 JAPANESE PROPOSAL CONCERNING TOPIC 3 OF THE PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION OF WAVES Taking into consideration (1) the present use of these words; (2) the allotment of frequencies as provided by Article 5 of the Washington 1927 General Regulations; and (3) the propagation qualities of radio waves; the following classification is recommended: Very high waves (ultra-short waves) above 30,000 kc/s (below 10 meters); High waves (short waves) 30,000 to 2,000 ks/s (10 to 150 meters); Average waves (average waves) 2,000 to 100 kc/s (150 to 3,000 meters); Low waves (long waves) 100 to 10 kc/s (3,000 to 30,000 meters). This classification is our reply to the question, but we see no objections to subdividing into more bands, if it be considered desirable. 82 JAPANESE PROPOSAL CONCERNING TOPIC 4 OF THE PROGRAM RADIATION POWER OF A TRANSMITTER The meter-ampere is far from expressing the effective radiation of a transmitter, if its frequency is not indicated at the same time. The effective radiations of the same meter-amperes, but of different frequencies, are not the same. Further, this term is not applicable to the short-wave transmitter, because the short-wave antenna is quite different from the long-wave. These considerations lead us to propose a new unit, to be called "the unit of radiation" (abbreviation: Ru) for measuring radiation. The unit "Ru" is defined by the radiation of a "doublet" in straight wire of the length of half a wave with an ampere of current in the antinode, distributed sinusoidally all along the wire. To calculate the radiation of a transmitter in "Ru," the intensity of the field produced by this transmitter at distance d, measured in the direction of communication, will be divided by the intensity of the field coming from the "doublet" of one unit at the same distance, thus: "Ru" of the transmitter= intensity of field coming from transmitter intensity of field coming from "doublet" of one unit at the same distance Example 1 To obtain "Ru" in a long wave transmitter with Ih meteramperes: If E be the intensity of the field along the earth at distance d, the earth being considered as a perfect conductor; A=wave length and if e intensity of the field at distance d in the perpendicular plane, passing by the antinode of the current of the "doublet" of one unit Ru— |