be sufficiently away from the ends of the boats to ensure their being easily swung clear of the davits; the boats' chocks are to be such as can be expeditiously removed; the davits, falls, blocks, eye-bolts, rings, and the whole of the tackling are to be of sufficient strength; the boat's falls are to be long enough to lower the boat into the water with safety when the vessel is light. The life-lines shall be fitted to the davits and be long enough to reach the water when the vessel is light; and hooks are not to be attached to the lower tackle blocks.

(5) EQUIPMENTS FOR COLLAPSIBLE OR OTHER BOATS AND FOR LIFERAFTS.-In order to be properly equipped each boat shall be provided as follows:

(a) With the full single-banked complement of oars, and two spare oars. (b) With two plugs for each plug-hole, attached with lanyards or chains, and one set and a half of thole pins or crutches, attached to the boat by sound lanyards.

(c) With a sea anchor, a baler, a rudder and tiller, or yoke and yoke lines, a painter of sufficient length, and a boat-hook. The rudder and baler to be attached to the boat by sufficiently long lanyards, and kept ready for use. In boats where there may be a difficulty in fitting a rudder a steering oar may be provided instead.

(d) A vessel to be kept filled with fresh water shall be provided for each boat.

(e) Life-rafts shall be fully provided with a suitable approved equip

ment.

(6) ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENTS FOR BOATS OF SECTION (A) AND SECTION (B). In order to be properly equipped, each boat of Sections (A) and (B), in addition to being provided with all the requisites laid down in Rule (5), shall be equipped as follows, but not more than four boats in any one ship require to have this outfit:

(a) With two hatchets or tomahawks, one to be kept in each end of the boat, and to be attached to the boat by a lanyard.

(b) With a mast or masts, and with at least one good sail, and proper gear

for each.

(c) With a line becketed round the outside of the boat and securely made

fast.

(d) With an efficient compass.

(e) With one gallon of vegetable or animal oil, and a vessel of an approved pattern for distributing it in the water in rough weather.

(f) With a lantern trimmed, with oil in its receiver sufficient to burn eight hours.

(7) NUMBER OF PERSONS FOR LIFE-RAFTS.-The number of persons that any approved life-raft for use at sea shall be deemed to be capable of carrying, shall be determined with reference to each separate pattern approved by the Board of Trade; provided always, that for every person so carried there shall be at least three cubic feet of strong and serviceable inclosed air-tight compartments, constructed so that water cannot find its way into them. Any approved life-raft of other construction may be used, provided that it has equivalent buoyancy to that hereinbefore described. Every such approved life-raft shall be marked in such a way as to plainly indicate the number of adult persons it can carry.

(8) BUOYANT APPARATUS.-Approved buoyant apparatus shall be deemed sufficient, so far as buoyancy is concerned, for a number of persons, to be ascertained by dividing the number of pounds of iron which it is capable of supporting in fresh water by 32. Such buoyant apparatus shall not be re

quired to be inflated before use, shall be of approved construction, and marked in such a way as to plainly indicate the number of persons for whom it is sufficient.

(9) LIFE-BELTS.-An approved life-belt shall mean a belt which does not require to be inflated before use, and which is capable at least of floating in the water for 24 hours with 15 lbs. of iron suspended from it. Life-belts are to be cut out 2 inches under the armpits and fitted so as to remain securely in their place when put on.

(10) LIFE-BUOYS.-An approved life-buoy shall mean either—

(a) A life-buoy built of solid cork, capable of floating in the water for at least 24 hours with 32 lbs. of iron suspended from it; or

(b) A strong life-buoy of any other approved pattern and material, provided that it is capable of floating in the water for at least 24 hours with 32 lbs. of iron suspended from it, and provided also that it is not stuffed with rushes, cork shavings, or other shavings, or loose granulated cork, or other loose material, and does not require inflation before use.

All life-buoys shall be fitted with beckets securely seized, and not less than two of them shall be fitted with life-lines 15 fathoms in length.

(11) POSITION OF LIFE-BUOYS AND LIFE-BELTS. --All life-buoys and lifebelts shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to all persons on board, and so that their position may be known to those for whom they are intended. (12) WATER-TIGHT COMPARTMENTS.-When ships of any class are divided into efficient water-tight compartments to the satisfaction of the Board of Trade, they shall only be required to carry additional boats, rafts, and other life-saving appliances of one-half of the capacity required by these Rules.

No. 4 (see § 112).

LOAD-LINE REGULATIONS.

L.L. 13.

REGULATIONS made by the BOARD OF TRADE under "THE MERCHAN SHIPPING ACT, 1890” (53 Vict. c. 9).

REGULATIONS AS TO LOAD-LINE MARKS, CERTIFICATES, DRAUGHTS OF WATER, AND FREEBOARD.

1. The Regulations made by the Board of Trade under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1890, dated the 23rd day of August, 1890, shall be and are hereby repealed, and in lieu thereof the following regulations shall have and take effect.

2. The lines to be used in order to indicate the maximum load-line under different circumstances and at different seasons shall be nine inches in length and one inch in thickness, and the maximum load-line shall be the upper edge of each of such lines.

3. The said lines shall be horizontal lines marked on both sides of the ship, extending from and at right angles to a vertical line marked 21 inches forward of the centre of the disc. The maximum load-line in fresh water shall be marked abaft such vertical line, and the maximum load-lines in salt water shall be marked forward of such vertical line, as shown in the following diagrams.

The provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1876, shall have effect as if any such maximum load-line were drawn through the centre of the disc. 4. Such maximum load-lines shall be as follows, viz. :

and shall be distinguished by initial letters conspicuously marked opposite such horizontal lines as aforesaid, such initial letters being as follows:

F.W.-Fresh water.

I.S.-Indian summer.

S.-Summer.

W.-Winter.

W.N.A.-Winter, North Atlantic.

The upper edge of the horizontal line passing through the centre of the disc shall always indicate the summer freeboard in salt water.

5. Steamships shall be marked with such of the horizontal lines as aforesaid as are applicable to the nature of their employment, and sailing ships shall be marked with such of the above-mentioned lines, in addition to the summer loadline, as indicate the maximum load-line for fresh water and for North Atlantic winter; but sailing ships engaged solely in the coasting trade shall only be marked, in addition to the summer load-line, with the line indicating the maximum load-line in fresh water.

6. The said disc, and the lines or marks to be used in connection therewith, shall be painted white or yellow on a dark ground, or black on a light ground, and the position of the disc and of each of the lines shall in the case of iron and steel vessels be permanently marked by centre punch marks, and shall in the case of wooden vessels be sunk for their breadths into the planking a depth of not less than one quarter of an inch.

7. Application for a certificate of approval of the position of the disc or any alteration thereof shall be made by one of the registered owners of the ship or the builder of the ship. Every application shall be made in the form marked

L. L. 1 in the schedule hereto.

8. With respect to certificates of approval, and their duration, the following rules shall prevail :

(a) As regards iron and steel ships, whether classed or unclassed, and classed wooden ships, the certificate shall cease to have effect if and so soon as the class of the ship (if classed) is either changed or withdrawn, or if and so soon as any deterioration has taken place in the structural condition of the ship, whether classed or unclassed. Such certificate shall be in one of the forms L.L. 2 or L.L. 3 in the schedule hereto, as the case may be.

(b) As regards unclassed wooden ships which have been opened out for survey, the certificate shall be granted for a fixed time varying with the age and condition of the ship, at the expiration of which it shall cease to have effect. Such certificate shall be in the form L. L. 3A in the schedule hereto.

(c) As regards unclassed wooden ships which have not been opened out for survey, no limit of time shall be imposed in the certificate, which shall be in the form L. L. 3B in the schedule hereto.

9. Every certificate of approval shall be issued in duplicate; one part shall be delivered to the applicant, and the other part shall be forthwith sent to the Assistant Secretary, Marine Department, Board of Trade.

10. On a certificate of approval ceasing to have effect, application shall at once be made by the registered managing owner of the ship for the granting of a new certificate of approval, and the whole certificate shall be delivered up to the Board of Trade, who shall cancel the same.

11. The master of every British ship shall, before she leaves any dock, wharf, port, or harbour in the United Kingdom, her Majesty's Possessions, or in a foreign country, for the purpose of proceeding to sea, enter in the official log all the particulars stated in the certificate so issued as aforesaid if not previously entered.

12. The managing owner or master shall also forthwith, on the delivery to him or his agent of any such certificate as aforesaid, cause the same to be framed and put up in some conspicuous part of the ship so as to be visible to all persons on board the same, and shall cause it to be continued so put up so long as such certificate remains in force and such ship is in use.

13. For the purpose of these regulations the expression "amidships" shall mean the middle of the length of the load water line as measured from the fore side of the stem to the aft side of the stern post.

Dated this 24th day of October 1892.

SCHEDULE.

FORM L. L. 1.

APPLICATION for CERTIFICATE of APPROVAL of the position of a LOAD-LINE DISC under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Acts, 1876 and 1890. Application is hereby made to

for a certificate of approval of the position [or alteration of the position] of a load-line disc on the "

," Official

] [is

The vessel is [is not] intended to be employed in the Indian Ocean. The vessel is [is not] intended to be employed in the North Atlantic Trade. No previous application has been made either by the builder or the owner for a certificate of approval of the position [or alteration of the position] of a loadline disc on this vessel to this or any other authority appointed in accordance with section 2 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1890, [except in respect of a previous certificate dated which has expired (or ceased

CERTIFICATE of APPROVAL of the POSITION [Alteration of the Position] of the

on behalf of the Board of Trade the position [or alteration of the position] of the disc on the Steamship

66

," Official No.

the

Act, 1876.

, and hereby inches below

deck-line marked under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping

This certificate is to remain in force only so long as the vessel remains in her present class, if classed, and no deterioration has taken place in her present structural condition, whether classed or unclassed.