Islands, and to Europe; till in the latter part of his life he was prevented by infirmity from continuing his travels. His good master (who requires not impossibilities) favoured him with ease of mind, and the comforts of domestic peace at home, during this period of infirmity. -He was a man humble minded and exemplary; solid and grave in his deportment, well becoming a minister of Christ; zealous for preserving good order in the Church, and maintaining love and unity (that badge of true discipleship :) remarkably careful in his conversation, his words being few and savoury.' On the present occasion his companion and himself, arriving the 8th of the Ninth Month, were received with much affection by the governor; being made to rejoice together in the tender mercies and love of God, which were manifested that day; to the honour and praise of His name, and comfort of His people. The testimonies of these ministers were with life and power, and as clouds with rain upon a thirsty land.—John Estaugh contracted his illness (which proved after a few days to be fever) attending the funeral of his companion. The last two days he suffered much from pain, yet was preserved under it in patience and resignation, having his senses perfect; and departed with praises and thanksgivings on his lips, the 6th of the Tenth Month, in the 67th year of his age. (g)

(To be Continued.)

ART. IV. All of one religion! From a Correspondent. "Waiting in a crowded passage-boat off Bangor for the arrival of the Steamer from Caernarvon, I had the opportunity of listening to a discourse on the benefits of a Church-Establishment, from the mouth of the boatman. He was a rough son of Neptune who, with an eloquence doubtless heightened by good Welsh ale, was entertaining the company with an account of the excellent characters and dispositions of his countrymen, under their former regime as members of the National Church.

:

"When I was young (said he) we were all of one religion! We used then to go to Church together on a Sunday morning,—and after that, we went and had a good game at Fives, and parson kept the score! What could be more innocent than that? We were all innocent then there was no cursing and swearing, and quarrelling; but all went on quiet and comfortable! But since the dissenters got among us, one goes to chapel, and another to a meeting-house-there's nothing but praying and singing, and reading the Bible, on Sundays ; and cheating and lying, and a many other things as I could name, on Week-days!" "

What was that one
And that innocence

Here is matter for sober reflection, Reader! religion which this poor sailor is yet so fond of? for which he so forcibly pleads? And wherein stood that unity and agreement he so regrets the loss of, but in this, that the world loveth its own?? Ed.

(g) Gough iv. p. 445.

ART. I.—Remarks on Clarkson's Portraiture of Quakerism. Continued. Dress. "The men do not wear lace, frills, ruffles, swords, or any of the ornaments used by the fashionable world. The women wear no lace, flounces, lappets, rings, bracelets, necklaces, ear-rings; nor any thing belonging to this class." p. 258.

The parts in Italics require now to be somewhat qualified. It is true that diamond rings are yet not to be seen on the hands of our petit-maitres, but there peeps occasionally a brilliant of some kind from the midst of their breast-linen; which is, also, not always and altogether void of frill or lace. And, in many little things besides, our young men have admitted a share of the fashionable into their appearance.

Not any of the parts of dress here excepted against are yet to be found (my wife says) upon our young women, some approaches to the flounce and lappet system excepted. But how (it may be asked) as to colours? Truly there is little, now, for any of our fellow-citizens to be stumbled at, in this respect. A Yorkshire farmer or clothier is quite as likely to be found in drab, as one of our preachers:-and though it be still true that gay colours, such as red, blue, green and yellow are exploded' yet there is choice of the middle and lower tints; and there is no need for either sex to have recourse at once to the rainbow, to appear elegant in this respect. Some years ago, gay females seemed resolved to have on them all the primitive colours at once and about that time, also (the following season being occasionally interrupted by

VOL. IV.

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a public mourning) I remember a dyer's remark, that when young Friends wanted something dark' in his way, he was quite sure that any thing like a black, which was not black itself, would suit them. And I believe that both sexes are tolerated in an approach to mourning habits, to this day: probably, a more frequent association with the Clergy has given occasion to it in many-for we are prone to copy the dress, as well as the manners, of those with whom we converse. "Dressing in this manner (he continues) a member of the society is known by his apparel through the whole kingdom." Chiefly, now, I think by his want of a collar to the coat, if a man; and by the plain silk bonnet (of a make never seen on ladies') if a female. In all other respects, there is certainly dress enough among us: yet without any great departure, as yet, from the standard of simplicity in appearance becoming a Christian. And I ought in this respect most to commend our more wealthy members; who are content with clothing very near, in cut and quality both, to that of their men and maids. One would have expected, without some portion of real humility of dispo sition, that the mistresses at least would have made an escape from the crowd of a Quarterly Meeting, into the fashion. As to masters, we have these of all grades; and it would be idle for a man to take any thing on him, among us, because he chanced to employ several others. On the whole I have often thought, when mixing with my Fellowprofessors of the name of Christ on public occasions, that their habits were to the full as plain as our own (I mean on the side of the men); and with this comfortable reflection on the case that, probably, Friends had been in great measure by their constant example the instruments of the change. Thus has each party gained something from the

other.

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I am by no means sure that the Christian character is improved, or the practice of true Religion promoted, by a severity on this head of discipline, under which all ornament,' in either sex, should become censurable;' as the law is laid down for us by the author, p. 269. Yet I confess I like that ny family, and myself, should still be known for Quakers by some peculiarity in our appearance. And it is, I think, only justice to our Fellow-citizens to intimate to them in this way, at first meeting, that we have to bespeak their indulgence in some other things. The address in the plain language, and without much of ceremony, is better accepted if it came not so suddenly upon a stranger as to startle him. Otherwise, the Methodists (such of them as retain their integrity) are quite as plain, now, as ourselves; and their manners, only in some points of address and language less consistent than

our own.

It will be seen that the following passage is antiquated at last, along with the things it treats of. The men's hats are nearly the same now, except that they have stays and loops, and many of their clothes are nearly of the same shape and colour, as in the days of Geo. Fox. The dress of the women, also, is nearly similar. The black hoods have indeed gone in a certain degree out of use: but many of such

women as are ministers and elders, and indeed many others of age and gravity of manners, retain them. The green apron, also, has been nearly, if not wholly, laid aside. There was, here and there, an ancient woman who used it within the last ten years; but I am told the last of these died lately. (a)-Upon the whole, if the females were still to retain the use of the black hood and the green apron, and the men were to discard the stays and loops for their hats, we should find that persons of both sexes in the Society, but particularly such as are antiquated, or as may be deemed old-fashioned in it, would approach very near to the first or primitive members in their appearance; both as to the sort, and to the shape, and to the colour, of their clothes. Thus has George Fox, by means of the advice he gave upon this subject, and the general discipline which he introduced into the Society, kept up for a hundred and fifty years, against the powerful attacks of the varying fashions of the world, one steady and uniform external appearance among his descendants; an event, which neither the Clergy by means of their sermons, nor other writers, whether grave or gay, were able to accomplish during the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries; and which none of their successors have been able to accomplish from that time to the present.'

With respect to that particular covering, the triangular hat with loops and stays, (belonging properly to the Clerical order, and with which we find King William also represented in the battle of the Boyne) it was found, I believe, upon the earlier citizens of the society, and was never a part of George Fox's dress. I remember to have had it put by constraint on myself, in my youth—and to have heard, in my adult age, the word 'Jesuite' quietly pass from one Frenchman to another as I passed them wearing it on Southampton pier: probably the rest my appearance deceived them, by its likeness to that of a secular Ecclesiastic among themselves! It is now so far abolished by common consent among us, that I remember to have sincerely pitied the last little boy whom I saw led into Yearly Meeting with it on; wonder

of

(a) These points of dress, for grave and influential characters among us, were not only traditional but insisted on, down to the middle of last Century; as the following passage of a letter found among the papers of a deceased relative will shew. I desire you will deliver the inclosed [the address is to a couple of Friends] to Wm. and Jno. B- and take of them six guineas: five of which please to accept as a token of my love; the other guinea give to Margaret Hartley to buy her a long hood and a green apron, that when she visits London with M. S- she may appear more like a Friend [the word was quaker' but it has been crossed over, and Friend written above it] than she did at York; and desire she would accept the guinea as a small token from me.' P. E. 2nd First

Mo. 1748-9."

In another Letter of the same Friend, date 1745, I find a commission to make search into the truth of a young man's wearing fine broadcloth scarlet waistcoats laced with silver, and also fine [or frilled and ruffled] shirts.' Here was something of the mode' and for which antiquity would be pleaded in vain. I believe when the pattern of dress was most precise among us, the deviations were the most in the extreme of gaiety.

ing where or how he would find company, to keep him in countenance as he grew up: but I believe the parent, after a while, saw fit to withdraw this mark of Pharisaism from his child.

I believe the care of Friends, with regard to dress will be better exercised in the endeavour to implant Christian principles in the minds of the youth, and to bring them to the test of their better judgment, (where a tendency is discovered to indulgence in such vanities) than, by enforcing a mere outward conformity to traditional appearances, lose first their best affections and ultimately their attachment as members of the society. I have already treated the subject in different parts of this work: See Vol. ii. p. 69, and iii. p. 286.

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Furniture. They are found in the use of plain and frugal furniture in their houses.' p. 289. Generally so, in the country at least: but the spirit of the world in the form of the upholsterer has got hold of some, in the city and in the larger towns; and the young and middle aged are not now found' examples of moderation in this respect, in the same degree as in generations past. There is a feeling of independence of mind on these subjects, which is worthy the Christian, and which it is very desirable we should not lose; which dares to consult circumstances and convenience, in the choice or keeping of these accommodations, in preference to what the interested suggestions of a fashion-monger may propose or urge.

The list of prints to be found framed and glazed in our parlours might now be much enlarged, beyond the two or three so gravely trifled with by our author. And even portraits in oil are no longer proscribed. In no society (as he justly observes, p. 297) is it possible to establish [human] maxims which shall influence an universal practice and the whole lecture, read in the name of the Society, against an exhibition of the fleshly images of such poor and helpless creatures' as our friends and relations must needs appear to us when we have lost them, now falls to the ground.

I may as well embrace this opportunity to recommend to my younger Friends, who can afford it, the keeping of a good Portfolio, in which every print shall bear a relation to some point in History, some event Natural or Civil; or suggest some interesting enquiry or remark. is very pleasant and improving to shew such a collection to a company of young people, and hear what they have to say; and take occasion from it to inform or advise them.

Language. It is said of George Fox, p. 299. The first alteration [of language] which he adopted was in the use of the pronoun Thou. I rather think his thou' was vernacular; and the real alteration was the shunning (if he had ever fallen into it) the abuse of You' to one person. He says of himself, Journal, p. 22, ' I was required to thee and thou all men and women, without any respect of rich or poor, great or small.' He was then only beginning to have intercourse with the great, and with strangers: he says, it was when the Lord sent him into the world (to-wit among his fellow-citizens at large) that he received this command in the spirit: he referred it to the highest