THE NAVAL CONSTRUCTOR: A VADE MECUM OF SHIP DESIGN FOR STUDENTS, NAVAL ARCHITECTS, SHIPBUILDERS AND OWNERS, MARINE SUPERINTENDENTS, ENGI NEERS AND DRAUGHTSMEN. BY GEORGE SIMPSON, MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS, KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER, & CO., LTD., BROADWAY HOUSE, 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C. COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY. COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY. Stanhope Press F. H. GILSON COMPANY BOSTON, U.S. A. THIS HANDBOOK has been prepared with the object of supplying a ready reference for those engaged in the design, construction, or maintenance of ships, — such a work as should give simply and concisely, information on most of the points usually dealt with in the theory and practice of marine architecture, and in addition much that is new and original. Under the latter heading should be included the chapter on Design and many of the tables of standardized fitting details, etc. The Freeboard tables have been explained and their application simplified by working out examples embracing the various types to which freeboards are assigned, including the modern shelter decker, for which rules have recently been issued. While it would have been possible to enlarge greatly on what the author has attempted, it has been deemed prudent at present to restrict somewhat the scope of the book, although at that, it will be found much more comprehensive in its character than existing works on naval architecture. It has been the author's aim to eliminate all obsolete matter and antiquated data, and to bring the book right in line with present day requirements. How nearly he has come to this ideal will be shown by the reception accorded by the profession. His thanks are especially due to Ernest H. Rigg, A. M. I. N. A., for valuable assistance in the preparation of the chapter on Freeboard, to Jas. A. Thomson, M. I. N. A., for aid in the reading of proofs, and to the publishers for their hearty co-operation. GEORGE SIMPSON. 647 RICHMOND TERRACE, MARINER HARBOR, NEW YORK CITY, MAY, 1904. iii PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. THE preceding editions of this handbook were received so favorably that it was decided to enlarge the third. edition by the addition of further "unified" details such as made the earlier editions noteworthy. There has also been included much new matter dealing with ventilation and other subjects, while other portions of the book have been revised and brought up-to-date. It is hoped that in its enlarged form "The Naval Constructor" will continue to occupy its present position. as a daily book of reference for those engaged in the design, construction and maintenance of ships. GEORGE SIMPSON. 17 Battery Place, NEW YORK CITY, 1ST MAY, 1914. CONTENTS. Symbols Section I.—Ship Calculations. - Algebraical Signs - Displacement - Simpson's First Rule-Multipliers for Subdivided Intervals. - Proof of Simpson's Rule-Displacement Sections- Bottom Half-breadth - Displacement Table Area of Water Plane-Tons per Inch Immersion-Coefficient - Immersion Passing from Salt to Fresh Water Area of Midship Section - Coefficient ẞ- Prismatic Coefficient-Centre of Buoyancy — Approximate Rule for Centre of Buoyancy - Centre of Buoyancy Longitudinally - Transverse Metacentre -B. M. - - Moment of Inertia of Water Plane Longitudinal Metacentre - Centre of Flotation Approximate Rule for L.B.M.. - Moment to Change Trim - Change of Trim Moment to Alter Trim One Inch - Approximate Rule for M. Alteration in Trim through shipping a small weight - Tchibyscheff's Sections for "Lucania" Displacement Sheet by Tchibyscheff's Rule-Centre of Buoyancy by Tchibyscheff's RuleL.M.C. and Centre of Flotation by Tchibyscheff's Rule-Transverse Metacentres by Tchibyscheff's Rule-Effect of Form of Water Line on Position of Longitudinal Metacentre-Effect of Form of Water Line on Position of Transverse Metacentres - Explanation of Tables on Position of Metacentres - Stability Calculation by Tchibyscheff's Rule - Tchibyscheff's Sections for Stability Levers-Calculation of G.Z. by Tchibyscheff's RuleCross Curves of Stability-Stability Curves - Design- Block Coefficient Relation Coefficient — - Mid Area Coefficient 8Prismatic Coefficient Area of L.W.L. Coefficient a- - Inertia Coefficient "i"-Centre of Gravity Coefficient "g"- Bilge Diagonal Coefficient - Element Coefficient Relation of the Coefficients to one another-Element Coefficients for various Types Coefficients for Centre of Gravity Moment of Inertia of Waterline Coefficient- Sheer Contour of Stern - Figureheads and Lacing Pieces - Rail Half-breadths-Load Line Half-breadths - Diagram of Bilge Diagonals - Diagram of L.W.L. Half-breadths -Body Plan of "Oceanic"-Designing the Bossing - Fairing the Bossing-Fairing the Oxter - Elements of Marine Engines Engine Room Lengths-The Preparation of Specifications Specification Headings-Freeboard — Length — Breadth — |