vessels of deep draught, the water being 8 fathoms and more, at low water, half a mile from the beach. A shoal bank extends 2 to 3 cables from the shore around the bay. There is a stream of fresh water in the S.E. corner of the bay. See British Columbia Pilot and Supplement and Admiralty Charts, Nos. 2,840 (1,988) and 333.

Lights. Back light on Yellow island near eastern extremity of island, latitude N. 49 28 16, longitude W. 124 42 10, white fixed, front light 290 feet, 278°, from back, white fixed; fog alarm on the eastern extremity of Yellow island; one light on Denman island on reef west side of island, 1 1-5 miles southward of Village point, latitude N. 49 32 15, longitude W. 124 49 12, white fixed with 2 red sectors; one on western extreme of Goose Spit, Port Augusta, latitude N. 49 39 40, longitude W. 124 54 58, white occulting, with red sector; one gas and bell buoy in 8 fathoms eastern entrance to crossing over Kelp bar, latitude N. 49 39 31, longitude W. 124 51 5, white occulting. See List of Lights on the Pacific Coast, 1913.

Pilotage is under the control of Nanaimo Pilotage, and the rates for the time being in force in this district, including the amounts and description of all charges made in the respect of pilotage, are:

Regular pilotage rates are one cent per registered ton, and one dollar ($1) per foot draught.

Tow boats, fishing boats and small trading vessels are charged a flat rate of from ten dollars ($10) to twenty dollars (20), according to size.

Barges carrying two thousand tons and over are charged twenty dollars ($20); under two thousand tons and over one thousand (1,000) tons, fifteen dollars ($15); under one thousand (1,000)tons, ten dollars ($10).

Port Charges are harbour master's dues, payable twice a year, and sick mariners' dues, collected three times a year, if not paid elsewhere.

The tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1911-12 was 1,009,985 tons.

VANCOUVER HARBOUR, British Columbia, is on the easterly side of the strait of Georgia, north of the 49th parallel, a few miles north-east of the mouth of Fraser river. The harbour limits are from Atkinson point on the north to Grey point on the south and continue easterly through Burrard inlet from the First narrows to Port Moody at the head of the inlet.

English bay, at the entrance to the harbour is more than 3 miles in breadth between Atkinson and Grey points which bear from each other N.N.W. and S.S.E., and has the same breadth for nearly its entire length, or almost 4 miles. The depth of water in the bay is from 60 fathoms, at its entrance, to 5 and 6 fathoms near the shore of Stanley park, which is the western coast line of Vancouver city. In the bay is good anchorage in 6 fathoms, stiff mud bottom, at about 11⁄2 a mile from the south shore of the bay, with west extreme of Prospect point, bearing N. by E. 1⁄2 E. and lighthouse on Atkinson point, W. by N. 34 N. This anchorage is well protected from westerly winds by Spanish bank. The bay is easy of access to vessels of any size or class, and convenient depth of water for anchorage is found in almost every part of it.

The First narrows is between Prospect bluff, on the south side of the narrows, and the mouth of Capilano creek on the north. The breadth of the channel is

about one cable and depth of water from 6 to 12 fathoms. A flat composed of shingle and boulder stones, covering with the early flood, extends from one to three cables off the north shore, so that Prospect point must be kept close aboard, rather less than one cable. The entrance to the First narrows is not easily made out by strangers until close in. Pilots are, however, easily picked up before entering the narrows.

Continuing through the First narrows, after passing the narrow part of the channel, 1⁄2 a mile in length, it opens out from 2 cables to 1⁄2 a mile in width abreast of Brockton point on the south side of these narrows. The harbour increases in width after passing Brockton point and is well sheltered from all winds. Off Brockton point to the north-westward of it, was Parthia shoal, within the 5 fathom line; the shoal has been dredged, giving at present a depth of 26 feet; also off Brockton point, to the south-east, lies Burnaby shoal with from 11⁄2 to 3 fathoms of water. The depth rapidly increases in all around that small shoal, and any depth of water from 9 to 30 fathoms is found after passing the shoal.

The harbour continues beyond the city wharves to the Second narrows, where the water is from 9 to 10 fathoms in the channel, after passing which the harbour again enlarges in width and the depth of water increases. There is another narrow channel at the entrance to Port Moody with a depth of water of from 9 to 11 fathoms. The north arm of the inlet also contains very deep water, and affords good anchorage. Soundings are at low water.

Tides at Vancouver rise 13 feet springs and 11 feet neaps. The strength of the tidal streams at the narrowest part of the channel at the First narrows is from 4 to 8 knots; eddies form in the First narrows when tidal streams are running with any strength; it is necessary, therefore, to exercise caution, especially for heavy draught vessels when going through.

See British Columbia Pilot, also tide tables issued by the Marine Department at Ottawa and chart No. 992 (1910), containing latest correction.

The wharves in Vancouver harbour along the city front are: the Canadian Pacific Railway main wharf, having 2,800 feet berthing accommodation and 270,100 square feet area. For a distance of 1,160 feet the depth of water is 27 feet at low tide and 40 at high tide; for a distance of 1,640 feet the depth of water is 23 at low tide and 36 feet at high tide. The company owns five freight sheds, with an area of 136,510 square feet. They have also a transfer slip, at present handling barges of 12 cars capacity each. The business can be increased by employing more barges.

The means of loading and unloading employed are generally by ship tackle and trucking, and one derrick of 30 tons capacity, for loading direct from cars to ships. Railway tracks are adjacent to all sheds.

The Canadian Pacific new wharf with 1,500 lineal feet of berthing, 126,000 square feet of area and shed of 33,000 square feet. The depth of water alongside the wharf is 30 feet of water at low tide and 40 feet at high tide. Wharves running parallel to this wharf are under construction.

The Johnson wharf, to the eastward of the Canadian Pacific wharf, is 550 feet long and has a storage capacity of 4,200 tons.

The Evans-Coleman wharf has a surface area of 169,540 square feet. Depth of water at high tide, from 36 to 57 feet, at low tide from 20 to 41 feet. The

number of sheds on the wharf is thirteen, and the area of floors is about 150,000 feet. A railroad siding runs to the end of the westerly arm of the wharf and cargo can be loaded into and out of steamers directly from the cars.

The Vancouver Ice and Cold Storage Company have two public cold storage buildings, one for butter, cheese and eggs, the other for freezing and storage of fresh fish. These buildings are on the water front and have a railway siding. The present storage capacity is 350,000 cubic feet, and the ice-making capacity, 50 tons per day.

The MacDonald Marpole Company, Limited, own bunkers, capacity about 600 tons, and two coal sheds of 2,000 tons capacity.

The Union S.S. Company leases a wharf from the Canadian Pacific which has a surface of 59,500 square feet. Depth of water alongside is from 36 to 121⁄2 feet at low tide. On the wharf are 4 sheds, area of floors, 24,450 feet. There is a railway siding to one shed.

Messrs Brown & Howey have a large warehouse for feed, hay and grain, and the outer end of the wharf is occupied by the New England Fish Company, operating steamers in the halibut fishery.

To the eastward of Messrs. Evans, Coleman & Evans wharf is the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway wharf, length 550 feet, width 100 feet; shed 500 x 70 feet, capacity 25,000 square feet, also oil fuel storage of 32,000 pounds and tank measurement of 10,000 barrels, built with reinforced concrete wharves. Delivering capacity, 1,000 barrels per hour.

At Hastings saw mills, large piers accommodate vessels loading lumber, the largest having a depth of water alongside of 25 feet.

One quarter of a mile east of the Hastings saw mills are the Great Northern Railway wharves of large size, built of concrete to accommodate the largest class of ocean liners. These wharves are now under construction.

The B. C. Sugar Refinery Company has wharves for the accommodation of their trade and are building new wharves eastward of the existing ones.

At Barnet the chemical works own wharves for large vessels.

At Port Moody is the oil refinery wharf used by the largest class of tank steamers, and wharves are under construction for the lumber trade at this place. Several wharves are being built along the water front at different places in the inlet.

At Coal harbour, inside the First narrows, at the western part of the city, the C. P. R. Coy. has built large tanks for the storage of oil fuel for their own use. These tanks have a capacity of 50,000 barrels each. Dredging operations are being conducted on a large scale. A fairway has been established, 400 feet wide, used by yachts and towing craft. The Vancouver Shipyards have an establishment for yacht building, where vessels of 200 tons can be hauled out.

At the eastern end of the city the British Columbia Salvage Company has a marine railway where vessels are hauled out and all kinds of repairs made.

At North Vancouver, on the opposite side of the harbour from the city, are the Wallace shipyards where vessels are built and repaired. The slips at this yard are capable of hauling out vessels of 2,000 tons, dead weight, and are fitted