with all the most modern appliances for effecting repairs. The water along the shore of North Vancouver is from 512 to 9 fathoms in depth at low water, excepting the flats which extend out for a short distance.

There is a ferry wharf at North Vancouver and constant communication is kept up by ferry boats between this wharf and the ferry wharf on the Vancouver city side.

Moodyville is on the same side of the harbour as North Vancouver, where lumbering operations are carried on on a large scale.

In False Creek there are wharves with bunkers for coal, gravel and building material, occupying nearly the whole of water frontage.

A View showing the east end of Vancouver Harbour.

False Creek is an inlet from the southern part of English bay and runs into the heart of the city. It is being rapidly improved by dredging and the building of wharves.

The Canadian Northern Railway occupies the property at the eastern end of False Creek from Westminster avenue bridge to the eastern end of the creek. There is a large and rapidly increasing traffic done by towing craft.

The tidal stream in False creek is of considerable strength, and towing craft with tows wait for the flood tide in English bay.

At Vancouver there is a time signal and compass beacons have been established.

Coaling in the harbour is done by barges, but large vessels to and from Vancouver bunker at Nanaimo, Vancouver island, some 30 miles from Vancouver.

Vessels are loaded and unloaded in the harbour by steam cranes, derricks and ships' tackle. The cost of loading and discharging general cargo is about 80 cents a ton, including wharfage. Stevedoring charges for lumber are from $1.00 to $1.35 per thousand feet, board measure.

The port charges are: sick mariners' dues, 12 cents per ton, registered, paid 3 times a year, if not paid in some other Canadian port; harbour master's dues, 50 cents for vessels of 50 tons, increasing according to size to maximum charge of 5 dollars for vessels over 700 tons, paid twice in one year only if not paid in other Canadian ports.

Harbour Commissioners have recently been appointed and will administer the harbour and fix the port charges in the near future.

The shipping and discharging of seamen in British Columbia ports range higher than the fixed rates for other Canadian ports.

All kinds of ship's stores and good water and bunker coal can be easily procured in the port.

Vancouver is the western terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway which at this port makes connection with its liners and coast steamers on the Pacific. The Great Northern Railway line from Washington State runs into Vancouver. The Canadian Northern Railway is constructing its line eastward to connect with the portion of this line that is being built in British Columbia. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway has steamboat connections with Prince Rupert its terminus on the Pacific coast.

The city has communication by water with all the ports on the Pacific coast and with China, Japan, Australia, Mexico and other South American ports, and with the east by rail, and telegraphic communication with all parts of Canada and the United States, and by cable with Australia.

Lights. The lights are: one on Atkinson point, north point of entrance to English bay, latitude N. 49 19 32, longitude W. 123 15 30, white group flashing; fog alarm on extreme of point in front of lighthouse; one on Prospect point, white occulting and red sector, under bluff at the point, south side of First narrows, latitude N., 49 18 34, longitude W. 123 8 00, with a fog bell; one on Brockton point inside First narrows, red fixed, white sector, latitude N. 49 17 44, longitude W. 123 6 54, a fog bell, 120 feet, 33°, from Burnaby shoal light and bell buoy on northern edge of shoal, red fixed with fog bell; beacon light, First narrows; Grey point fairway, gas, and bell buoy about 14 miles, 357°, from

Grey point, north shore of W. entrance white occulting; fog bell on concrete base of beacon; False creek beacon at S. end of Nicola street north side of entrance to the creek, red fixed, latitude N. 49 16 41, longitude W. 123 8 28. See List of Lights Pacific Coast for 1913.

Pilotage is under the Vancouver Pilotage authority and payment is compulsory. The rates are :

ton.

For vessels under sail, $2 per foot draught of water and 1 cent per net registered

For vessels in tow of a steamer, $1 per foot draught of water and 1 cent per net registered ton.

For steamers, $1 per foot draught of water and 1 cent per net registered ton. Any portion of a foot, not exceeding six inches, shall be paid for as half a foot; any fraction exceeding six inches shall be paid for as one foot.

The pilotage from Cape Flattery or Royal Roads to a line drawn from Point Atkinson to the buoy on Spanish bank, or to the limits of Howe sound, and vice versa, is not compulsory, but if the services of a pilot are required he shall be paid the following rates for vessels under sail, viz. :

For vessels under steam or in tow of a steamer the following rates shall be paid :

head.

Vessels from foreign ports must call at the quarantine stations at William

Tonnage that entered and departed at this port for fiscal year 1911-12 was 7,326,514.

VICTORIA HARBOUR lies at the southern end of Vancouver island, British Columbia, and at the eastern end of the Juan de Fuca strait. Vessels inward bound from sea pass through the Juan De Fuca strait and outward by the same strait. Vessels bound from Victoria for ports on the easterly side of Vancouver island and ports on the mainland of British Columbia pass into the strait of Georgia by Haro strait but inner channels between Vancouver island and Trial, Discovery and Chatham islands, through Baynes channel, Swanson channel and Active pass, with deep water, are usually taken by ordinary steamers which enter the strait of Georgia. Trincomalie and Stuart channels and Pcrlier pass are also used going north. Haro strait is the westernmost of the three channels leading from Juan De Fuca strait into Georgia strait. It trends in a N.W. by N. direction for 18 miles, then turns sharply to the N.E. round Turn point, Stuart island, for a further distance of 12 miles leaving Saturna island to the westward when it enters Georgia. strait. The average depth of water is over 50 fathoms, and for its whole extent is for the most part a broad and deep navigable ship channel. Reefs, however, exist in certain parts; care is therefore necessary in navigating it.

Victoria is approached from the south by Puget sound which is a branch of the strait of Juan De Fuca.

The strait of Juan De Fuca which is entered from the Pacific ocean has a breadth of 13 miles between cape Flattery, state of Washington, the southern point of entrance and Bonila point on Vancouver island; the width of the strait for 60 miles easterly averages 12 miles. It is a deep navigable ship channel with several anchorages on both sides of the strait. On the British Columbia side are port San Juan, Sooke inlet and Becher bay, good anchorage places. See British Columbia Coast Pilot and Admiralty Charts Nos. 576, 1897b, 1911, 1917, 2689 and 2540. All vessels proceeding to ports in the southern part of British Columbia enter and pass through this strait.

The quarantine station for Victoria is at Williams head in Parry bay, part of Royal bay or roads, where vessels are required to report. This station has a wharf, 480 feet long, with depth of from 25 to 30 feet alongside. In the Royal roads, a fine sheet of water, 3 miles in extent, vessels may anchor anywhere within 34 of a mile from the western shore, in good holding ground and well sheltered. Two miles from Victoria is the excellent harbour of Esquimalt. (See description of Esquimalt herein.)

Victoria harbour has its entrance between McLaughlin and Ogden points. From Ogden point in a westerly direction, a long breakwater is being constructed, and inside the breakwater large piers or wharves are contemplated for oceangoing vessels. In the outer harbour of Victoria the water is from 312 to 7 fathoms

and deep water in the channel leading to the 2 wharves now used by ocean-going vessels.

The entrance to the inner harbour is between Berens island and Shoal point where the channel is 400 feet wide with a depth of from 17 to 22 feet at low water.

Victoria B.C.

C. P. R. Wharf, Inner Harbour.