The mean rise of the tide is 8 feet.

The wharves are divided into 3 groups: the outer wharves or ocean docks in the outer harbour; the inner harbour wharves or that part between the entrance of the inner harbour and the E. & N. Ry. bridge, and the upper inner harbour, which is above the railway bridge. The ocean docks, principally used by oceangoing ships, are situated on the E. side near the entrance to the inner harbour and consist of 2 wharves called the "Old" and the "New" wharves. The old wharf provides 754 feet of berthing room on one side and 595 on the other and 145 at the end, the general width is 100 feet. The freight shed on this wharf is 524 feet long by 60 feet wide. At what is called the new wharf, ships use the N. side and end only; the berthing space is 1,020 feet long on the side and 140 on the end; the freight shed on this wharf is 800 feet long giving 54,300 feet of floor space.

The general depth of water at these wharves is 33 feet at low tide except one place where it is 26 feet only.

The wharves of the inner harbour have a frontage of 5,486 feet and shed area of about 120,000 superficial feet. These wharves lie along the city front and the depth of water at low tide ranges from 12 to 20 feet. Around some of these wharves the depth has been dredged to a uniform depth of 20 feet and to the same depth in James bay, low water.

Around the upper inner harbour there are 12 wharves, owned by industrial concerns. These have a frontage of some 1,500 to 1,600 feet; depth of water from 6 to 22 feet. Sheds on these wharves have a floor space of about 20,000 feet.

There are no railway connections at Victoria wharves. The city has two cold storage plants and sheds of 135,000 cubic feet capacity.

Port Charges are Harbour Master's dues, paid twice in one year only, as in other Canadian ports, referred to elsewhere herein; Sick Mariner's dues, 11⁄2 cents per registered ton, paid 3 times a year, if not paid elsewhere in Canada.

Steamers use their own winches for loading and discharging but freight in coasting steamers is handled by small trucks. Sailing vessels are loaded by means of movable hoisting engines.

Cost of loading, from 45 to 50 cents per ton; lumber, $1.10 to $1.25 per 1,000 lumber feet; ballast, loading $1.20 per ton; 35 cents per ton discharging.

Coaling bunker coal is obtained by large vessels at the coal ports, Nanaimo, Ladysmith and Union bay. Coal is also supplied at Victoria to ordinary steamers and tugs and ships calling in for orders, carried from the coal ports to Victoria in barges.

There are three marine railways in the harbour, one of which has a capacity for a vessel of 3,000 tons displacement.

There is a wireless telegraph station at Victoria, under the name of Gonzales Hill, which can communicate with vessels 250 nautical miles distant. The large dry dock and marine railway are situated at Esquimalt.

Victoria is a port of call for ocean-going ships, where provisions, stores and water may be readily obtained, and to receive orders for other ports.

This port has communication by steamship lines with all the southern and northern ports of British Columbia and with Alaska, with United States ports on

the Pacific, with South American ports on the Pacific, with Australia, New Zealand, Honolulu, Figi islands, China, Japan and the Malay straits, also by telegraph and cable with the mainland of British Columbia, the United States and Australia.

Lights approaching Victoria harbour from the west are Race rocks lighthouse in the strait of Juan de Fuca in latitude N. 48 17 36, longitude W. 123 32 15, white flashing, diaphone fog alarm 190 feet, 221°, from lighthouse; lights at William head, quarantine station, on extreme of William head, 90 feet from high

Victoria, B.C.

Outer Wharves.

water mark, latitude N. 48 20 23, longitude W. 123 31 45, rear light 30 feet, 220° from front, both red fixed; Fisgar light, on a rock at western entrance to Esquimalt harbour, latitude N. 48 25 43, longitude W. 123 27 15, white fixed, red sector; Brotchie ledge beacon light, N.E. side off the entrance to Victoria harbour, latitude N. 48 24 33, longitude W. 123 23 7; white occulting, with electric fog bell; fog-alarm on McLaughlin point on the W. side, entrance of harbour on the point, latitude N. 48 25 5, longitude W. 123 24 13; light on Berens island, W. entrance to inner harbour, latitude N. 48 25 22, longitude W. 123 24 00; white occulting, red sector, fog bell on seaward side; light on shoal point beacon on outer end of spit, off the point in the harbour, latitude N. 48 25 24, longitude W. 123 23 40, red fixed; light on middle rock beacon in the harbour, latitude N. 48 25 22, longitude W. 123 23 20, white fixed; light on Laurel point, in harbour, at the N.W. extremity of point, latitude N. 48 25 23, longitude W. 123 23 2, red fixed. Approaching from the east, light on Trial islands, on southernmost island, latitude N. 48 23 36, longitude W. 123 18 45, white group flashing, fog alarm near W. edge of island 185 feet 147° from lighthouse. See List of Lights and Fog Signals on the Pacific Coast, 1913, and Notice to Mariners, No. 73, of 1913 which refers to a temporary light consisting of 2 fixed red lights set 6 feet apart, vertically, on a dolphin, about 1,000 yards from Ogden point westwardly and moved farther out from time to time as the construction of the breakwater progresses.

Pilotage is under the control of the Victoria and Esquimalt Pilotage authority and payment of pilotage is compulsory. The rates are:

Vessels bound to other ports and coming to anchor in 'Royal Roads,' the pilotage shall be free, except the services of a pilot are employed, when pilotage according to the following graduated scale shall be payable :

From inside, or north of "Race Rock," to Royal bay, or vice versa, 50 per cent of the prescribed rates under clause (b), section 18. From Beechy head to " Royal Roads" or vice versa, $1 per foot.

From Pillar point to "Royal Roads," or vice versa, $3 per foot draught of

water.

From Cape Flattery to" Royal Roads," or vice versa, $6 per foot draught of

water.

(b) For vessels entering into or clearing from all ports of Victoria and Esquimalt, the rates of pilotage shall be as follows:

(1) For regular ocean steamers, 50 cents per foot draught of water and 1⁄2 cent per net registered ton up to a maximum of 3,500 tons, on the inward voyage, and 50 per cent of the above o n the outward voyage subject to a discount of 20 per cent.

(2) For irregular ocean steamers, $1 per foot draught of water and 3/4 cent per net registered ton.

(3) For regular steamers in the coasting trade betwen San Francisco and Lynn canal inclusive, the rates shall be the same as for regular steamers as rated in clause 1.

(4) For vessels under sail, $2 per foot draught of water and 1 cent per net registered ton.

(5) For sailing vessels in tow, $1.50 per foot draught of water and 1 cent per net registered ton.

(6) For all vessels entering into or clearing from Williams Head Quarantine Station, the rates shall be 50 per cent of the prescribed rates of any class of vessel for Victoria and Esquimalt, subject to exemption in section 17, clause 7; provided, however, that all coasters between San Francisco and Lynn canal inclusive, when compelled by special instructions from the Dominion government to call at Williams Head Quarantine Station, shall be exempt from pilotage dues unless the services of a pilot are requested.

(7) For all vessels of 500 tons and under, 75 cents per foot draught of water. The total tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1911-12 was 7,317,324.

WALLACE HARBOUR, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. The harbour is entered from the strait of Northumberland and is at the mouth of Wallace river. It has 16 feet over its bar at low water, ordinary springs, which rise 8 feet so that the harbour is capable of admitting vessels of large size. Its entrance, W. by S. 22 miles from the south eastern point of Oak island and between two sandy points named Palmer and Caulfield points, is nearly 2 cables wide and carries 32 to 61⁄2 fathoms water, but the approach to this entrance and over the bar and through the bay, for a distance of 3 miles, is difficult. Within the harbour, flats of stiff clay extend to the shore and dry at low water. At 6 cables within the entrance a middle ground begins and diminishes the breadth of the channel to half a cable.

Opposite Wallace the harbour or river is half a mile wide, whilst the channel between the flats is only 60 yards wide, with 5 fathoms of water. About 2 miles above Wallace the river divides and both the north and south branches are navigable for a few miles above the village. See Atlantic and Gulf of St. Lawrence Coast Pilot for further directions and Chart, No. 2,034 and plan 2,003.

There are wharves in this harbour and a ferry between North and South Wallace.

There is a Harbour Master at this port and the charges are the same as at other Canadian ports.

Provisions and supplies of all kinds can easily be procured at reasonable prices. Pilots can be obtained by signaling.

Lights. One on Mullins point, N. side entrance to Wallace harbour, latitude N. 45 49 45, longitude W. 63 25 5, white fixed; one, 1,473 feet, 284°, from front, red fixed, these lights lead over the bar; range lights in Wallace harbour, front light on N.E. extremity of Macfarlane point, latitude N. 45 49 0, longitude W. 63 27 25, back light, 1,860 feet, 257° 30', from front, both red fixed. List of Lights Atlantic Coast and Gulf St. Lawrence for 1913.

Tonnage entered and departed for fiscal year 1911-12 was 1702.

See

WESTPORT HARBOUR, Brier island, Digby county, Nova Scotia, is in the southwestern end of the bay of Fundy, less than 40 miles from Yarmouth. It is entered from Grand Passage. There is good anchorage off the town of Westport in 5 to 7 fathoms, mud bottom, only exposed to wind from N.E. by N. to N.E. by E., but the water is generally smooth. See S.E. Coast of Nova Scotia and Bay of Fundy Coast Pilot.

There are several wharves in the harbour but none of them extend below low water mark, one is the E. C. Bowers Co. wharf; the Payson wharf is used by

the Insular S.S. Company; there are several smaller wharves and all have fish houses on them, used in the fishing industry, the principal business of the port. The Government pier affords good landing with 15 feet at low water.

Grand Passage has a northern and southern entrance. The southern entrance is indicated by a whistling buoy, about one mile S. of Peters island, and a can buoy on Dartmouth point on the starboard hand entering the Passage, and a buoy on Passage shoal left on the port side until rounding into the bight or harbour. The northern entrance is indicated by a can buoy on Cow ledge on the Freeport shore which is left on the port hand going into the harbour.

The harbour is open the year round.

Tide rises 2034 feet, springs, and 17 feet, neaps. Caution is necessary in entering Westport without local knowledge as the tide runs with a velocity of from 5 to 6 knots an hour forming eddies.

There is a harbour master at Westport and the port charges are the same as at other Canadian ports.

Lights. One in Grand passage N. point of Brier island, latitude N. 44 17 14, longitude W. 66 20 36, red fixed, and a fog bell; one light on W. point of Brier island, latitude N. 44 14 57, longitude W. 66 23 38, white group revolving and a diaphone fog alarm south of tower; one gas and whistling buoy on South W. ledge (Brier island) 17% miles 226° from ledge, latitude N. 44 10 0, longitude W. 66 27 8, red occulting; the Westport light on Peter island entrance to Grand passage, latitude N. 44 15 17, longitude W. 66 20 21, white fixed. See List of Lights on the Atlantic Coast for year 1913.

The total tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1911-12 was 20,320 tons.

WEYMOUTH HARBOUR, Digby county, Nova Scotia, is on the Sissiboo river which empties nto St. Mary bay on the east side. St. Mary bay is an arm of the sea at the S.E. entrance of the bay of Fundy. There is anchorage off the mouth of the Sissiboo river, 51⁄2 fathoms low water, mud bottom, 1⁄2 mile from shore. See S.E. Coast of Nova Scotia and bay of Fundy Coast Pilot. Weymouth harbour being a bar harbour vessels enter a short time before high water. The depth of water in the river varies considerably and is very shoal at low tide. Tugs are available to tow vessels into the wharves and services of pilots can be obtained. Vessels loaded can pass over the bar with a draught of 15 feet ordinary high tides. and 18 feet spring tides, but if drawing more than 18 feet load from lighters in the bay. The river is buoyed. The tides in the vicinity of Weymouth in the bay rise 24 feet, springs and 20 feet, neaps. There is a ballast ground in the bay where ballast is unloaded.

There are 6 wharves in the harbour owned by private individuals, and one pier at lower Weymouth, on which is a shed which contains machinery for manufacturing lumber. Upon wharf 6 is a large shed used for storing pulp and another wharf has a shed for coal. The depth of water at the wharves ranges from 10 to 14 feet at low water and 20 to 24 feet at high water. Vessels load and unload within reach of ship's tackle.

Weymouth has communication by rail and telegraph with the Dominion

systems.