lake St. Clair, 111⁄2 miles, 320° 30', from Thames river main light, white occulting. See List of Lights on the Inland Waters for 1913.

tons.

The tonnage which entered and cleared during the fiscal year 1912 was 56,162

COBOURG HARBOUR, county of Northumberland, Ontario, is on the north shore of lake Ontario, about 68 miles east of Toronto. The harbour is formed by the construction of long piers, 3 in number, called the East pier, Central pier and Western pier. From the East pier, a short pier runs 305 feet westward towards Central pier, and within this pier and Central pier is the inner harbour where there is 13 to 19 feet of water. The West pier or breakwater is 2,000 feet long, running in a southerly line from the shore; there is an angle at the end of this pier running in an easterly direction. The East pier is 2,015 feet long

from the shore. Between the ends of these piers is the entrance to the harbour running also in a southerly direction with an average depth of water of 20 feet. The Central pier is about 1,200 feet in length, and the distance between the outer end of this pier and the East pier is 160 feet. At the inner end of the pier the distance is 780 feet between it and the East pier. The harbour front between these piers is 800 feet long built of cribwork.

Between Cobourg and Charlotte, in the state of New York, the large ferry boat "Ontario, No. 1" plys the year round, conveying cars of coal for the Grand Trunk railway and also a number of passengers.

Cobourg is also a place of call for the regular passenger boats plying between Toronto and Montreal. The place is also an important railway station of the Grand Trunk railway running along the shore of lake Ontario.

Lights. One on E. pier, latitude N. 43 57 10, longitude W. 78 8 35, white fixed, immediately outside of this lighthouse is a diaphone fog-alarm; light on outer end of W. pier, latitude N. 43 56 57, longitude W. 78 8 58, white occulting; Cobourg range lights, front on W. edge of E. pier, 166 feet inside the Customs warehouse, back, E. of the east pier, 376 feet, 8°, 20', from front, both red fixed. See List of Lights on the Inland Waters for 1913, and Admiralty chart, No. 1,152. The total tonnage entered and cleared at this port in 1912 was 2,093,004

tons.

COCKBURN ISLAND, district of Algoma, Ontario, is a small island on the S. side of the North channel of lake Huron and on the west side of Mississaga strait. On the north side of the island is Tolsmaville where there are wharves. In the vicinity the depth of water is from 2 to 3 fathoms. West of this place, in Tolsma bay, there is an anchorage in from 5 to 8 fathoms.

See Admiralty Chart No. 909 or Canadian Naval Service Department Chart No. 95.

The total tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1912 was 45,478 tons.

COLLINGWOOD HARBOUR, county Simcoe, Ontario, is on the south side of Georgian bay, and is an artificial harbour, having good wharf accommodation and 22 feet of water in the ship channel at the approach to the harbour and inside the harbour. The harbour is formed by 2 breakwaters, one the "East" and the other the "West", making a water area of about 300 acres within the enclosure. A large part of the harbour is shallow with rocky bottom. The East breakwater is 1,815 feet long and the West breakwater is stone mound and cribwork of about 1,400 feet in length. The cribwork is 700 feet long from the entrance to the harbour to the angle adjoining the stone mound. The distance between the ends of the 2 breakwaters is 1250 feet. The dredged ship channel from the bay into the harbour runs in a southerly direction and turns at the middle range light in the harbour in a south-easterly direction to the different wharves in the E. side of the harbour. The large vessels entering the harbour find accommodation at these wharves. Shallow draft vessels only make use of the western side

of the harbour.

There is a turning basin connected with the ship channel approaching the wharves. At the outer end of the channel entering from the bay, the width is 300 feet, gradually diminishing to a width of 220 feet at a point 1,000 feet from the Grand Trunk railway freight sheds. Nearer the G. T. R. freight wharf the width of the channel is 450 feet. Along the face of the Government wharf the minimum width is 220 feet and the maximum is 300 feet. It will be seen by this that the widest part of the channel is east of the Grand Trunk Elevator wharf leading to the Grand Trunk general freight wharf and dry docks of the Collingwood Ship Building Co'y.

There are seven wharves for loading and discharging cargo, grain, coal and lumber: No. 1 wharf is the Grand Trunk Railway Company's lumber wharf, 500 feet long and 80 feet wide with railway siding and switches, depth of water 16 feet alongside wharf; No. 2, Grand Trunk Railway elevator wharf, 1,100 feet long, with elevator, railway siding and switches; No. 3, Grand Trunk Railway freight

wharf, 1, 200 feet long, with freight shed, 200 by 80 feet, and railway track running through the centre of the shed; No. 4, Collingwood Shipbuilding Co.'s wharf, 400 feet long; No. 5, Government wharf, 650 feet long, with freight shed, 100 by 50 feet; water in the channel leading to all these wharves except No. 1 is 22 feet deep; No. 6, Collingwood Meat Company's wharf, west side of harbour, 800 feet long and No. 7, Charlton Sawmill Company's lumber wharf on the west side of harbour, 2,500 feet long. The water at Nos. 6 and 7 is only 16 feet deep.

The capacity of the grain elevator is 200,000 bushels. Grain can be unloaded from vessels at the rate of 4,250 bushels per hour. Cars can be loaded at the rate of 5,000 bushels per hour and the largest sized vessels can be unloaded by loading grain directly into cars.

The accommodation for docking vessels for repairs is extensive and the port has one of the most complete ship-building plants anywhere on the Great Lakes for construction and repairs. One dry-dock is 570 feet long, 90 feet wide, depth of water on the sill 20 feet; another is 515 feet long, 54 feet wide; a third dry dock is contemplated and a landing slip, 1,000 feet long, for further mooring accommodation of vessels while undergoing repairs. Some of the finest and largest boats in the passenger and freight service on the Great Lakes have been built in Collingwood. Large boats for carrying bulk cargo of grain and merchandise have also been built.

The present equipment enables the Collingwood Ship Building Coy. to build ships of 600 feet in length and vessels of from 800 to 900 feet long, should future requirements call for them. The capacity of the Company with regard to time enables them to build a 500 or 600 foot ship every 6 months on one building berth. A 400 foot ship can be built on another berth in one year. Several tugs and small barges can also be built at the same time as these. One berth is large enough to build two 500 foot vessels in one year. The Company build their own engines and boilers and much of the auxiliary machinery.

Lights. The lights are: Collingwood breakwater light, outer end of west breakwater in latitude N. 44° 31′, longitude W. 80° 13′ 50′′, white fixed; one on cribwork pier at the turn of the dredged channel, which is a range light common to the shore range on the mainland 2,644 feet, 178° 30′ from front light, red fixed; one light on a cribwork pier, 1,530 feet, 304° 30′; from front, white fixed, which is a range to the wharf from the light on the turn; one light on Nottawasaga island, two miles northwest of Collingwood harbour, latitude N. 44 32 20, longitude W. 80 15 50, white revolving. There is a gas buoy moored in 4 fathoms of water 400 feet west of Lockerbie rock.

The port charges are harbour master's dues, collected twice a year, if not paid elsewhere, and wharfage on cargo. At the Government wharf moorage is charged according to registered tonnage. See List of Lights on the Inland Waters for 1913. Chart No. 327, and the Georgian Bay Pilot for sailing directions. The total tonnage which entered and cleared from the port in the fiscal year 1912, was 345,869 tons.

CORNWALL HARBOUR, Stormont county, Ontario, on the upper St. Lawrence river, is at the eastern end of the Cornwall canal. The Cornwall canal is 11 miles long and is operated with six locks. The entire canal is lighted by the arc light system to facilitate night navigation. The dimensions of the locks are 270 feet by 45 feet. The depth of water on the sills 14 feet. From the head

of the Soulanges canal to the foot of the Cornwall canal, there is a stretch through lake St. Francis of 32 miles, which is navigable for vessels drawing 14 feet of water. From the head of the Cornwall canal to the foot of the Farran canal the distance on the river St. Lawrence is 5 miles. The wharf on the north side of the canal immediately south of the town is 1170 feet long, depth of water 14 feet; the wharf at the lower end of the canal on the river St. Lawrence is 500 feet long with a depth of water of from 9 to 12 feet, according to stage of water in the river, there is also a river wharf, 200 feet long, directly opposite the town of Cornwall.

There is also a dry dock which will accommodate vessels drawing 12 feet. The dock is 300 feet long and 250 feet wide and is situated opposite the southeast corner of the town of Cornwall. Its location is convenient for repairing vessels. Material and labour can be easily procured. The dry dock is used in the winter for laying up vessels after the close of navigation.

The channels are good and clearly distinguishable.

Lights.-Arc lights along the canal; one range on St. Regis dyke, front one on cribwork pier on western end of dyke, latitude N. 45 1 3, longitude W. 74 39 44; one on cribwork pier on eastern end of dyke, 500 feet, 95° 30′, from front, both white fixed; St. Regis dyke gas buoy, No. 96F., opposite east end of Cornwall island, white occulting. See List of Lights on the Island Waters for 1913.

The total tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1912 was 102,993 tons.

COURTRIGHT HARBOUR, Lambton county, Ontario, on the eastern shore of St. Clair river. The dock at this place is 1,000 feet in length with a depth of water of 16 feet alongside, there are 3 railway sidings on the wharf affording the best of facilities for loading and unloading freight.

The harbour is kept open the year round by ferry boats running with passenger and freight cars between Courtright and St. Clair. From 10 to 20 freight cars are loaded daily.

Lights.-On Stag Island shoal south end of shoal, latitude N. 42 52, longitude W. 82 27 50, white fixed, this light is situated about 4 miles north of Courtright; gas buoy on St. Clair Middle ground on the most northerly 18 foot spot east of St. Clair Middle ground, latitude N. 42 49 44, longitude W. 82 28 18, white fixed. See List of Lights on the Inland Waters for 1913.

The total tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1912 was 391,721 tons.

CUTLER HARBOUR, district of Algoma, on the north shore of North channel of lake Huron, is 18 miles east of Algoma harbour. The harbour is in Aird bay and anchorage is found in the bay with a depth of 20 to 25 feet. There are several lumber wharves with water from 18 to 24 feet alongside. Two of these wharves are on Aird island and are lumber docks. One wharf, called " Steamboat dock," is about one mile further east and it is necessary to pass through Little Detroit channel to reach this wharf. The port extends over quite an area but Cutler village is the main place of business, being a station on the Sault Ste. Marie branch of the Canadian Pacific Ry.

Directions for Sailing.-Through Whaleback channel to Cutler, after passing Nicholas island, on the westward, steer E. 34 N. for Papineau island, 4 miles, until the highest part of mount Victoria is open eastward of the mill stack. Keep

it thus for about a mile to pass Curran rock (which generally shows) when haul to pass about 200 yards east of Casgrain rock, thus avoiding the rock off Lister island and the shoal water north of it; when abreast of Rykert point haul over for the wharves.

Lights.-Front on outer end of wharf, latitude N. 46 11 50, longitude W. 82 27 50, back light, 435 feet, 19° 30′, from front, both red fixed. See List of Lights on the Inland Waters for 1913.

Total tonnage entered and cleared at this port for the fiscal year 1912 was 161,996 tons.

DEPOT HARBOUR, district of Parry Sound, Ontario, is situated on the north shore of Parry island, in Parry sound, Georgian bay, 51⁄2 or 6 miles distant from Parry Sound harbour. The approximate extent of the harbour used by vessels is one and a half miles by one quarter mile, and the depth of water for anchorage is 5 fathoms with good holding clay bottom. The harbour is well sheltered from heavy seas and its approach well marked by acetylene buoys, port and starboard spar buoys and compression gas lighthouses and beacons for a distance of twenty miles out into the open Georgian bay.

The elevator and coal wharf is 1,200 feet long by 81 wide, situated on the north side of the harbour, and owing to its length forms a breakwater against heavy seas from the north. The elevator which stands on the wharf has a capacity of two million bushels and has one marine leg. The amount of grain handled in the harbour averages 15,000,000 bushels, received principally from Fort William and Chicago during the season of navigation up to November 1, and then is transhipped in cars to Montreal, St. John, N.B., and Portland, Me. The wharf is also fitted with coal bins where from 80,000 to 85,000 tons of coal are handled in one season. For loading and unloading coal a steam derrick with buckets is used, principally by the Grand Trunk Railway vessels. Six railway sidings have been placed on this wharf, two of which run into the elevator, two along the north side and two run to the coal bin and end of breakwater on the south side. The depth of water alongside this wharf is from 18 to 30 feet.

The cement dock is situated in the centre of the harbour and consists of cribwork with concrete top; it is also 800 feet long by 150 feet wide. Two railway sidings run upon this wharf and the depth of water on both sides and across the face is from 18 to 20 feet. The wharf is used mostly for handling lumber and steel rails.

The package freight wharf is situated on the south side of the harbour and is 1,200 feet in length by 100 feet in width, with depth of water alongside from 21 to 35 feet. There are two extensive freight sheds, No. 1 being 600 feet by 80 and No. 2 is 650 feet by 80. Two railway sidings run alongside the sheds and the ships' side, with facilities for unloading freight by steam conveyors.

Lights. The immediate light is Depot island light on the beach at the western extremity of the island in latitude N. 45° 19' 6", longitude W. 80° 30' 5", and one on Killbear point latitude N. 45° 20′ 1′′, longitude W. 80° 10′ 25′′ white fixed. See List of Lights on Inland Waters for 1913 and Admirality Chart No. 1731.

The tonnage entered and cleared in 1912 was 468,828. See List of Lights on the Inland Waters and Admiralty Chart 1,731.