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Number, weight, and msasure, are the foundations of all exact science."

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They are produced by the tidal wave and the land with its peculiar formation.

It the earth was a true sphere and evenly covered with a layer of water, the tides would follow the moon around the earth like a broad but gentle swell, and not exceed five feet in height directly under the moon, and there would be no gulf stream or any other ocean currents. If there was a narrow belt of land reaching from pole to pole it would act on the principle of a dam and would stop the natural course of the tide and would raise it from five to twenty five feet at least.

To cause a very high tide, form a bay one hundred miles long and fifty miles wide at the mouth and gradually coming to a point at the extreme end; locate it in this belt of land, that reaching from pole to pole it would act on the principle of a dam and would stop the natural course of the tide, and would raise it from five to twenty feet at least. To cause a very high tide, form a bay 100 miles long and 50 miles wide at the mouth, and gradually coming to a point at the extreme end; locate it in this belt of land, that reaches from pole to pole, directly under the moon. The tide would rise at the extreme end of the bay 100 feet at least. This formation gives the tide a very good opportunity to enter the bay and force the water upward. To make this better understood, I call your attention to the Bay of Fundy, it is this principle that causes the tide to rise 60 feet or more at the head of that bay; it is the form of the bay that causes the

tide to rise so high. Now let us change ends of this bay and see what the effect will be, the location being the same, and the mouth of the bay only 50 feet wide, and 100 miles long, and 50 miles wide at the extreme end or head, there would be no tide at the extreme end, the opening being so small at the mouth and the demand for the water so large as it made it way up the bay that it would lose its force long before it reached the head. But every tide would fall into the bay and every ebb tide fall into the ocean. There would be no possible chance for a sufficient quanitity of water to get into this bay to make a tide to the extreme end. The gulf of Mexico is a representation in part, of this formation, so much so, that the tide is quite small on the west shore.

To produce a mill privilege or an ocean current, cut a channel at the head of the bay first described, into the ocean on the other side of this belt reaching from pole to pole. This is the reservoir, or the mill-pond.

Cut a channel across the Isthmus of Panama large enough to let the water through that makes the Gulf stream and it will turn its course into the Pacific ocean and cease to cross the Atlantic ocean to warm the shores of Europe as it now does. The ocean currents are all equalizers of water. If the water remained equal there would be no ocean currents. The land with its peculiar formation and the tide are continually making the water unequal; the tide and the winds are the two great forces that move and stir the water in the ocean. The moon and sun attract the water from the poles to the center directly under the moon at the tropics, and it is brought by the tide waves from the east to the west shore and is held there by the attraction of the moon and the sun and is forced along the shores north aud south. The islands on our eastern coast act on the principle of a breakwater; they change the course of the water and force it into the Gulf of Mexico which becomes the reservoir or fountain head. It is the peculiar formation of the land that forms this marvelous stream; it runs out of the gulf like a large river out of a lake. It also runs on the principle taht all other streams do. As it is a great equalizer of water as well as heat, so it makes it course in the direction where the water is the most deficient and lowest.

It is the surplus water brought there and forced out of the tropics by the tide wave; it acts somewhat on the principle of an eddy, it forces the cold water from the poles; it is the cause of the cold currents and the warm; it is the great moving force of all the ocean currents.

At the Isthmus of Panama, if the water is not higher on the east shore than on the west shore, then this theory is not correct, but will stand or fall when a true survey accross the Isthmus is fully made known. The continent of America is the great dam in the ocean and

changes the course of the tides, and causes tides to change into currents. Turn the continent of America so it will be lie east and west and it will change the ocean currents, destroying some and making others. If there was no other land on the globe than America, there would be no ocean currents, only those connected with America. But such is not the case, for Africa has a point of land in the way; also, Australia and New Zealand are in the way; and Asia also interferes and assists in stopping the tides and making ocean currents run up the Pacific ocean; so when we find large bodies of land directly in the way of the tidal wave we find ocean currents also. All large oceans have their counter currents or eddies; the water that has been carried west by the tide has to come back in the form of currents to supply the deficiency, ad this stirs the water into the eddy motion. The tide with the land and its formation will produce every circumstance connected with the ocean currents.

Some of the trade winds are caused by the rotary motion of the earth,; the sun is continually warming the air at the surface of the earth, which makes it lighter, and the night cools it and makes it heavier, so the cool air follows the sun around the earth, and that is the cause of its keeping in one direction. The tide opposite from the moon on the other side of the earth is cause by the reacting force. Every child that has learned to swing by a suspended rope or otherwise, has learned the force of this law, and every one that moves water in very wide vessels will have to attend to this force, or they will be likely to let some of it slop over and out of the vessel

The sun is continually expanding the side of the earth nearest it, making it lighter; night condenses and makes the opposite side heavier, and its motion around the sun causes it to rotate. If the earth should change its course and take the opposite direction round the sun, its rotation would qe in the opposite direction also.

2.

WHO WAS TAXO? Chapter IX of the book, " The Assumption of Moses," contains the following verse. Who was this Taxo? Was he known by some other name in the Old Testament ? O.

"In that day, at his command a man shall arise from the tribe of Levi, whose name shall be Taxo. And he shall call his seven sons unto him, and thus address them: Behold, my sons, a second time has vengeance fallen upon this people, a cruel, punishment, and pitiless captivity. What nation or people has suffered for their iniquities as we have suffered? Ye see and know that we have never tempted God, neither our fathers nor ancestors, so as to transgress His commandments. And herein lies our strength. Let us then do this: let us fast for three days; and on the fourth day let us go into a cave which is in the field, and rather die than break the commandments of our God. For if we do this and die, the Lord will avenge our blood.'"

ODD AMERICAN BIBLES. Mistakes and peculiarities in the different editions of the English Bibles has served as the theme of many an amusing chapter; but a rich gleaning awaits the person who will search with patience the field of the American issues.

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Many an edition contains the blunder in II Corinthians XII, 2, of "about fourteen years ago," for "above fourteen years ago." More than one edition has in Acts XII, 4, "four quarternions,' for four quaternions." The American Bible Society's forty-cent Bible went through perhaps a hundred editions where in Acts VIII, 11, was "betwitched," for "bewitched," before the error was discovered at the Bible Pavilion at the Centennial Exposition, in Philadelphia, in 1876. Perhaps the worst specimen of an English Bible that was ever printed, is "The English Version of the Polyglot Bible," as stereotyped by Christman & Co., Philadelphia, and sold throughout the world, imprinted of various firms. The plates were corrected about 1850, and purged of many errors; but yet there are various errors in it." early editions contain many amusing errors when read side by side of the late editions. We might endure in Luke XXII, 64, a superfluous h in "phrophesy"; or in Acts xv, 39, an extra s on "Cypruss"; or in Colossians IV, 16, a superfluous s in "espistle "; but when in John IV, 23, we read that "the true whorshipper shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth," it becomes too flagrant. We may not notice the bad grammar, in xv, 30, in the loss of a t from one word, "thou has killed for him the fatted calf," but it becomes troublesome in I Thessalonians v, 23, when we read "And the very God of peace sanctify you holy" (for wholly"). The change of an e for a t in Genesis IV, 6, in "Why are thou wroth?" is noticible, but it is vexatious in Revelation, XI, 18, when we read "And the nations wery angry" for 66 were angry." Like errors only confuse a little in Matthew xxv, 21, for "the loss of an e in "thee," in "I will make the ruler over many things" In Mark v, 6, we have "he run and worshipped him," for "he ran and worshipped him." In Acts VIII, 3, we have hailing men and women," for "haling men and women.' In Luke VI, 4, we have, in this edition, "snow-bread," for "shew-bread." Even the change of a capital to a lower case letter is not without its unfortunate crazy result: the Moabite city "Madmen" becomes the plural of simple lunatics; for in Jeremiah XLVIII, 2, is seen "Also thou shalt be cut down, O madmen," for "O Madmen."

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Certain mistakes are so characteristic of the editions of certain societies and publishing houses that often the imprint of a given Bible can be told when the title-page is gone. It would be well for one publishing house at least, in Philadelphia, to scrutinize the Bibles it has published for scores of years past. The English-speeking world hardly knows its debt to the authorized English publishers and to

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