in the bishop's palace, and where, after a short illness, he died. It was at Arundel Castle that he first met with Cheynell (see Cheynell), at whose request he was removed to Chichester, where that wild fanatic attended him constantly, and treated him with as much compassion as his uncharitable principles would permit. He is supposed to have died on the 30th of January, 1644, and was buried, according to his own desire, in the cathedral of Chichester.

Chillingworth's loyalty made him look with a friendly eye upon the doctrine of Episcopacy. He wrote a small tract to shew that Episcopacy is not repugnant to the government settled in the Church for perpetuity by the Apostles. The occasion was this: Dr. Morton, Bishop of Durham, having composed a treatise, entitled, The judg ment of Protestant Divines, of remote Churches, as well such, as were the first Reformers of religion, as others, after them, in behalf of episcopal degree in the Church: his manuscript was sent to Archbishop Usher, who was then at Oxford; and he published it without the author's name to it, and knowledge of it, under the title of Confessions and Proofs of Protestant Divines of Reformed Churches, that Episcopacy is in respect of the office according to the word of God, and in respect of the use the best. The learned Primate added to it a brief treatise of his own, with his name prefixed before it, touching the original of Bishops and Metropolitans. And in order to complete that collection, Mr. Chillingworth furnished him. with the aforesaid tract, which being subjoined to the other two, as a conclusion, was intitled, The Apostolical Institution of Episcopacy; deduced out of the premises by W. C. This little piece has been reprinted several times: "and I don't find," says Maizeaux,

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any thing was published against it till of late. But whether it may be easily confuted, the reader will judge by the ensuing passages."

"If we abstract from Episcopal government," says Mr. Chillingworth, "all accidentals, and consider only

what is essential and necessary to it; we shall find in it no more but this. An appointment of one man of eminent sanctity and sufficiency to have the care of all the churches, within a certain precinct or diocese; and furnishing him with authority, not absolute or arbitrary, but regulated and bounded by laws, and moderated by joining to him a convenient number of assistants. To the intent that all the churches under him may be provided of good and able pastors: and that both of pastors and people conformity to the laws and performance of their duties may be required, under penalties, not left to diseretion, but by law appointed.

"To this kind of government," pursues he, "I am not by any particular interest so devoted as to think it ought to be maintained, either in opposition to Apostolic institution, or to the much desired reformation of men's lives, and restoration of primitive discipline, or to any law or precept of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: for that were to maintain a means contrary to the end for obedience to our Saviour is the end for which church government is appointed. But if it may be demonstrated, or made much more probable than the contrary, as I verily think it may: 1. That it is not repugnant to the government settled in and for the Church by the Apostles: 2. That it is as compliable with the reformation of any evil, which we desire to reform either in Church or State, or the introduction of any good which we desire to introduce, as any other kind of government: and 3. That there is no law, no record of our Saviour against it: then I hope it will not be thought an unreasonable motion, if we humbly desire those that are in authority, especially the high court of parliament, that it may not be sacrificed to clamour, or overborne by violence: and though (which God forbid) the greater part of the multitude should cry, Crucify, crucify, yet our governors would be so full of justice and courage, as not to give it up until they perfectly understand concerning Episcopacy itself, Quid mali fecit. I shall speak at this time only of the first of these

three points that Episcopacy is not repugnant to the government settled in the Church for perpetuity by the Apostles. Whereof I conceive this which follows as clear a demonstration as any thing of this nature is capable of," &c.

What he says afterwards upon that point he resumes thus in the conclusion: "Episcopal government is acknowledged to have been universally received in the church presently after the Apostles' times. Between the Apostles' times and this presently after, there was not time enough for, nor possibility of so great an alteration. And therefore there was no such alteration as is pretended. And therefore Episcopacy, being confessed to be so ancient and catholic, must be granted also to be apostolic. Quod erat demonstrandum."-Maizeaux. Birch.

CHISHULL, EDMUND.

EDMUND CHISHULL was born at Eyworth in Bedfordshire, and educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he took his degree of master of arts in 1693, previously to which he published a Latin poem on the battle of La Hogue. In 1698 he became chaplain to the factory at Smyrna, where he continued till 1702. In 1705 he was admitted to his degree of B.D., and the next year he wrote an answer to Mr. Dodwell on the immortality of the soul. In 1707 he zealously exposed the enthusiastic absurdities of the French prophets, in a sermon, on the 23rd of November, at Serjeant's Inn chapel, in Chancerylane. On the 1st of September, 1708, he was presented to the vicarage of Walthamstow, in Essex; and in 1711 he was appointed one of the chaplains in ordinary to the Queen. He now became distinguished for his researches in classical antiquities, and in 1721 he published, Inscriptio Sigma antiquissima ΒΟΥΣΤΡΟΦΗΔΟΝ exarata. Commentario eam Historico-Grammatico-Critico illustravit

Edmundus Chishull, S.T.B. Regiæ Majestati a sacris, folio. This was followed by Notarum ad Inscriptionem Sigam appendicula; additâ a Sigao alterâ Antiochi Soteris inscriptione, folio, in fifteen pages, without a date. Both these pieces were afterwards incorporated in his Antiquitaties Asiaticæ. When Dr. Mead, in 1724, published his Harveian oration, delivered in the preceding year at the Royal College of Physicians, Mr. Chishull added to it, by way of appendix, Dissertatio de Nummis quibusdam a Smyrnæis in Medicorum Honorem percussis. In 1728 appeared, in folio, his great work, Antiquitates Asiaticæ Christianam Æram antecedentes; ex primariis Monumentis Græcis descriptæ, Latine versæ, Notisque et Commentariis illustratæ. Accedit Monumentum Latinum Ancyranum. The work contains a collection of inscriptions made by consul Sherard, Dr. Picenini, and Dr. Lisle, afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph. Chishull added to the Antiquitates Asiaticæ two small pieces which he had before publihsed, viz: Conjectanea de Nummo CKNI inscripto, and Iter Asia Poeticum, addressed to the Rev. John Horn. In 1731 he was presented to the rectory of South-church in Essex. He died in 1733.

Dr. Mead testified his regard for the memory of Chishull by publishing, in 1747, his travels in Turkey, and back to England, folio.-Biog. Brit. Nichols's Bowyer.

CHOISY, FRANCIS TIMOLEON DE.

FRANCIS TIMOLEON DE CHOISY was born in Paris, in 1644. His youth was very irregular, and so indeed were his maturer years; nevertheless, notwithstanding the boasted discipline of Roman Catholic Churches, he was highly preferred, and that too, through the interest of the French court, the patronage of which, especially of Monsieur, the brother of Louis XIV., those very irregularities procured him. He became dean of the cathedral at

Bayeaux, and a member of the French academy. He was sent to the King of Siam, with the Chevalier de Chaumont in 1685, and was ordained priest in the Indies by the apostolical vicar. He died in 1724. His principal works are:-1. Quatre Dialogues sur l'Immortalité de l'Ame, &c. which he wrote with M. Dangeau, 12mo. 2. Relation du Voyage de Siam, 12mo. 3. Histoires de Piété et de Morale, 2 vols, 12mo. 4. Hist. de l'Eglise, 11 vols, in 4to, and in 12mo. 5. La Vie de David, avec une Interpretation des Pseaumes, 4to. 6. The Lives of Solomon; of St. Louis, 4to; of Philip de Valois, and of King John, 4to; of Charles V. 4to; and of Charles VI. 4to; and of Mad. de Miramion, 12mo; his Memoirs, 12mo.-D'Alembert. Moreri.

CHRISTOPHERSON, JOHN.

JOHN CHRISTOPHERSON was a native of Lancashire, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. He was one of the first fellows of Trinity College, being appointed in 1546. He shortly after became master of that house. During the reign of Edward VI., being adverse to the reformation party then in power, he resided abroad, being supported by his college. On the accession of Mary he returned to England, and in October, 1554, he was sent by Bonner to Cambridge, to enforce the observation of three articles, which it seems were not so exactly regarded before:

I. That every scholar should wear his apparel according to his degree in the schools.

II. Touching the pronunciation of the Greek tongue. In which, no question, the university followed Sir John Cheke's reformed and correct way of reading and sounding it; though this Gardiner, their chancellor, in King Henry's days, had sent a peremptory order forbidding it. But he being under a cloud in the reign of King Edward, Cheke's way prevailed again. And so now it was to be forbidden again.