pensable to their complete efficiency. They will of course languish and dwindle, and perhaps become unpopular and eventually extinct, merely because they never were, what from the first they ought to have been made. In our country there certainly is a great proneness unduly to multiply literary institutions of the higher class. Every State in the union seems to think itself degraded, if it have not a college or two of its own; and in some States not less than four or five are deemed sufficient. This spirit, it is hoped, will not be extended to schools for deaf mutes. Thanks to a merciful providence, there are not enough of these unfortunate human beings in every State of the American union, to require a school in each for their instruction. We should suppose that the institution at Hartford will always suffice for the whole of the New England States. The one in New York is adequate to the instruction of all the pupils in that large State, and also in Vermont and Canada. In Philadelphia there are two-We regret that there is more than one; but we take no part in the controversy that has unhappily arisen on the subject. We think that Philadelphia can advantageously furnish instruction for the deaf and dumb of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, and perhaps also for those of Maryland. To the West and South two or three more will be necessary before long-say one in Virginia, one in Kentucky, and one in South Carolina. Let it not, however, be understood that we pretend to have made any accurate calculation in regard to the requisite number; or that we are at all disposed to insist on the exact justice of any suggestions we have thrown out; except that the extremes of too few, and too many, of these institutions, are to be carefully avoided-We have only wished to indicate something that would approximate the truth.

We proceed to mention a second point of importance, relative to establishments for the deaf and dumb

It relates to the endowment of these establishments. In almost all the States, a part of the publick revenue is appropriated to education; and in our judgment, even if political considerations alone be regarded, there is no appropriation of more importance than that which goes to secure suitable instruction for every individual of the community. On a well informed population, the prosperity, and even the continuance of our republican governments, must essentially depend.-Knowledge and virtue are confessedly the vital principles of free government. How reasonable is it then, since the means of instructing the deaf and dumb are now in use among us, that this portion of the community should be adequately provided for, as well as the rest? Nay, has not this portion claims that are peculiarly strong and interesting? Without any fault of their own, the parents of the deaf mutes are placed in circumstances which render the education of their unhappy offspring far more expensive than that of children who possess all the external senses. Without establishments for the purpose, the deaf mutes cannot be educated at all; even though their parents may abound in wealth. But even when the necessary institutions exist, not only the poor, but those too who have an income competent for all ordinary demands, cannot bear the expense of sending a single child, for several years in succession, to one of those institutions. In providing, therefore, for the education of the poor of the community, this description of poor seem evidently to have the strongest claim of all. Others may, if they will, pick up a portion of learning as they grow up in life, whether they be assisted or not. But the poor deaf mutes, if not assisted-if not sent to an expensive school expressly provided for them -are condemned for the whole of life to total and unavoidable igno

rance. We do think that every State legislature in the American union, is urged by every consideration of justice, humanity and policy, to make a complete provision for the full instruction of every deaf and dumb child within its territory. The States in which the schools exist should endow them bountifully, and those in which they do not exist should set apart a sum annually, adequate not only to a complete course of education for all the deaf and dumb children which they severally contain, but also to aid somewhat in the endowments of those schools to which these children are sent. It would surely be easy to make an arrangement for this purpose, with the legislatures of the States where the schools are established. Since we began to write this article, we have been gratified to learn that the legislature of Pennsylvania, with an uncommon unanimity of its members, has granted eight thousand dollars annually for several years to come, to the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. This is an act highly creditable to the State, and we hope the example will be followed extensively. We must be permitted to remark, however, that the limitation of this annuity is not a pleasant feature of the grant. Why limit it? There will always be a call for its continuance, and any uncertainty of its continuance will necessarily cramp the managers of the institution, in plans of improvement which might otherwise be adopted with the greatest advantage. If an abuse of the publick bounty is feared, this might be guarded against, by ap

pointing visiters or inspectors, to report annually on the whole subject to the legislature.

We make no apology for the length of this article, although, for the present month, it will exclude other reviews. The article relates to a subject of general interest, which we felt ourselves constrained by a sense of duty to advocate; a subject in which the happiness, both for time and eternity, of those who cannot speak for themselves, is deeply involved. We have seen that the deaf and dumb can know nothing of their Creator and Redeemer, nor of the life to come, while they remain uneducated. What Christian can think of this without emotion? Well might Mr. G. urge, that these heathen make as powerful an appeal to pious sensibility as any other. If they shall be taught, as we take it for granted they always will be, to read the holy scriptures, they will of course understand the fundamental principles of revealed religion. We have no wish that they should be proselyted to a particular Christian sect-We hope that no such attempt will ever be made. Let them, when qualified, choose for themselves; and let the wishes of parents have the same influence with these, as with their other children. But let the importance of piety be always and early inculcated, both by the instructions and example of their teachers; as it is, or ought to be, in all literary establishments: and let those who know the efficacy of prayer, address it, in behalf of these interesting children of affliction, to a prayer hearing and a prayer answering God.

Munificence. Our aged, and much respected fellow citizen, Godfrey Haga, Esq. who died on the 27th ult. made, by his last will, the following disposition of his property.

To the Pennsylvania Hospital, one thousand dollars.

To the Northern Dispensary, one thousand dollars.

To the Southern Dispensary, one thousand dollars.

To the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, one thousand dollars.

For the relief of superannuated preachers, their widows, and missionaries and their widows, belonging to the Brethren's Church, six thousand dollars.

To the Society for propagating the Gospel among the Heathen, twenty thousand dollars. This constitutes a fund, the interest of which is to be applied by the Society for the purpose of educating pious young men at Nazareth Hall, for the Gospel Ministry.

The residue of his estate, valued at more than two hundred thousand dollars, is bequeathed to the said Society for propagating the Gospel among the Heathen, and to be appropriated from time to time, as the Society shall direct.

Sea Provisions.-M. Da Olmi, a Professor of Natural Philosophy at Paris, has been commissioned by the French minister of Marine, to construct five large models of purifying cisterns, on a plan invented by M. Ďa Olmi, the object of which is to preserve from putrefaction, and to meliorate water taken on board of vessels for the consumption of the

crew.

It is stated that M. Champollion has found, among the numerous rolls of Egyptian Papyrus in the Royal Museum at Turin, twenty historical manuscripts which relate to the 18th and 19th dynasty of Manethon. These precious documents, it is expected will throw great light on a portion of ancient history, respecting which we have so few remains.

Messrs. Flagg and Gould, of Andover, Mass. have just published "A Greek Grammar of the New Testament, translated from the German of G. B. Winer, Professor of Theology at Erlangen,-by Moses Stuart, Professor of Sacred Literature in the Theological Seminary, Andover, and Edward Robinson, Assistant Instructor in the same Department."

This work, we understand, will form a suitable companion for the Lexicon of Wahl, which is now in the course of publication at the same press; and which will probably be completed in the course of the summer.

A large Tree. The Lexington (Ky.)

Publick Advertiser, says that "there now stands on the banks of the Ohio river, in the state of Indiana, opposite the mouth of Salt river, a Sycamore tree, which has stabled fourteen head of horses at one time, with ample room. It takes 75 long paces to go round its trunk, and you may with perfect ease turn a 14 foot pole in the inside of its cavity."

Hindoo Widows.-At a recent meeting of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, Mr. Butterworth mentioned the fact of 3000 widows having been burnt in India, in the course of the last five years, and asked whether it was the intention of the Directors to interfere in any manner, to stop the progress of this horrible cus tom? He was well aware that it was a delicate task to interfere with the religi ous feelings of the natives, but he thought that a question of such vital importance might justify such an interference. He wished to know whether any instructions on the subject had been given to the government in India by the Court of Directors?

The Chairman said that the Court had sent out directions to their government, in the year 1823, but that no answer to such despatch had yet arrived.

No less than five hundred persons have received aid, this season, from the Provident Society of our city. By aid we mean work to be done for a moderate recompense; means of exercising industry with profit-which is the best form that Charity can take. The plan of this institution has always appeared to us to render it eminently worthy of encouragement; and it possesses the additional claim of being administered by most respectable persons with pure zeal and judicious system. Nat. Gaz.

Elliott's Botany.-The publication of this valuable work, is completed. The last number issued, is the seventh of the second volume; making in all, thirteen numbers.

One third of the subscribers to this work, reside in Europe-many of them, the countrymen of Linnæus, the father of flowers. A production which excites much interest abroad, cannot fail to command interest at home.- Charleston paper.

Pensacola, Jan. 22.

Florida Mahogany.-We have been much gratified by the appearance of some articles of furniture, manufactured by Messrs. M'Rae and Staples at Choctawhatchie, out of the red bay wood, one of the most abundant products of our soil.— The articles will not suffer by a comparison with the real mahogany, and are very elegant pieces of furniture.

In one of our late French papers, we

find an account of the destruction of almost a whole family near Bordeaux, by a repast of mushrooms of the poisonous species. A mother, forty-five years of age; her son, of nine years; two daughters, one of eigh. teen, the other of twenty-two; and the father, all died of the effects of the poison, in the course of a few days, and in extreme suffering. Only a single member of the family recovered. What a lesson of caution!-Nat. Gaz.

Mathematical Diary.-We have just received the first number of a work with the above title, published in New York, and conducted by Professor Adrain of Columbia College in that city. It is to be issued in quarterly numbers of 24 pages each, at one dollar a year, and is designed to promote and embody new researches and improvements in Mathematics. It contains also a collection of questions, proposed, and to be solved, by ingenious correspondents. In the first number is an interesting essay on the quadrature and rectification of the circle.-Fam. Vis. Lead Mine.-We understand a lead mine has been discovered on the estate of Jonathan Leonard, Esq. of Canton, about 15 miles south of this city-a shaft

has been sunk, we are told, to the depth of about 30 feet and there is a fair promise of an abundant supply of the mineral. We have seen specimens of the Galena taken from this vein, and from appearances it is a very rich one. Every discovery of this nature we regard as a publick blessing.-Boston Statesman.

A law has been introduced into the Senate of New York, prohibiting the erection in that state of any Theatre within a certain distance of any Christian church.

At Aleppo, in Syria, a Firman was issued on the 12th of August last, prohibiting the sale of "the Bible, the Psalter, and the Gospels" in the dominions of the Sultan.

We learn that the Rev. Dr. Milledoler of New York, has been appointed Presi dent of the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J. in the place of the Rev. Dr. Livingston, deceased.

General Armstrong, former minister in France and afterwards Secretary of War, is engaged in writing a History of the Revolutionary Contest. He is qualified for this task both as an actor in that contest and a skilful writer.

INDIA.

HAPPY SUCCESS OF MISSIONARY LABOURS IN THE ISLAND OF CEYLON.

Accounts have lately reached this country, from the American missionaries in Ceylon, of the happy, and it is hoped saving influence, of evangelical truth, among some of the natives-principally among the children of the missionary schools, at the several stations in that island. These accounts all agree in the main particulars-Mr. Carey, a Baptist Missionary from India, now in Philadelphia, has put into our hands the account that is given in The Missionary Herald of India of this hopeful work of divine grace among the pagans. It is contained in an extract of one letter, and the whole of another, written by a missionary on the spot. It is perhaps a little more particular than the ac

counts which have already been published, but in general so much the same, that we have supposed the letter alluded to in the extract has been copied. Some other information of a pleasing kind is contained in the letter from which the extract is made. We shall first give, from the American Missionary Herald, a statement of the Missionary stations, and the names of the missionaries residing at them; and then the extract and letter to which we have referred.The account will thus be rendered. the more intelligible.

Ceylon-A large island in the Indian sca, separated from the coast of Coromandel by a channel, called the Straits of Manaar. Length 300 miles, breadth 200. Population 1,500,000. It constitutes one of the British governments in India, but

is not under the control of the East India Company.

The missionaries of the Board are in