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who, it is said, has declared that he will hang its commander when he shall be taken, JULY. and make a terrible example of the subordinate officers. We hope he will not do this; as the example seems no longer necessary in South America, where the Patriots are completely triumphant. Not a single life ought to be taken in war, beyond what is necessary to shorten the sanguinary conflict, and thus be, in effect, a saving of hu man life.

The Constituent Congress of Peru had decreed to Bolivar an equestrian statue, in the capital of the State, and ordered that a medal should be struck with his bust, and this inscription-"To our Liberator, Simon Bolivar;" and also that the sum of one million of dollars should be given to him, and another million to the army under his command. In a very respectful letter, he accepted the honour of the medal, and thanked them for their liberality to his army, which he eulogized greatly; but he utterly refused the statue, or to receive any pecuniary compensation for himself. This was truly magnanimous. He had resigned his dictatorial power; but it had been conferred on him anew, although he had deprecated it strongly, on the 10th of March, with such an enlargement as to make him absolute, even over the constitution and laws of the country. In fact, the most despotick prince that ever reigned, never possessed a more unlimited control, than the Constituent Congress of Peru have voted to Bolivar. He appears to possess the entire confidence of all descriptions of the people, and from what has taken place already, we hope he will not abuse it; and that he will again resign his power at the proper period. But when a people thus put themselves at the absolute disposal of a single man, and authorize him to be and to do what he pleases, it shows that they not only confide in his wisdom, virtue and prowess, but that they greatly distrust their own. No man would have ever been so trusted and empowered-not Washington himself, to be like whom is now the high praise of Bolivar-by the Continental Congress of our revolution. But our circumstances, although critical enough, were never like those of the Peruvians. We are not certain that the Peruvian Congress have not done the best they could do. For ourselves, at least, we certainly would rather trust Bolivar than trust them-in any manner, and to any extent, that could be named. And yet we think it a good indication, that they are sensible of their situation-sensible of the divisions, treacheries, and every kind of danger, foreign and domestick, to which a state can be exposed.

BRAZILS.-The emperor of the Brazils, having quelled, for a time at least, an insur. rection against his authority to the north of his capital, is called to attempt the same to the south. A serious revolt has taken place at Monte Video. The hostile parties, at the last accounts, were arraying their forces. What will be the issue, time will disclose-We know not when, but we augur that eventually and before long, there will be no emperor on the American continent.

The general state of our sister republicks in the south, is in a high degree promising. We cannot, every month, notice all that the publick papers state in detail. At present these republicks are busily and successfully employed, both in ordering their domestick concerns, and in forming, or preparing to form, foreign alliances, and arrangements for commercial intercourse: and what gratifies us most of all is, there seems to be plain indications that religious intolerance is likely before long to be at an end; and a better understanding of the rights of conscience, than has heretofore been possessed, is gradually and pretty rapidly gaining ground. In Mexico, one branch of the legislature, the Senate, was making much difficulty about agreeing to some stipulations of the British treaty. But we have little doubt that they will ultimately yield. A congress of all the republicks was expected soon to assemble, at the Isthmus of Panama.

UNITED STATES.-If our space would admit, we should state at some length the cause of an excitement in Georgia, which seems to threaten the quiet, but not we think the safety, or integrity, of the federal union. But this we must delay till the coming month. Indeed we wish, before we make a statement, to know a little more than we know at present. But nothing can justify the intemperate, if it be not treasonable, language of the governor, and his friend, Mr. Lampkin, in regard to the general government. The state of mind that dictated this language, must either be one to command unmingled pity, or unqualified reprobation, from every sober American.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

The communication of our esteemed correspondent, who publishes in our pages the account of his Travels in Europe in 1820, did not reach us till it was too late to appear in our present number.-The same was the case with "Transatlantick Recollections." Both shall appear in our next.

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LECTU ES ON THE SHORTER CATECHISM OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMELY OF DIVINES-ADDRESSED TO YOUTH.

LECTURE XV.

Contin Continued from p. 292.) But it is infinitely more important to consider the wiles of the adversary who lay concealed under the serpent, than to determine what was the original form of that animal. The account given of the temptation of our first mother, like every other part of the narrative, is very short and comprehensive. Yet comprehensive as it is, enough is said to show that the subtlety of the great deceiver was all exerted on the occasion. Nothing can be imagined more artful and insidious than his temptation. He begins with an inquiry addressed to the woman, in regard to the prohibition by the Creator of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. She answers it in a manner seemingly calculated to justify the divine prohibition of the interdicted tree, and to magnify the bounty of God in granting liberty to eat of all beside. The adversary then proceeds to question and deny the penalty of death, and in such manner as seems to intimate that possibly Eve had inistaken it; and yet carrying clearly the charge both of cruelty and falsehood, against the great Creator. Eve listens, deliberates, and is lost. She appears to have hesitated for some time; to VOL. III.-Ch. Adv.

have viewed the tree attentively, to have strengthened her desire of eating by the view, and thus to have gained resolution to perpetrate the fatal act.

Ah! my young friends, remember while you live, this tampering with temptation by our first mother; and while, at this hour, you feel its consequences, follow not the fatal example. Remember it as a warning; and especially in youth, while the passions are ardent and the fancy is active. It was written for our learning. Remember that if you begin to parley with temptation, you are undone. Repel the tempter without listening to him. If he can gain your fancy and your passions, he will certainly succeed. Obsta principiis.-Dash from you, with abhorrence, the poisoned cup, the moment it is presented. Never listen to temptation-Never make it a question whether you will comply or not. Never suffer it to become the subject of meditation-There it first pollutes the soul. Look upon it, and think of it, and you will comply. Remember too that all seducers, and tempters to sin, are acting the part of Satan. If you listen to them you are lost. Hear them not; repel them with abhorrence, scorn and indignation. Avoid temptation, likewise, as far as possible. "Euter not into the path of the wicked, and not in the way go of evil men. Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away." 2U

The woman having fallen became the tempter of man." She gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat." We are not told by what particular temptations or allurements Adam was induced to comply. Nothing was ever more beautifully imagined than what Milton has said, on the manner in which Adam was prevailed on to share the ruin of his fallen wife. Still, it may be nothing more than imagination. What was the fact we are not told, and therefore can never know. The apostle Paul, in enjoining a due subjection of the woman to the man, tells us that "Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived, was in the transgression." But it clearly appears, by the context of that passage, that the apostle's assertion is to be confined to the first deception -He was not first deceived-How much deception was actually practised in his fall, we do not know. Probably there was less of it in the whole process, than in the case of Eve; and of course that his guilt was, on this account, greater than her's. On another account it was certainly greater. He was the proper head and representative of the human race. Had he retained his integrity, notwithstanding the fall of Eve, both he and his posterity would have been safe. She would doubtless have received the due reward of her guilt, and another help-mete would have been provided for him. But he yielded to the considerations, whatever they were, which assaulted his innocence and integrity. He ate of the forbid den fruit. He mingled his guilt and his destiny with that of his wife. The united head of the human family thus became sinful and corrupt; and the contamination will reach the remotest of their offspring.

It belongs to a subsequent answer in the catechism, to show the accumulated guilt which was involved in this transgression, and the effects which it produced on our first

parents. In the mean time, the present lecture will be conclded with a few inferences of a pratical kind, from what you have herd.

1. From what you have herd in this lecture, you may plaity see that a single act of sin maydraw after it an endless train of fatal consequences. It is true, ideed, that the sinful acts of no dividual of mankind since the fall, ever was, or ever will be, o extensively connected with injury to others, as was the eating of the forbidden fruit by our first pirents. Yet in very numerous instances still, the effects of one violation of the moral law of God may be seen in a train of evils and sufferings, of the most mournful kind-not to be avoided in this life, and often extending into the eternal, world. Think, for an illustration of this, of the single acts of unbridled anger; producing murder, maiming, dueling, and personal injuries innumerable; and of cupidity-as witnessed in theft, forgery, perjury, lying, fraud, and falsehood in a thousand forms. Think in how many instances one act of libidinous indulgence has blasted for ever the hopes of female youth and beauty; brought dishonour on a whole family, and broken a father's and a mother's heart. Think of the single acts of traitors and tyrants, by which thousands have lost their lives and liberties, and whole nations have been desolated and clothed in mourning. Think of these things, and learn from them that the first constitution of God is still in a measure continued; learn how extensively our destinies are still connected one with another; and how great is our responsibility both to God and man, to avoid the cause and origin of such extended evils. You cannot, my dear youth, be too watchful against temptation, and all excitements to those acts of transgression, one of which may indelibly stain your character, and blast your prospects, and diminish

your influence and usefulness, for the whole of life; may bring misery and disgrace on others, and put at a fearful hazard the eternal destinies both of them and of yourselves. But remember too, that your own unaided vigilance will not be sufficient to protect you. They only are well kept whom God keeps. Unless you are guarded by his providence and grace, you will certainly fall, notwithstanding all your purposes of care and watchfulness. By daily prayer, therefore, seek the grace and protection of God, which alone can effectually preserve you; and which, if you obtain, you will certainly be safe.

2. In view of the subtlety and power of the great adversary of souls, how consoling is it to the true believer, to think that he is in covenant with that Saviour who has vanquished Satan; who came to destroy the work of the devil; and who will keep all his faithful people from being tempted above what they are able to bear?

When we reflect that such was the skill, artifice and influence, of the malignant spirit that seduced our first parents, that he prevailed against them, when they had no corrupt nature, no sinful propensities, to which he might address his temptations; and that we have a nature and propensities which are the allies, as it were, of all his vile suggestions, when we consider, too, that he has increased his subtlety by the experience of six thousand years, and that the best saint on earth is sanctified but in partwe may see, that not one of our fallen race has any security against being for ever undone, but from being a member of the mystical body of Christ. Yes, here is our only safety. If sinless, perfect man, standing in his own strength, fell before the sagacity and snares of Satan, he would be sure to make a prey of every sinful and imperfect man, if that man were left to himself. But the people of God are never left to themselves; they are

not expected to stand in their own strength; and to make them attempt it, is one of the wiles of their great adversary, by which, more perhaps than by any other, he does them a temporary injury. They however are the blood-bought property of their Redeemer and none on earth or in hell is able to pluck them out of his and his Father's hand. Made one with their Almighty Saviour, his honour is concerned to preserve them unto his heavenly kingdom. He has conquered and triumphed over the great enemy of their souls; who cannot ever tempt them, farther than he is permitted by Christ, their spiritual head-by him who has promised that his grace shall be sufficient for them, and that in every temptation he will make a way for their escape, that they may be able to bear it. Here is their security-While, therefore, they are exhorted to be sober and vigilant, knowing that their "adversary, the devil, as a roaring lion goeth about seeking whom he may devour," and are enjoined to resist him steadfastly, they have the comfort to know that, in so doing, they will at last come off conquerors and more than conquerors. Their adversary may, for wise purposes, be permitted, for a time and to a certain extent, to vex and worry them, but he can never lastingly injure or destroy them. They are "kept by almighty power through faith unto salvation;" and the period will shortly arrive, when they will escape for ever beyond all the assaults of Satan, temptation and sin; and when all their present trials and conflicts, will but serve to increase the eternal weight of glory, in which they shall share with their reigning and triumphant Lord.

Be persuaded, my dear youth, to seek with unceasing diligence a vital union with this precious and all-sufficient Saviour. Without this, all your purposes and plans of avoiding even the worst of crimes, may prove abortive; or if by the

good providence and restraining
grace of God, you shall be pre-
served from scandalous and enor-
mous sins, yet unless a living faith
unites you to the Lord Jesus
Christ, you will assuredly lose your
souls at last, and be for ever the
companions of the devil and his
angels. Be very sensible of this;
let it dwell constantly on your
minds; let it preserve you from
satisfying yourselves with an ami-
able exterior, or with any mere
formal attention to religion. Be not
satisfied till "know in whom
you
you have believed, and that he is
able to keep that which have
committed to him, against that
day."—Amen.

you

FOR THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE,

CHRISTIAN EMIGRATION.

It appears to us that the great and general want of ministers of the gospel, and of all Christian ordinances and institutions, in our new and extensive settlements, is, in a considerable degree, owing to great criminality in professing Christians themselves, who have rashly removed beyond the region of gospel light, to one of a darkness of which they now loudly and justly complain; but which, as we think, they ought to have foreseen and avoided, and therefore have too much reason to consider as a divine chastisement. That men who do not believe in divine revelation, or even that those who profess to believe it, but are destitute of practical piety, should have a light sense of the privileges and blessings of the gospel, and of course should remove beyond their reach, without much care or concern, is no great cause of wonder: although shrewd When we introduced the letter to men, even of this description, have James Douglass, esq. of Cavers, the often been deeply sensible of the latter part of which was inserted in value of religious institutions, as our last number, we intimated our providing for the education of youth, intention "to say something on one and as conducive to the peace and topick which is peculiar to the state good order of society. But every of things in this country." We had practical Christian considers true rein view the importance of conduct-ligion as the "one thing needful,"— ing emigrations to our distant frontiers, in a manner more favourable to the Christian edification and improvement of the emigrants, than any which has hitherto been witnessed. The want of Christian instruction and Christian institutions, among the inhabitants of the the new states, territories, and settlements of the American Union, is indeed most deplorable; and presents a prospect truly appalling to the reflecting and pious mind. The probable state of things a few years hence, as to morals and religion, and we may add, political principles and civil institutions too, throughout these extensive regions, is fitted to sadden the heart of every real Christian, and every true patriot; unless more adequate means shall be employed, than any which have as yet been either used or devised, to preserve the people from barbarism, immorality, and impiety.

as eminently calculated to promote human happiness in this world, and as essential to the well being of every child of Adam in a future and eternal state. He regards it, in a word, as the most important concern on earth; never to be sacrificed to any worldly considerations whatever, but to be sacredly preserved and cherished, although poverty, and contempt, and death itself, be the price of its preservation. Without such an estimate of true religion, no man can be a practical Christian. How then, we ask, can men of such views and such a spirit, remove themselves and their families entirely beyond the sound of the gospel?-beyond the reach of nearly all those means which, by the appointment of God, are ordinarily necessary, both to the conversion of sinners and to the edi fication and comfort of his own people?-beyond sermons, and sacra

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