anticipated confusion and riot, we found all still and orderly, along the beach; except here and there a group, and a very large assemblage near the residence of the queen, who lifted up their voices and wept aloud. All that we saw excited our sympathy and affection, rather than any disgust or horror. The nearest relations were still beside the corpse, and presented a most affecting spectacle; especially the little prince and princess, who appeared entirely inconsolable. Hoapiri, with one of these in each arm, pressed me also to his bosom, exclaiming, "Keopuolani is gone to heaven, and we are left alone."

We had prayers with them this morning also; when the royal family, for the first time, made their appearance before the multitude, collected round the house of death. They were greeted with the loudest expressions of grief, not accompanied with personal violence. The scene was really frightful, and I could plainly see how the enthusiasm, to which the people wrought themselves, might be heightened to a phrensy, that would know no law. The king and Karaimoku were convulsed with weeping, but did not, like the rest of the family, wail after the manner of the heathen.

During the whole day, while preparations for the funeral were making, every thing exhibited signs of wo. The whole district sent forth one uninterrupted sound of lamentation and sorrow while large companies from distant settlements were covering the beach in sad procession, and rending the heavens with their cries. Minute guns have been fired since daybreak, and all the vessels at anchor, fifteen in number, have their yards canted, and wear their coJours at half mast. Many things that I have witnessed, have again called to mind the ancient customs of the Jews, in times of affliction-not only the "lifting up of the voice," and weeping aloud-but VOL. III.-Ch. Ady.

"the rending of the garment"— "the clothing in sackcloth," "and sitting in dust and ashes;" for all disfigure themselves as much as possible, by the coarsest, and most ragged and filthy attire, of old mats and tapa; whilst, in many cases, their heads are covered with dust and sand.

On meeting any high chief, they prostrate themselves on the ground, and redouble every expression of grief. I never witnessed such a scene as took place on the arrivai of Governor Adams, this afternoon; especially when the high chiefs and mourners came from the house in which the corpse lay, to meet him. I was near the governor at the time, surrounded by not less than 5000 of the natives, who seemed to become absolutely frantick, and ready to fall into any act of desperation that might cross their minds. Their wailings were indescribable, and inconceivable to one not present; and the noise was so overwhelming, that the minute guns could scarce be heard through the din.

The governor and chiefs, after approaching within 8 or 10 yards of each other, stood at least 15 minutes, wailing with the multitude, before they embraced each other, and returned to the house. I intend sending a sketch of this meeting to America, as I do not recollect to have seen any drawing of a similar scene.

Thursday, 18th.-Every thing being in readiness for the funeral of our departed friend, she was, at 2 o'clock to-day, deposited in a substantial mud and stone house, lately built for the princess. Her's is the first Christian funeral of a high chief, that has ever taken place on the islands; and will probably be a precedent for all future burials, among the heads of the nation. How different the rites of her sepulture from those of her fathers! They, since time unknown, have been dissected in se

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cret by their nearest friends; their flesh has been burned and cast into the sea, with many idolatrous observances, and their bones carefully preserved and worshipped-while she calmly awaits the resurrection, in the decent habiliments of a Christian's tomb. So anxious was she on this subject, that when in perfect health, months ago, she charged the king to allow of no former practices at her death; that they all belonged to the time " of dark hearts" that she had lived to see the light-had cast off all such things had surrendered herself to Jesus Christ-and wished her body to be given up to his people, the missionaries, to be buried according to their direction, and wherever they might think best.

In consequence of this charge, Mr. Ellis had the arrangement of the funeral, which was conducted with the greatest order and propriety. The concourse of people was very great, amounting to many thousands; but there was no greater irregularity or disturbance than there would have been among the same number in a Christian land, on a similar occasion. The bell rang at 12 o'clock, for the commencement of the religious exercises, which were held in the grove of trees near the queen's residence -the chapel being too small to contain even the chiefs. We all attended in mourning; and after a hymn, prayer and sermon, by Mr. Ellis, the procession, led by the American consul, was formed. The mission family walked next to the foreigners, who, to the number of 30 or 40, followed Mr. Jones. Next came the household, attendants, and favourite servants of Keopuolani, headed by her own steward and that of her daughter-then the corpse, covered with a rich pall, the bearers of which were the five queens of Rihoriho, and the daughters of Hoapiri, each also carrying a superb black Kahile-Then the nearest relatives and highest chiefs,

followed by a procession, of at least 6 or 7 hundred persons, principally chiefs of various ranks, and their favourites and friends. All in the procession were dressed in the European style, and generally in black, with appropriate badges of mourning. Among the attendants of the chiefs, however, there were a few scarlet and yellow feathers, mantles and capes; and a considerable company of females dressed in uniform, having scarlet paans, trimmed with black, and black shawls, followed in the rear of the procession. The bell tolled, and minute guns continued to be fired, till the body was deposited__in the place appointed for it. The relatives and high chiefs did not leave the place, but encamped immediately around the house; and are now busily engaged in erecting temporary booths; designing to live near the body for some time to come. It is indeed a great joy to us, my dear M. to have the dust of one so justly dear to us, committed thus decently and honourably to the tomb. Such a funeral that would have appeared respectable even in a Christian countryis a great triumph over the deep rooted superstitions and abominations of this nation, on such occasions; and deserves to be recorded as a remarkable epoch in this mission. For I am persuaded it has given a death blow among the chiefs, to their former burial rites and ceremonies. It is viewed in this light both by natives and foreigners, who are inimical to the influence of the mission. Such have openly spoken of it, as a triumph, which they would most gladly have defeated, and which has roused much of their hatred and abuse. Some of the chiefs most favourable to the innovation, have suffered much ridicule and sarcasm, for abandoning the customs of their fathers, and adopting the ceremonies of foreign nations. One chief, who is of a character to exult in

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the riot and debauchery of former times, and who looks on the restraints of civilization and piety with a malicious jealousy, ever since the death of the queen, has addressed one of the most serious and respectable of the chiefs, either in ignorant or wilful blasphemy, by the word "Jehovah." Such, how ever, is far from being the feeling of any one of much consequence

or authority; and only to-day, after the crowd had dispersed, Karamuoku was heard to say, as he took his seat by the king-" What fools we have been, to burn our dead and cast them into the sea; when we might thus have committed their bodies to the tomb, and have had the satisfaction of still dwelling near them."

MR. DUNGAN ON CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS..

(Continued from p. 324.) Agreeably to an intimation already given, we shall, with a view to abridge our labour, and yet to notice all that we think calls for notice in Mr. D.'s book, now consider, I. His strictures on his reviewer. II. His defence of himself. III. His arguments against creeds and confessions. We shall not be able to keep these divisions entirely distinct in the treatment; but we think that a general regard to them, will help both us and our readers to take a just view of the contents of Mr. D.'s book, with less prolixity than might otherwise be necessary.

Mr. D. addresses the editor of the Christian Advocate, as unquestionably the writer of the review of his sermon. Now, although it does by no means follow as a matter of course, that every review which appears in our pages is written by the editor, and therefore a less dashing man than Mr. D. would not have made this assumption without a little qualification or reserve, yet we have no disposition to plead not guilty on this endictment. The editor freely and fully exonerates every other human being, from any participation of guilt, if guilt there was, in writing that review. He must take it all

(To be continued.)

to himself, and endeavour to extenuate, if he cannot justify, what he has done; since the doing of it by him admits of no denial.

Mr. D. calls this review (p. xii.) "a piece of rude criticism." The term rude has a number of significations, but they are all resolvable into two, namely, ignorant and uncivil. Mr. D. therefore charges us with being either ignorant or uncivil-perhaps both. As to the first, we plead coram non judice. We are ignorant enough, we confess; but still we know we have a right to be tried by our peers, and we challenge Mr. D. from the jury, as not qualified to serve-And as to being uncivil, we do wish that the gentleman had thought a little on this subject, while he was writing, and when he delivered and printed, the sermon, which he thinks we have lacked civility in reviewing. After insulting the whole board of directors to their faces, and then publishing the insult to the world, the complaint of incivility comes from him with a very ill grace. It really puts us in mind of Johnson's remark on Milton-" Of evil tongues for Milton to complain, required impudence at least equal to his other powers." We have no more to say to this.

Mr. D. next indulges (p. xiif.) in a little of what we think all his readers will have considered, and probably called, vapouring. The

purport of it is, that if a young man had treated him as the old reviewer had treated him, "he might, perhapз"-QUOS EGO-said blustering Neptune to the saucy winds, and there stopped short. A high example! Mr. D. says, "I cannot strike my father, my heart would fail me." Doubtless thou art a tender hearted youth; but still thy father is not sorry that he is out of thy reach-That thou canst not strike him.

Mr. D. thinks it very hard (p. xiv.) that we should have said any thing that impeaches his integrity. Our preliminary remarks have already placed this point before our readers, in the light in which we view it; and we shall, by and by, see in what manner he makes his defence. In the mean time, we must take some particular notice of what, according to Mr. D. (p. xv.) "some writers would call a faise fact," in the statement contained in our former review. We are well persuaded that the writers to whom he here refers, must be only just such writers as himself; for we believe that every attentive reader of his book must have remarked, without any help from us, that every thing which implicates his integrity in our statement, is admitted, and even made worse, by his own. The only things in which we differ are two circumstances-that he did not read the formula audibly when he subscribed it at Princeton; and that he had subscribed it once before-when he must have read it audibly. The cause of this circumstantial difference shall be frankly explained; for we hold that a man is bound to correct even a circumstantial error, when it is made known to him-and though it be made known from no friendly motive.

We did verily think, when we wrote our former review, that Mr. D. read the formula audibly— we and others observed him narrowly inspecting it by himself-im

* VIRGIL, Eneid, B. I. 1. 139.

mediately before his subscription at Princeton; and we did not know that he had ever read or subscribed it previously. To this moment, we have no recollection of having ever seen Mr. D. in the Board of Directors, till we saw him among them at Princeton. But we are satisfied from his statement, and from that of other members, that he was hastily enrolled, shortly after his election, nearly a year before, at a meeting held in the gallery of the church, where the General Assembly was then sitting-with a view to preserve a quorum of members, to attend to any business that might demand the attention of the Board before the rising of the Assembly. Whether we were present, or not, at the time when Mr. D. was thus enrolled, we can neither affirm nor deny, as a matter of memory. But we do affirm and repeat, that we have not a trace of recollection that we were present. We thought that Mr. D.'s subscription at Princeton was the first and only one that he had made. It was made at the table where we were sitting; and it happened that our eyes were intently fixed on him at the time. The formula was read audibly, by one or two other new members, and we thought it had then been so read by him; for it is the established usage so to read it on a first subscription. We have now candidly explained the cause of our circumstantial error; and if we had in this, or in any other instance, were it only by inadvertence, done Mr. D. an injury, we should, on being apprized of it, feel that we were under sacred obligations to make him a serious acknowledgment. But the error which we have thought it right here to correct, has not been injurious to Mr. D. but altogether in his favour; and it had been better for him if he had given us no occasion to correct it; for, circumstances apart, he, by his own showing, did all that we said he did-and more. Our statement admitted of an apology in his