GROUNDS FOR HOPE AND PERSEVERANCE.
complished, like the operation of leaven in meal, without shivering the vessel.
The real grounds of trust as to the ultimate issue of this controversy, however, lie chiefly in the promises of the Bible. The progress of civil and religious liberty throughout the world has been greater since 1815, than ever before during the same period in its history. This progress has, generally speaking, been unattended with convulsions. Madagascar and Abyssinia have shut themselves up within their own borders, refusing to allow the further dissemination of Christian truth; while in India, Turkey, Egypt, and North America, the power or fear of the Saxon race has restrained persecution. In China, this fear may also curb the arm of opposition. The purposes of God go on to their accomplishment in the way best calculated to glorify him; and there, too, the wrath of man, which is likely to arise to oppose them, will be made to glorify him. He infinitely loves the race he has done so much to bless and redeem, and will direct all things to fulfil the end he had in view in commencing his designs of mercy. The reasons just adduced for supposing that the extension of religion, science, and justice, may be unattended with disturbance, are of a mixed character; all of them present something unfavorable as well as favorable, some good influences mixed with many bad ones. It affords the greatest encouragement to look through and beyond them all to the sure and final result. The evangelization of the people of China is far more important than the form of their government, the extent of their empire, or the existence of their present institutions. They can live as happily under other rule as under that of their own princes; they cannot find either security or liberty while the principles of their government remain as illiberal as they now are. Many influences will be called in to begin and direct this desirable work; but the greatest portion of the labor and suffer. ing in accomplishing it, will doubtless be done by natives, by Chinese of intelligence, piety, learning, and judgment. Diffusion of sound learning, improvement in the arts of life, increase in domestic comforts, elevation of the female character, reconstruction of the social system by giving woman her rightful place in it, interchange of thought with other nations and with themselves, -in a word, everything that can make them happier and better will flow from the progress of the religion of the Cross. The
way is opening and will enlarge, the mountains be levelled and the valleys filled up, until a free path is made for the introduction of all these blessings; and opposition will only add vigor to the determination of those who know and feel their value to persevere till all shall know them.
Few plans of usefulness demand more wisdom, prudence, and union on the part of the church than this, and the variety of agencies to be employed in so extensive a field will call for all her means. Trade, manufactures, facilities for travelling and transportation, development of the industry and resources of the country, political changes, and even commotions, may and probably will tend to the furtherance of this work. They, and those engaged in them, are all instruments in the hands of the same wise Governor of the nations, and although sometimes they apparently conflict with the rapid progress of truth and good order, still good is educed in the end. The introduction of China into the family of Christian nations, her elevation from her present state of moral, intellectual, and civil debasement, to that standing which she should take, and the free intercourse of her people and rulers with their fellowmen of other climes and tongues, is a great work, and a glorious one. It can only be done through the influences of the Gospel, and the truths and hopes of that system of religion are enough to do it. Through whatever scenes of commotion, war, and distress they are to pass, the Chinese cannot again seclude themselves as they have done, nor can they shut out these causes of change. The Gospel is the only sure means of guiding them through their troubles, it is the only system on which they can safely reconstruct their shattered framework. This has now commenced and must go on, and happy they who shall assist in the consummation. The promise which seems to refer to this people (Is. xlix., 17) has begun to be accomplished, and its encouraging nature offers a fit ending for the hasty sketch of the character and condition of the Chinese contained in these volumes.
"Behold these! from afar they shall come,
And behold these! from the north and from the west:
And these! from the LAND OF SINIM."
Abacus, principle of, ii., 146.
Abeel's trip to Tung-ngan, i., 115; instances
of Chinese falsity, li., 97; notice of in-
fanticide, ii., 261.
Academy at Peking, i., 340.
Agar-agar made from seaweed, ii. 404.
Agriculture, importance attached to it, ii.,
100; objects and utensils of agricultural
labor, ii, 103.
Almanac, its manner of preparation, ii., 152.
Altars to Heaven and Earth at Peking, i., 65.
Alum, its manufacture, i. 243; its export, ii.,
399.
Amber and ambergrise, ii., 405.
Americans, conduct of, in a case of homi-
cide, li., 457; trade to China, ii., 465; make
a treaty with China, ii., 585; commit a
homicide at Canton, ii., 587.
Amoy, its size, i., 114; dialect spoken there,
i., 491; hospital at, ii., 352; mission at, ii.,
362; trade at, ii., 449; taken by the Eng-
lish, ii., 541.
Amusements of the Chinese, ii., 89; peace-
ful character, ii., 91.
Anatomy of human body, ii., 180.
Ancestral worship of Chinese, ii., 259; hall
and its uses, ii., 268; nature of this wor-
ship, ii, 269; disputes respecting it, ii.,
308.
Anglo-Chinese College at Malacca, ii., 332.
Animals of China, I., 247; those used in
agriculture, ii., 101.
Aniseed stars, a spice, ii., 399.
Ant-eater, or pangolin, i., 257.
Aphorisms of the Lun Yu, i., 520.
Arab travellers to China, ii., 423; account
of mode of travelling, ii., 431.
Arabdan, khan of the Songares, i., 186.
Architecture of the Chinese, ii., 3; of shops,
ii.. 10; reasons for little advance in, li.,
178.
Army of China, its numbers and pay, i.,
238; its regulation, i., 332; disposal of
garrisons, i., 351; its effectiveness, ii., 158;
uniforms, ii., 161; character of one of its
generals, ii., 554.
Arms in use, ii., 159; number and names of
those taken at Shanghai, ii., 555.
Arts of the Chinese, their simplicity, i.,
113; expenditure of human labor, ii., 112;
imitation of foreign arts, ii., 142.
Assembly halls in Chinese cities, i., 100;
their arrangement, ii., 13.
Astronomical College at Peking, i., 342.
Astronomy, attainments made in, 11., 147;
cycle used in, ii., 148; Tsinglai's ideas of,
ii., 150.
Attachés of officers, i., 348.
Authors, native, upon geography,, 43; on
natural history, I., 248.
Average population of Europe and China,
i., 216.
Azalea much prized by Chinese, i., 288.
Ballad on picking tea, i., 577.
Balls, spherical, mode of carving them, ii.,
140.
Bamboo, its various uses, i., 276.
Banditti numerous in China, i., 393.
Barbers' mode of shaving, i., 31; their
treatment of the eyes, ii., 187.
Barkoul, a town in Kansuh, i., 173.
Barrow's notice of Hangchau fu, i., 96; de-
scription of a bridge, ií., 26.
Batavia, mission at, ii., 335.
Beale's aviary at Macao, i., 264.
Beggars in towns and streets, ii, 16, 283.
Belles-lettres, their character and variety,
i., 542.
Bellows of the Chinese, il., 113.
Bells cast by the Chinese, i., 64; ii., 115.
Belur-tag, or Onion mountains, i., 9.
Betel-nut, a masticatory, ii., 404.
Benevolent institutions in China, ii., 280.
Betrothment, when performed, ii., 54; cere-
monies attending it, ii., 55; evils resulting
from its haste, ii., 64.
Bible translated into Chinese, ii., 328; dis-
tributed along the coast, ii., 340; mode
and effects of the distribution, ii, 342;
revision, ii., 373.
Biche-de-mer imported into China, ii., 404.
Birds of China, their variety, i., 258.
Birdsnests, an article of food, ii., 405.
Birthday celebration, ii, 79; of Yuh-hwang
Shangti, ii., 248.
Blacksmith's portable shop, ii., 139.
Boards, Six, in government, Civil office, i.,
329; Revenue, i., 330; Rites, i., 331; War,
i., 332; Punishments, i., 333; Works, i., 334.
Boats of various kinds, ii., 21; fast-boats,
ii., 23.
Books, appearance and manufacture, i., 478;
price and numbers, i., 479; burnt by Tsin,
ii., 212.
Books, Chinese, quoted:
Chun Tsiu, or Annals, i., 512
Chung Yung, or True Medium, i., 517.
Geographical works, i., 43, ii., 153.
Hiau King, i., 512.
Kang Chih Tu Shi, a work on Agricul-
ture, i., 553.
Kanghi Tsz' Tien, a Dictionary, i., 468.
Kia Pau, or Family Jewels, i., 425.
Li Ki, or Book of Rites, 1., 509.
Liau Chai, or Pastimes of the Study, 1., 561.
Lun Yu, or Conversations, i., 519.
Nui Hioh, or Female Instructor, i., 454.
Pei Wan Yun Fu, a Thesaurus of charac-
ters, 1., 540.
Pih Kia Sing, or Century of Surnames, i.,
531.
Pun Tsau or Herbal, i., 248; i., 288; i., 560.
San Kwoh Chi, or the History of Three
States, i., 544.
Santsz' King. i., 428.
Shan-hai King, i, 267.
Shi King, or Book of Odes, i., 506.
Shing Yu, or Sacred Commands, i., 554.
Shu King, or Book of Records, i., 504; II.,
147.
Sian Hioh, or Juvenile Instructor, i., 423;
i., 538.
Siu Shin Ki, or Records of the Gods, ii.,248.
Sz' Fu Tsiuen Shu Tsung-muh, i., 502.
Sz' Ki, or Historical Memoirs, i., 543.
Ta Hioh, or Superior Lessons, i., 516.
Ta Tsing Liuh Li, i., 300.
Ta Tsing Hwui Tien, i., 319.
Tsien Tsz' Wan, or Millenary Classic, i.,
Tsui-mi Shan Fang Sho Hioh, ii., 146.
Yih King, or Book of Changes, i., 502.
Yu Hioh, or Odes for Children, i., 534.
Borneo, mission in, ii., 335.
Botany of China, i., 275.
Boundaries of the Chinese empire, i., 5; of
the Eighteen provinces, i., 21.
Brass leaf, its uses, ii., 114; an export, ii.,
400.
Bribery common, i., 377; instance of, ii., 387.
Bridge of boats at Ningpo, i., 99; construc-
tion of stone bridges, ii., 25.
Bronze figures and mirrors, ii., 115.
Budhism, its tenets, ii., 251; similarity to
Romanism, ii, 257; employment of its
priests, ii., 273.
Budhist priesthood in Tibet, i., 198; in
China, ii., 250; ridicule of their faith, i.,
557; their founder, ii., 249.
Buffalo of China, i., 251; used in rice culti-
vation, ii, 101.
Bullion, or sycee, regulations respecting, ii.,
Burial places in China, i., 220, ii., 265.
Cabinet, or Nui Koh, its members, i., 324.
Camellia, many kinds cultivated, i., 285;
allied to the tea, ii., 127.
Camphor, how prepared, ii., 137; export of,
ii., 108.
Canal, Grand, its length, i., 28; appearance,
i., 39; its banks, i., 75.
Candles made from vegetable tallow, ii., 108.
Canfu, a port in Chehkiang, ii., 423; its pre-
sent condition, i., 107.
Cangue, or movable pillory, i., 411.
Canton, its climate, i., 47; its position, i.,
128; description, i., 130; tankia people at,
i., 321; dialect spoken there, i., 490;
crowded streets, ii., 15; mission at, ii.,
339; hospital at, ii., 346; missionaries in,
ii., 360; riot at, ii, 506, 567, 575; attack-
eu and ransomed by the English, ii., 559.
Cards, visiting, ii., 70; invitation, ii., 73.
Caricatures, ii., 177.
Carts and wagons miserably made, ii., 19.
Carving of the Chinese, ii., 140.
Cassia, how prepared for market, ii., 137
its export, ii., 400.
Censorate, its duties, i., 337; effect of this
body, i., 339.
Censors, reports from, i., 379, 449.
Censuses of population, i., 208; cannot be
verified, i., 225; objections to, i., 232.
Ceremonies an important feature of govern-
ment, i., 332; between guest and host, i.,
539: in society, ii., 68; of ploughing, ii.
108; on a person's decease, ii., 262.
Changchau fu, visit to, i., 116; bridge at, ii,
26.
Changling, premier of China, i., 354, 359.
Chapu, attack upon, i., 106; garrisoned, ii-,
547; battle at, ii., 551.
Characters of the language, six kinds, 1,
461; total number, i., 466; variants among
them, i., 470; mode of learning, I., 499.
Charms worn upon the person, il., 272.
Chau dynasty, its founder Wu wang, il,
209; its dissolution, ii., 211.
Checks upon officers in their position, L.,
351: popular checks, i., 364; to tyranny,
i. 418.
Chehkiang, its productions, i., 93; great po-
pulation, i., 232; military operations in, ii,
543.
Chemistry, little known, ii., 179.
Chess and draughts of Chinese, ii., 90.
China, names given to the country, i., 2;
its area, i., 5; aspect, i., 34; its revenue,
i., 234; its extent in the Tang dynasty,
ii., 218; intercourse with, ii., 417; opened
to foreigners, ii., 578; result of future in-
tercourse, ii., 597.
Chinese, their physical characteristics, L,
36; national development, i., 40; advance-
ment affected by their langnage, i., 459;
notion of foreign countries, ii., 2; morals,
ii., 95; moral standard, ii., 98; imitation,
ii., 143; their history, ii., 193; their origin,
ii., 200; religious character, ii., 231; mis-
sions among them, ii., 290; efforts to sup-
press opium, ii.. 401.
Ching-hwang miau in Canton, i., 133; one
in Shanghai, ii., 239.
Chinhai, near Ningpo, i., 101; battle at, and
capture of, ii., 543.
Chinkiang fu, its position, i., 85; attacked
by the English, ii., 559.
Cholera and small-pox prevalent, ii., 190.
Chopsticks, why so called, ii., 74.
Christianity introduced by Nestorians. ii.,
290; by Roman Catholics, ii., 299; perse-
cuted by Yungching, ii, 313; edict of
toleration, ii., 368; obstacles in way of,
ii., 378; a remedy for evils of China, ii.,
599.
Chronology of the Chinese not incredible,
ii., 199; its eras, ii., 200; early dates of,
ii., 203.
Chu fuyuen of Canton, his address, i., 365.
Chu Hí, his residence, i., 93; his work for
beginners, i., 538; his principles of philo-
sophy, i., 550; his religious opinions, fi,
237.
Chu kiang, or Pearl river, i., 127; boats up-
on it, ii., 21.
Chusan archipelago, i., 102; island taken
by the English, ii., 528; retaken, ii., 542.
Chwangtsz', a writer of the Rationalists, ii.,
245.
Civilization of China, i., 297; compared
with other countries, ii., 52.
Clans found among the Chinese, i., 385.
Classical works, their character, i., 435;
number and antiquity, i., 502; their influ-
ence, i., 511.
Climate of China, i., 44; of Manchuria, i.,
159; of Mongolia, i., 164; of Tibet, i., 191.
Coal found in China, i., 241.
Coast of China, its character, I., 21; islands
near it, i., 23.
Cobdo, a province of Mongolia, i., 169.
Coffins, form and value of, ii., 263; mode of
disposing of, ii., 271.
Colonial Office, or Li Fan Yuen, i., 335.
Colonies belonging to the empire, i., 152.
Commerce of China, ii., 381; its extent and
facilities, ii., 396; inland, ii., 398; tables
of foreign, ii., 411.
Commissariat departments in the provinces,
i., 349.
Commissioners sent to the provinces, i.,
351.
Confession of official delinquency, i., 367.
Confucius, his birthplace, i., 74; remarks
upon filial duty, i., 513; his knowledge of
his countrymen, i., 519; his aphorisms,
i., 520; sketch of his life, i., 526; estimate
of his genius, i., 530; meets a boy, i., 535;
remarks upon friendship, i., 539; his reli-
gious opinions, ii., 236; visits Lautsz', ii.,
Debts, mode of recovering, ii., 78.
Deer and wild sheep, i., 252.
Degrees, four literary, i., 436; sale of, 1., 449.
Deluge, one spoken of in history, ii., 202.
Dent requested to go into Canton, ii., 511.
Diagrams of the Yih King, i., 503.
Dialects of the Chinese language, i., 488.
Dictionaries in the Chinese language, i., 467.
Dinners of the Chinese, ii., 73.
Diseases most prevalent, ii., 187; their clas-
sification, ii., 191.
Dishes, at dinner, succession of, ii., 74.
Divisions of China, i., 7; of the provinces,
i., 50.000
Divorces not common, ii., 62.
Dog of China, i., 250.
Domestic animals, i., 251.
Dragon of the Chinese, i., 267; emblem of
imperial power, i., 309.
Dragon boats, festival of, ii., 82
Dramas of the Chinese, i., 581.
Dress of the Chinese, ii., 29; its materials
and parts, ii., 30; female costume, ii., 33.
Dutch come to China, ii., 437.
Dwarfing trees, ii., 108.
Dwellings of the Chinese, il., 3; their plan,
ii., 5; mode of lighting and warming, ii.,
6; huts of the poor, ii., 8; on the water,
ii., 22; decorated at newyear, ii., 77.
Dynasties of the Chinese, the Hia, ii., 204;
the Shang, ii., 208; the Chau, ii., 209; the
Han, ii., 213; their synopsis, ii., 229.
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Dances not known, ji., 173.
Daourian Mountains, i., 8.
Davis's account of Canal, i., 28; notice of
Duke Ho, i., 67; proceeds to Canton with
a force, ii., 594.
De Guignes' remarks on roads, i., 33; at
Hangchau, i., 97; upon the population, i.,
211; on naming foreign things, ii., 1.
Dead, ceremonies in burying the, ii., 263.
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