As the direct intercourse between the United States and GreatBritain was open but a part of the year 1810, only about thirty-six millions of pounds was shipped directly to that country. During that year, however, more than five millions was shipped to Sweden; more than fourteen millions to Denmark and Norway; about nine millions to Spain, Portugal, and Madeira; four millions to the Azores, and ten millions to the Floridas; the greatest part of which undoubtedly went to Great-Britain.

Europe is, and always must be dependent upon other quarters of the world, for a supply of cotton. Her climate is, for the most part, too cold for the production of this valuable plant. Some small quantities have been raised in the southern parts of Spain and Italy. The French government, under Bonaparte, attempted to introduce the culture of it in France. In 1807, a distinguished agriculturalist, Monsieur Lasteyrie, was employed by the French government to give instructions, relative to the culture of the cotton plant. He published a treatise on the subject, entitled "Du Cotonnier, et de sa culture," in which he gives an account of the various kinds of cotton, in different parts of the world, and the modes of cultivating it. The Minister of the Interior also, at the same time, sent a circular letter to the Prefects of all the Departments, requesting their particular attention, to the cultivation of cotton, and informing them that he had sent for cotton seed, to Spain, Italy, and North-America, to be distributed to the different Departments, and offering a premium of one franc* for every kilogramme (two pounds English) of cotton raised and cleaned ready for spinning. It is understood that the experi

*A franc is about twenty cents, making a premium of about ten cents for a pound of cotton.

ment, if ever made, did not succeed. France has received a great part of her cotton fabrics, particularly those of the finer kind, from Great-Britain. Monsieur Lasteyrie himself states that the value of cotton goods imported into France from England, in 1806, amounted to 65,000,000 francs, or about $13,000,000.

He also states the quantity of cotton imported into France, from the year 5 of the republic, (1796) to 1806, to be as follows, viz.

The annual average of cotton, therefore, imported into France, from 1796 to 1806, was only fifteen millions seven hundred ninetyfour thousand and eight hundred pounds. The whole quantity imported into France, during this period, did not exceed the quantity exported from the United States, in the years 1810 and 1811.

The following is the quantity exported from the United States to France, from 1800 to 1816.

During the continuance of our commercial restrictions, and the late war between the United States and Great-Britain, the manufacture of cotton increased very rapidly in this country. Additions were made to old manufacturing establishments, and many new ones were formed, with large capitals, in every part of the union.

On the return of peace, these establishments were depressed, in consequence of the vast influx and low price of cotton goods from Great-Britain. The manufacturers, therefore, petitioned Congress for aid and protection, by the imposition of additional duties on imported cotton fabrics; and in the new tariff of duties established in April, 1816, additional duties were imposed on imported cottons, with a view to afford encouragement and protection to the American manufacturer.

Whether these additional duties will afford the manufacturers sufficient aid, to enable them to continue their establishments on the return of regular commerce, time must determine. The great quantity and low price of imported cottons, since the peace, has hitherto kept them in a state of depression. By statements submitted to Congress, by the manufacturers, the following estimate was made, of the amount of capital and number of hands employed, in the various establish

ments in the United States, together with the quantity of cotton manufactured, and number of yards of cloth made in the year 1815, viz.—

Capital, estimated at

Males employed from the age of 17 and upwards

Women and female servants

Boys under 17 years of age

Cotton-wool manufactured, 90,000 bales, amounting

$40,000,000

10,000

66,000

24,000

27,000,000

Number of yards of cotton goods of various kinds 81,000,000 Cost, averaging 30 cents per yard,

$24,300,000

An estimate of the increase of the manufacturing establishments, at different periods, from 1800 to 1815, was as follows:

The above estimates were supposed, by some, to be exaggerated. The extent of the United States, and other circumstances, must render it difficult to obtain precise information on such a subject; and estimates of this kind must, in some degree, be conjectural. It was believed, however, by those well acquainted with the subject, that the estimates above stated were not far from the truth. The extent and magnitude of the establishments far exceeded the expectations of those who had not made them an object of enquiry; and none can doubt that they merit the aid and patronage of the state and national legisla

tures.

FLAX-SEED, INDIGO, &c. &c.

The other articles of export, the produce of agriculture, are flaxseed, indigo, wax, flax, poultry, &c. The principal of these are flaxseed and indigo. In the year 1770, three hundred twelve thousand six hundred and twelve bushels of flax-seed were exported from the

North-American Colonies, of which six thousand seven hundred and eighty went to England, three hundred five thousand and eightythree to Ireland, and seven hundred forty-nine to the South of Europe. The custom-house value of it was then £31,168 18 1 sterling, or about $139,000.

The following is an account of the quantity exported from the United States from 1791 to 1816, with its value since 1803, viz.

Flax-seed has been generally shipped to Ireland.