J81 896 V.20 Copyright, 1911, 1912, 1913. BY BUREAU OF NATIONAL LITERATURE 1112, 1157. Extension of time allowed commissioners for settlement of, recommended, 1267. Minister of United States to, 557. Treaty with, referred to, 1195. Narragansett Indians. (See Indian Tribes.) Nashville Convention.-The Mississippi State convention of 1849 suggested to other Southern States the feasibility of holding conventions to make some public expression on the slavery question and the encroachAcments of Northern antislavery men. cordingly, a convention was called in Nashville, Tenn., in June, 1850, composed of delegates from all the Southern States. The Wilmot Proviso and the Missouri Compromise were disapproved of by this meeting. Delegates from Texas, Mississippi, and South Carolina advocated open resistance to Federal authority, but more conservative action prevailed. The convention met again in November, but only moderate resolutions were passed. Nashville (Tenn.), Battle of.-After the battle of Franklin, Nov. 30, 1864, Gen. Schofield retreated to Nashville, closely followed by Hood, who formed his lines near that city Dec. 4. Reenforcements were sent to Thomas at Nashville, swelling his forces to 56,000 men. Dec. 15 Thomas's army advanced against Hood. The day was consumed in manoeuvering and skirmishing. There were not many killed or wounded, but the results of the day's operations were the driving of the Confederates from every position held by them and the capture of 16 guns, 1,200 prisoners, 40 wagons, and The several hundred stand of small arms. Union forces bivouacked on the field and renewed the attack the next morning. 4 o'clock in the afternoon the Confederates were in retreat toward Franklin. They were pursued until Dec. 28, when Hood crossed the Tennessee with the remnants of his army. The loss in killed and wounded was comparatively light, but 53 guns and 4,875 Confederate prisoners were captured. Nashville, The, mentioned, 6765, 6766, 6767, 6768, 6769, 6836, 6838. Nassau, Duchy of: By Convention with, 2303. Exequatur issued_consul of, revoked, 3709. ment of the government, investigate, examine, experiment and report upon any subject of science of art, the actual expense of such investigations, examinations, experiments and reports to be paid from appropriations which may be made for the purpose; but the academy shall receive no compensation whatever for any services to the Government of the United States." The first meeting was held April 22, 1863, and Alexander D. Bache was elected president. Originally the membership was limited to fifty. This limit was removed in 1870, but the policy remained exclusive, election being regarded as a dignity conferred in recognition of special scientific work and only five names are considered for each year's election. A stated session is held annually in Washington on the third Tuesday in April, and another is commonly held elsewhere during each autumn. bership (at present 96 members and 43 foreign associates) comprises many of the leading scientific specialists of the United States who are grouped into committees on (1) mathematics and astronomy, (2) physics and engineering, (3) chemistry, (4) geology and paleontology, (5) biology, and (6) anthropology. There are in addition a number of foreign associates distinguished for scientific attainment. The president is Dr. W. H. Welch of Johns Hopkins_University, and Dr. A. L. Day is the Home Secretary. The mem National Academy of Sciences, commis sion from membership of, to formulate plans for forestry system, 6167. National Air.-The tune, or song, adopted, usually by custom, as a musical symbol of the country; as, in England, "God Save the King"; in France, "The Marseillaise"; in the United States, "The Star Spangled Banner." (See Star Spangled Banner.) In all public assemblages it is a custom, amounting to an unwritten law, for all persons to stand when the national air is played or sung; likewise it is the custom, under similar circumstances for all men, when out of doors to uncover. This mark of respect is held so sacred that any one violating it is apt to be roughly treated. This is especially true when the martial spirit prevails. Foreigners, even though not in sympathy with the air being played, are expected to obey this custom as a matter of "courtesy to the host." National Anti-Imperialistic League. (See Imperialism.) National Anti-Slavery Party.-A party organized in 1833 for united opposition to slavery. It merged into the Liberty Party (q. v.), and finally into the Abolition Party (q. v.). National Army.-The term applied to the first draft army of 500,000 called to the colors in the war with Germany. (See Army.) National Association of Naval Veter- Act to fix amount of United States Cleveland, 4926, 5876, 5966, 5986, National Bank Examiners, reports of, referred to, 4655. National Banks. (See Banks, National.) National Board of Health.-By act of Congress approved March 3, 1879, a National Board of Health was established, consisting of 7 civilian physicians, 1 army surgeon, 1 navy surgeon, I surgeon of the Marine-Hospital Service, and I officer of the Department of Justice. This board was abolished by law. A national quarantine law was passed June 3, 1879. National Board of Health: Recommended, 5983. Report of, transmitted, 4857, 4972. National Cemeteries. (See Cemeteries, National.) Establishment of, and number of Union soldiers buried in, discussed, 3649. National Committee of Patriotic and Defence Societies. (See Preparedness Societies.) National Conference of Electricians at Discussed by President- National Defense Act. -The name of the act of Congress of June 3, 1916, providing for increases in the provisions for the United States Army. (See Army.) National Food Board.-This was an organization created by and under the Council of National Defence (q. v.), in order to handle as well as possible the problems arising from the food situation of the country, until Congress passed legislation requested by the President in order to make food regulation efficient and official. National Forests.-President Cleveland, in his fourth annual message, Dec. 7. 1896 (page 6167), reported that the commission appointed from the membership of the National Academy of Sciences to formulate plans for a national forestry system would soon be prepared to present the result of a thorough and intelligent examination of the preservation of the growing timber of the country. McKinley, in his second annual message. Dec. 5, 1898, reported that up to the previous June 30th, thirty forest reservations had been created by executive proclamations (page 6346). These embraced an estimated area of 40,719,474 acres. By the next year he was able to report the addition of some five million acres to the national forest reserves. (Page 6390.) President Roosevelt discusses at length the importance of the preservation of forests and water supply in his first message after assuming the presidency. (Page 6653.) Mr. Roosevelt's strongest plea for the preservation of our forests is found in his message of Dec. 8, 1908. (Page 7218.) The great areas contained in the national forests have now been brought to a condition where they are beginning to serve the purposes of the West. The conservation of timber and forage through wise use, and the protection of stream flow, are the means of sustaining many industries which have contributed materially to the prosperity of the country. At the head of the Forest Service are the Forester and the Associate Forester. The 163 national forests are distributed in six districts, with a District Forester in charge of each, and headquarters as follows: District 1 (Montana, northeastern Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern South Dakota, northern Michigan, northern Minnesota and southwestern North Dakota), Missoula, Mont.; District 2 (Colorado, Wyoming, the remainder of South Dakota, Nebraska and western Kansas), Denver, Col. District 3 (most of Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, New Mexico and Oklahoma), Albuquerque, N. Mex.; District 4 (Utah, southern Idaho, western Wyoming, eastern and central Nevada and a small portion of northwestern Arizona), Ogden, Utah; District 5 (California and southwestern Nevada), San Francisco, Cal., and District 6 (Washington, Oregon and Alaska), Portland, Ore. ters. On July 1, 1913, the force employed by the Forest Service numbered 3,791. Of these 3.068 were employed upon the national forests and 723 were engaged in administrative, scientific and clerical work at the Washington and district headquarOf the employees on the national forests the force engaged principally in protective work numbered 2,302 men, follows: Forest Rangers, 359; Assistant Forest Rangers, 888; Forest Guards, 1,053; Game Wardens, 2. The protective force was therefore about one man for every 80,000 acres, or 125 square miles. (Prussia has one man for every 1,700 acres, and Baden one for every 750.) as The branch of silviculture directs the management of the national forests as regards both the systems of cutting mature timber and the work of forest planting; supervises their protection; co-operates with states in developing forest policies adapted to their requirements; co-operates with private forest owners who desire to practice forestry on their lands; and carries on silvicultural investigations of the important species of the United States. In planting within the national forests the primary object is to produce commercial timber, although in a number of cases planting has been done chiefly with the view of reforesting denuded watersheds in order to control and regulate the flow of streams directly supplying cities and towns. During the year ending June 30, 1913, about 30,000 acres in national forests were sown or planted to trees, chiefly Douglas fir, a Western yellow pine, Austrian pine and Engelmann spruce. There are forty Government nurseries which supply the national forests. In the East, forest planting has been done mainly in connection with states and private owners. At the request of the states the Forest Service makes examinations of their forest conditions and conducts other studies needed to serve as a basis for forest legislation and formulation by each state of a forest policy adapted to its special requirements. The service co-operates with private owners, especially small owners, in states which have no State Forester. The branch of grazing supervises the grazing of live stock upon the national The branch of products carries on studies, In The act of March 1, 1911, commonly known as the Weeks law, provides for the acquisition of forest lands on the waterIts purpose sheds of navigable streams. is to promote and protect the navigability of the streams by preserving the forest on the upland portions of their watersheds. means are afforded of Through this act extending the national forest system to regions where the Government has hitherto owned no forest lands and taken no direct July 1, 1905, part in forest preservation. all matters relating to forest reserves passed to the Department of Agriculture. The original appropriation was $2,000,000 per year for five and one-half years, beginning with the last half of the fiscal The Agricultural Appropriayear, 1911. tion bill for the fiscal year, 1913, made the appropriation for 1912 and subsequent years available until expended. Up to July 1, 1913, 5,833,103 acres were reported upon No favorably by the Geological Survey. unfavorable reports have been made. New York has purchased and set aside in the Adirondack and 1,642.000 acres Catskill Mountains as forest preserves, unand der the control of the Conservation Comstate. These lands mission of the private lands in the preserve counties are protected from fire by an adequate system of rangers. Specified Heads, and Details of Grazing Privileges, Year (From Reports of the Forest Service, Department of Free timber given: Number of users. 40 040 123,259 206,597 Timber sales: Number.. 10,905 Quantity, M ft.. 1,093,589 Price per M ft. (average), dollars. 2.44 Grazing: Area of ranges, acres... 110,000,000 Kinds of stock Cattle No.. Goats, No.. Hogs, No.. Horses, No.. Sheep, No.. 96,933 7,232,276 9,010,731 1,164,008. 29 3:180.89 7,284.17 8,832.64 660.60 167,007.76 .1,124,677.44 5,817.56 .2,481,469.35 Combining Manzano and Zuni in Arizona and New Mexico, 7987. National Foundry, erection of, recommended, 1607, 1714. National Guard.-The enrolled militia of the States is known collective- (See Encampment of, in coast works recommended, 5476. Encouragement of, 5550. Reorganization of, 6672, 6805, 7236. National Incorporation Act, suggested, 7074, 7455, 7456, 7457, 7458. National Intelligencer, publication in, of proceedings of President and Cabinet respecting interpretation of reconstruction acts discussed, 3725. National Monuments. (See also Statues and Monuments.) By act approved June 8, 1906, the President is authorized to set apart, as National Monuments, certain portions of the land, or landmarks on the land owned and administered by the Government, which may be of historic or scenic interest. There are thirty such monuments which have been set aside for preservation by Presidential order, of which number nineteen are administered by the Interior DeThe Interior Department also partment. The administers the more than eighty bird pre(See Interior serves of the Government. Department.) National Museum.-The National Museum is an offshoot of the Smithsonian Instituwas organized tion at Washington, and under the provisions of the act of 1846 It is a creating the parent institution. museum of record, research and education, and the legal depository of all national collections. It is especially rich in American Pennsylvania has purchased more than The following table shows the Timber Disposed of, |