The ves He sailed from Hampton Roads, reached Trinity Church. The first Episcopal ranean. His flag-ship was the President. church organized in the province of New York was called in its charter (1697) "The Parish of Trinity Church." The wardens and vestrymen first chosen included several members of the King's council. The following are the names of the first officers of the church: Bishop of London, rector; Thomas Wenham and Robert Lurting, wardens; Caleb Heathcote, William Merret, John Tudor, James Emott, William Morris, Thomas Clarke, Ebenezer Wilson, Samuel Burt, James Evets, Nathaniel Marston, Michael How den, John Crooke, William Sharpas, Lawrence Read, David Jamison, William Hudleston, Gabriel Ludlow, Thomas Burroughs, John Merret, and William Janeway, vestrymen. In 1705 a tract of land known as "The Queen's Farm" extended (on the west side of Broadway) from St. Paul's Chapel (Vesey Street and Broadway) along the river to Skinner Road, now Christopher Street. This farm was then totally unproductive. Money was collected for the building of the church. It was a small square edifice then on the banks of the Hudson River. It was enlarged in 1737 to 148 feet in length, including the tower and chancel, and to 72 feet in width. The steeple, which was not completed until 1772, was 175 feet in height. The building was consumed in the great fire of 1776. It was rebuilt in 1788, taken down in 1839, and on May 21, 1846, the present edifice was consecrated. The corporation of Trinity Church still holds a portion of the land of the Queen's Farm, from which a large income is derived. That corporation has contributed generously towards the building and supporting of churches in various parts of the country and carrying on Christian work of various kinds. Another naval expedition was sent to the Mediterranean in 1803, under the command of Com. Edward Preble, whose flagship was the Constitution. The other vessels were the Philadelphia, Argus, Siren, Nautilus, Vixen, and Enterprise. The Philadelphia, Captain Bainbridge, sailed in July, and captured a Moorish corsair off Tangier, holding an American merchant vessel. Preble arrived in August, and, going to Tangier, demanded an explanation of the Emperor of Morocco, who disclaimed the act and made a suitable apology. Then he proceeded to bring Tripoli to terms. Soon afterwards the Philadelphia fell into the hands of the Tripolitans. Little further of much interest occurred Tripoli, WAR WITH. In the autumn of until early in 1804, when the boldness of 1800, the ruler of Tripoli, learning that the Americans in destroying the Philathe United States had paid larger gross delphia in the harbor of Tripoli greatly sums to his neighbors (see ALGIERS) than alarmed the Bey (see PHILADELPHIA, to himself, demanded an annual tribute, THE). For a while Preble blockaded his and threatened war in case it was refused. port; and in July, 1804, he entered the In May, 1801, he caused the flag-staff of harbor (whose protection lay in heavy the American consulate to be cut down, batteries mounting 115 guns) with his and proclaimed war June 10. In antici- squadron. The Tripolitans also had in pation of this event, the American gov- the harbor nineteen gunboats, a brig, two ernment had sent Commodore Richard schooners, and some galleys, with 25,000 Dale with a squadron to the Mediter- soldiers on the land. A sheltering reef afforded further protection. These formi- gunboat Number Four) alongside the dable obstacles did not dismay Preble. On Aug. 3 he opened a heavy cannonade and bombardment from his gunboats, which largest of those of the enemy, and boarded and captured her after a fierce struggle. After the Americans had sunk or capt ured six of the Tripolitan vessels, and inflicted a heavy loss of life on the enemy, they withdrew, but resumed the attack four days later (Aug. 7). After the loss of a gunboat and ten men, the Americans again withdrew; but renewed the attack on the 24th, without any important result. A fourth attack was made on the 28th, and, after a sharp conflict, the American alone could get near enough for effective squadron again withdrew, and lay at service. A severe conflict ensued. Finally, anchor off the harbor until Sept. 2, when Lieutenant Decatur laid his vessel (the a fifth attack was made. A floating mine, A STREET SCENE IN TRIPOLI sent to blow up the Tripolitan vessels in personal friend and the private secretary the harbor, exploded prematurely, appar- of President Jackson. He died in Alexently, and destroyed all of the Ameri- andria, Va., Feb. 11, 1874. cans in charge of it (see INTREPID, THE). Trollope, FRANCES MILTON, author; The stormy season approaching, Preble born in Heckfield, Hampshire, England, withdrew from the dangerous Barbary about 1780; came to the United States coast, leaving a small force to blockade and settled in Cincinnati, O., in 1829. She the harbor of Tripoli. Com. Samuel Barron was sent to relieve Preble, who, with a large squadron, overawed the Moors and kept up the blockade. returned to England in 1831, and published Domestic Manners of the Americans. She died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. Troup, ROBERT, military officer; born Meanwhile a movement under Capt. in New York City in 1757; graduated at William Eaton, American consul at Tunis, King's College in 1774; studied law under soon brought the war to a close. He John Jay; and joined the army on Long joined Hamet Caramelli, the rightful Island as lieutenant in the summer of Bey of Tunis, in an effort to recover his 1776. He became aide to General Woodrights. Hamet had taken refuge with hull; was taken prisoner at the battle of the Viceroy of Egypt. There Eaton join- Long Island; and was for some time in ed him with a few troops composed of the prison-ship Jersey and the provost jail men of all nations, and, marching west- at New York. Exchanged in the spring of ward across Northern Africa 1,000 miles, 1777, he joined the Northern army, and with transportation consisting of 190 participated in the capture of Burgoyne. camels, on April 27, 1805, captured the In 1778 he was secretary of the board of Tripolitan seaport town of Derne. They war. After the war he was made judge fought their way successfully towards of the United States district court of the capital, their followers continually in- New York, holding that office several creasing, when, to the mortification of years. Colonel Troup was the warm perEaton and the extinguishment of the hopes sonal and political friend of Alexander of Caramelli, they found that Tobias Lear, Hamilton. He died in New York City, the American consul-general, had made a treaty of peace (June 4, 1805) with the terrified ruler of Tripoli. So ended the war. The ruler of Tunis was yet insolent, but his pride was suddenly humbled by the appearance of a squadron of thirteen vessels under Commodore Rodgers, who succeeded Barron, and he sent an ambassador to the United States. The Barbary States now all feared the power of the Americans, and commerce in the Mediterranean Sea was relieved of great peril. Pope Pius VII. declared that the Americans had done more for Christendom against the North African pirates than all the powers of Europe united. Trist, NICHOLAS PHILIP, diplomatist; born in Charlottesville, Va., June 2, 1800; educated at West Point, where he was acting professor in 1819-20. In 1845 he was chief clerk of the State Department, and was United States commissioner with the army under General Scott in Mexico authorized to treat for peace, which he accomplished at Guadalupe - Hidalgo in January, 1848. He was afterwards United States consul at Havana. He was a Jan. 14, 1832. Truman, BENJAMIN CUMMINGS, journalist; born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 25, 1835; received a public school education; was a compositor and proof-reader on the New York Times in 1854-60; served in the Civil War as staff-officer; has been on government missions to China, Japan, Hawaii, Alaska, and several times to Europe. He is the author of The South During the War; Semi-Tropical California; From the Crescent City to the Golden Gate; The Field of Honor; History of the World's Fair in Chicago, etc. Trumbull, BENJAMIN, historian; born in Hebron, Conn., Dec. 19, 1735; graduated at Yale College in 1759, and studied theology under Rev. Eleazer Wheelock; pastor in North Haven for nearly sixty years. His publications include General History of the United States of America; Complete History of Connecticut from 1630 till 1713 (2 volumes). He died in North Haven, Conn., Feb. 2, 1820. Trumbull, JAMES HAMMOND, philologist; born in Stonington, Conn., Dec. 20, 1821; educated at Yale College; settled in Hartford in 1847, and held political vard College in 1773. Having made an acoffices till 1864; librarian of the Watkin- curate sketch of the works around Boston son library of reference in Hartford in 1863-91. He was the author of The Colonial Records of Connecticut (3 volumes); Historical Notes on Some Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes; The Defence of Stonington against a British Squadron, August, 1814; Historical Notes on the Constitution of Connecticut; Notes on Forty Algonquin Versions of the Lord's Prayer; The Blue Laws of Connecticut and the False Blue Laws invented by the Rev. Samuel Peters; Indian Names of Places in and on the Borders of the Connecticut, with Interpretations, etc. He died in Hartford, Conn., Aug. 5, 1897. in 1775, he attracted the attention of Washington, who, in August of that year, made him one of his aides-de-camp. He became a major of brigade, and in 1776 deputy adjutant-general of the Northern Department, with the rank of colonel. In February, 1777, he retired from the army, and went to London to study painting under West. On the execution of Major André (October, 1780), he was seized and cast into prison, where he remained eight months. In 1786 he painted his Battle of Bunker Hill. From 1789 to 1793 he was in the United States, painting portraits for his historical pictures (now in the Trumbull, JOHN, poet; born in West- rotunda of the national Capitol) — The bury (since Watertown), Conn., April 24, Declaration of Independence; The Surren1750; graduated at Yale College in 1767, der of Burgoyne; The Surrender of Cornhaving been admitted to the college at wallis; and the Resignation of Washingthe age of seven years, such was his pre- ton at Annapolis. In 1794 Trumbull cocity in acquiring learning; but he did was secretary to Jay's mission to Lonnot reside there until 1763, on account of don, and was appointed a commissioner delicate health. In 1773 he was admit ted to the bar, having been two years a tutor in Yale College. During that time he wrote his first considerable poem, The Progress of Dulness. He was a warm and active patriot. In 1775 the first canto of his famous poem, McFingal, was published in Philadelphia. The whole work, in four cantos, was published in Hartford in 1782. It is a burlesque epic, in the style of Hudibras, directed against the Tories and other enemies of liberty in America. This famous poem has passed through many editions. After the war, Trumbull, with Humphreys, Barlow, and Lemuel Hopkins, wrote a series of poetic essays entitled American Antiquities, pretended extracts from a poem which they styled The Anarchiad. It was designed to check the spirit of anarchy then prevailing in the feeble Union. From 1789 to 1795 Mr. Trumbull was State attorney for Hartford; and in 1792 and 1800 he was a member of the legislature. He was a judge of the Supreme Court for eighteen years (1801-19), and judge of the court of errors in 1808. In 1825 he removed to Detroit, Mich., where he died, May 10, 1831. (1796) to carry the treaty into execution. He returned to the United States in 1804, and went back to England in 1808, when everything American was so unpopular that he found little employment. He came Trumbull, JOHN, artist; born in Leba- back, settled in New York, and assisted non, Conn., June 6, 1756; son of Gov. in founding the Academy of Fine Arts Jonathan Trumbull; graduated at Har- there, of which he was president in 1816 25. Mr. Trumbull painted a large num- tion and other supplies, and this want ber of pictures of events in American his- continued, more or less, for months. Trumtory. In consideration of receiving from bull was then governor of Connecticut. Yale College $1,000 a year during his JONATHAN TRUMBULL THE TRUMBULL HOUSE, 1850. On one occasion, at a council of war, when "We The a member of Assembly at the age of twenty-three. He was chosen lieutenant-governor in 1766, and became ex-officio chiefjustice of the Superior Court. In 1768 he boldly refused to take the oath enjoined on officers of the crown, and in 1769 he was chosen governor. He was the only conlonial governor who espoused the cause of the people in their struggle for justice and freedom. In the absence in Congress of the Adamses and Hancock from New England, Trumbull was consid- of, and "Brother Jonathan" became the ered the Whig leader in that region, and Washington always placed implicit reliance upon his patriotism and energy for support. When Washington took Trumbull, JONATHAN, legislator; born rommand of the Continental army at Cam- in Lebanon, Conn., March 26, 1740; son bridge, he found it in want of ammuni- of Governor Trumbull; graduated at Har GOVERNOR TRUMBULL'S WAR-OFFICE. title of our nationality, like that of "John Bull" of England. He died in Lebanon, Conn., Aug. 17, 1785. |